• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.947-971
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• 2010

Anna Letitia Barbauld's poem "Washing-Day" (1797) has sparked a variety of feminist critical endeavors over the past two decades. While many feminist literary critics try to salvage the poem as a successful tongue-in-cheek riposte directed at the male dominant literary world, more rigorous Marxist feminists accuse Barbauld of being limited by her own middle-class woman's view on women's domestic labor. Legitimate as they may be, these readings fail to elucidate Barbauld's place in a larger literary and intellectual discourse during the eighteenth century. In this paper I read "Washing-Day" as a woman's georgic, a genre or mode concerned with agricultural labor, the public value of which was highly recognized in eighteenth-century England. Alluding to canonical texts by writers like Shakespeare, Milton, and Pope, Barbauld's "loaded lines" in mock-heroic form create a space in which the women's domestic labor of washing interrupts men's daily routines and disrupts their poetic assumptions. While she makes women's work visible, Barbauld also addresses its quintessential nature. Women's work is affective labor; women have to labor physically and mentally to produce the desired domestic comfort. By allowing the image of the soap "bubble" to echo with many "bubbles" in other writers' texts, from the soap bubbles the narrator used to play with as a child to the hot-air balloon "bubble" of the Montgolfier brothers, Barbauld pleasantly equates work and day-dreaming, men's toil and children's play, and finally public, scientific, and recognized labor and private, domestic, and imaginative activities.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.307-333
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• 2007

When W. E. B. Du Bois says that "the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line," such a statement clearly recognizes the significance of the issue of racial identity, a cultural phenomenon called 'passing.' Both Johnson in The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man and Larsen in Passing confront this issue. Both novels, using the metaphor of passing, not only trace the racial anxiety and race politics of the time but also expose the unstable landscape of the established social and cultural boundaries of racial identity. Mapping out multiple meanings and various dimensions of passing, this paper argues how Johnson's and Larsen's narratives display the ambivalence of color line while they at the same time complicate, problematize, and destabilize the mainstream racial boundaries and differences. It furthers to delineate how the two writers, with difference, deal with the problem of passing, the significance of racial identity, and black middle class values along with its intraracial differences. Rather than draw a clear definition of and a definitive closure on passing narrative, this paper focuses on its complexities and undecidability, challenging every dimension of its established significations. It also explores the complex dynamic between passing act and individual identity, for passing here is not just a racially signified term but extends its significance to the other factors of identity, such as class and even sexuality. Johnson and Larsen open up a site for a newly emergent, modern racial identity for black middle class in the twentieth century American urban spaces. Both writers, illuminating the subversive and slippery nature of language in their passing narrative, clearly herald new, different forms of Afro-American writings and themes for the different century they face.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.517-538
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• 2009

This study explores the possibility of finding intersections of commonness and differences between Mahasweta Devi's short stories, "The Hunt" and "Douloti the Bountiful" and Angela Carter's "Flesh and the Mirror" and "Master" in Fireworks. At appearance, Carter as a writer of Great Britains and Devi as a writer of India in postcolonial period do not seem to share any commonness. This study, however, tried to find "common differences," to quote Chandra Mohanty's terminology, as a basis of solidarity possible between these two different feminist writers. Another concept appropriated in this process of comparing Carter and Devi is Gayatri Spivak's 'planetary comparative literature,' which contends the necessity of critical regional studies and the study of Asian Literature in the study of English literature. Devi and Carter, despite their historical, geopolitical and racial differences, share commonness in depicting Asian or colonized women not only as the oppressed others but also as the subjects who show potential for resistance and independence. Carter portrays Japanese women as the colonized and oppressed others of Japanese society, even though Japan did not have any colonial history. Devi finds in the postcolonial Indian women both the oppressed in the interstice of colonial/postcolonial/patriarchal Indian history and the potential for resistance. Despite some limitation in her understanding of Asia, Carter shows her insight to accept Asia as a true origin of her self-knowledge and performativity of her woman's role. Despite their differences, these two writers use Freud's 'unheimlich' from the feminist point of view, in general. Devi's depiction of the heroine's dead body at the end of the story implicates the possibility of resistance through women's 'uncanny' bodies. Carter converts Freudian and negative connotation of woman's body into positive and comfortable 'home' as a starting point of her self knowledge.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-101
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• 2015

