• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1167-1191
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• 2012

For Romantic women writers the paratext itself is essentially a masculine literary space affiliated with established writing practices; however, this paper suggests that Charlotte Turner Smith's mode of discourse in her use of notes and their relation to the text proper are never fixed in her contemplative blank-verse long poem, Beachy Head (1807). Even though the display of learning in the paratext partly supports the woman writer's claim to authority, this paper argues that Smith's endnotes also indicate her way of challenging the double bind for women writers, summoning masculine authority on the margins of her book while simultaneously interrogating essentialist thinking and instructions about one's identity in a culture and on the printed page. The poem shows how the fringes of the book can be effectively transformed from a masculine site of authority to an increasingly feminized site of interchange as Smith writes with an awareness of patriarchal, imperial abuses of power in that area of the book. There is a persistent transgression of cultural/textual boundaries occurring in Beachy Head, which explores the very scene and languages of imperial encounter. Accordingly, if Wordsworth's theory of composition suggests a subjective and abstract poetic experience-an experience without mediation-in which its medium's purpose seems to be to disappear from the reader's consciousness, an examination of the alternative discourse of self-exposure in Smith's poem reveals the essentially fluid nature of media-consciousness in the Romantic era, which remains little acknowledged in received accounts of Romantic literary culture.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.737-742
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• 2023

This paper attempts to analyze how Paris was transformed by Haussman through comparing flaneurs in works by Balzac and Baudelaire. In both writers' works, flâneurs as the emblems of modernity observe Paris, especially architecture. Although representative of modernity, they are ambivalently obsessed with the heritage of the past. Balzac's The Wrong Side of Paris, Godefroid as a male bourgeois, is a flaneur observing antiquated architectures, the heritage of past. In Baudelaire's "The Swan for Victor Hugo" the flaneur passing through the modern Caroussel feels the Old Paris is gone. In "Parisian Dream," illusionary Paris exhibits metopolitan imagery wrought by capitalism led by Napoleon the third. The difference between the two writers demonstrate how Paris was changed by modernity.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 1998

The Purpose of this study is to offer basic data when the new printed media for sex education are developed, by grasping the problem through analyzing the data of the printed media for sex education that are produced by the government and composed of relatively inclusive contents. The subjects of analyzed data were 10 printed media books connected with sex education. This study focused on analysis for the printed media. therefore the method of analysis used effectively for the study of the mass media was used. The SAS program was used for analyzing the frequency of data and processing with percentage. The result of this study is as follows. 1. The subject of sex education that the printed media intend for was classfied the data for students and for teachers and the general. 2. According to the result of analyzing the writers of the printed media for sex education, classified by occupation, research workers accounted for $30.2\%$ as 23 persons, and the rest were distributed as 19 professors $(25\%)$, 13 teachers $(17.2\%)$, 10 workers in related institutions of various kinds $(13.1\%)$, 6 doctors $(10.6\%)$ and 3 writers $(3.9\%)$. Examing the organization of writers of the printed media for sex education for students, it was composed of sequence as research workers $30.5\%$. workers in related institutions of various kinds $19.6\%$, teachers $19.5\%$, professors $13\%$, doctors $10.8\%$ and writers $6.5\%$. And that of writers of the printed media for sex education for teachers and the general was shown as professors $43.2\%$ (13 persons), research workers $30.1\%$ (9 persons), teachers $13.2\%$ (4 persons) and doctors $10.2\%$ (3 persons). 3. Seeing the result of analyzing for the printed media, classified by themes, it was shown as 314.1 pages $(28.5\%)$ in a field of development of men, 195.9 pages $(17.6\%)$ in a field of sex-health, 141.7 pages $(12.9\%)$ in a field of relationship. 74.1 pages $(6.7\%)$ in a field of a sex act. 51.7 pages $(4.6\%)$ in a field of a personnal technology and 313.4 pages $(28.4\%)$ in the others. As are suit of the analysis classified by themes about the printed media for sex education for students, it was distributed as the content about sexual abuse $12.3\%$ (60.2 pages), the anatomical physiology of reproduction $12.