In this paper, we investigate the notion of error correction memory applied to technical texts. The main purpose is to introduce flexibility and context sensitivity in the detection and the correction of errors related to Constrained Natural Language (CNL) principles. This is realized by enhancing error detection paired with relatively generic correction patterns and contextual correction recommendations. Patterns are induced from previous corrections made by technical writers for a given type of text. The impact of such an error correction memory is also investigated from the point of view of the technical writer's cognitive activity. The notion of error correction memory is developed within the framework of the LELIE project an experiment is carried out on the case of fuzzy lexical items and negation, which are both major problems in technical writing. Language processing and knowledge representation aspects are developed together with evaluation directions.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.12
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• pp.1-33
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• 1985

This study has been aimed to analyze the following three points which are believed to be the most important in establishing efficient library networks. The writers have done the research into the literature and references concerning the networks of library, as they are considered crucial functions in cooperative administration between the libraries. The following are the findings from the survey: 1) The established networks in foreign countries have been compared with those of Korea, basing upon the data and present situations in both areas and the definition and agreed viewpoint of the networks are presented. 2) The relations between the existing Library system and Consortia were clarified in view of the current trend, thus showing the scope and integral aspects of them. 3) Finally, we have classified the types of network into four categories, such as search service network, customized service network, service center/network and state local networks, and made through analysis of the character, organization and management of each realm.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 1993

Extreme environments and freak wave characteristics in the coastal waters of Korean Peninsula are analyzed using the observed wave data. Freak wave has been intensely emphasized as an important environmental force parameter in several recent research works. However, the mechanism and occurrence probability of freak wave are not clarified. The aims of this study we: to summarize the distribution of extreme environment for wind waves, and to find occurrence probability of freak wave in the coastal waters of Korean Peninsula. These extreme sea conditions are discussed by applying extreme value analysis method, and the statistic characteristics are summarized which can be used to the design and analysis of coastal structures. The mechanism and the occurrence probability of freak wave are also discussed in detail using wave parameters in considered with wave deformation in the coastal waters. Key Words : extreme wave, freak wave, extreme analysis, design wave, probability density.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.211-227
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• 2001

Using literary and educational points of view, this study examined the prizewinning poems for children in the Annual Literary Contest sponsored by the Dongah-ilbo and the Chosun-ilbo between the 1970s and 2001. The average age of both male and female writers increased over time, 82% were college graduates, and 54% were educators. All of the poems referred to nature in some ways, either as the major theme(42%) or in passing reference to some aspect of nature(58%). Onomato-poetic words were used in 71% of the poems; similes and metaphors were expressed in 13% and 51%, respectively; 58% were written from a mediator's point of view; 59% were in the present tense; 78% of the space elements were fixed; and 98% were written in free verse. In conclusion, the poems for children of the Annual Literary Contest should be used in literary education with guidelines for the appreciation, creation, and criticism of poems for children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.33-42
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• 1993

Geocell is a three dimensional cellular confinement system that forms a reocomposite mattress with infill material to increase the bearing capacity dramatically rather than geotextiles of nonwoven and woven fabric type and geogrid. In terms of design, this geocell confinement is quite complex to assess and is different in its hieoretical evaluation and its concept from other geosynthetic products. Thsi study is aimed to help a basic understanding on Geoweb system, which is known to be the most effective and easiest in handling among the geocell systems ever developed, by introducing two method of interpretation for the improvement of bearing capacity. Thus the writers are sillingly to help the geotechnical engineers and the site engineers who might be encountered with the bearing capacity problems on site.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 1992

The major goal of caring the elderly is not to cure the patient, but rather to improve or maintain the individual functional ability. With the aged population increases, there is increasing consensus among health care workers about the importance of developing a tool to measure and evaluate the health status of the elderly. As many writers is pointing out, care of the elderly embraces the spectrum of physical-social-psychological problems and an enormous number of variables could be introudeced into the health worker's routine measurement. But such an expansive approach to measurement could have disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to introduce the measurement tools of physical functioning, perhaps the most important measure required in long-term care, which are separated into three categories of measures; general physical health, ADL, IADL. It is important that all health workers who provide care to the elderly incorporate the concepts of functional health status into the routine assessments. And continuous study about reliability and validity is needed to apply those foreign tools to Korea.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.72-82
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• 2005

Metaphor has been regarded as a simple methods for decorating languages for a long time, nowadays it has important role in creative thinking. Designers have had used metaphoric thoughts in art work design and architectural design as well as writers. But designers and art critics have not recognize its importance, in addition research about metaphor specially in design have not even started yet in any design areas. This research is on the line of studying automation design by explain mechanism of metaphoric design regarded as black box. Ronchamp Chapel design by Le Corbusier has been analyzed and some metaphoric processes has been logically described. In this process, properties of sound are transferred and used as window design to control lights.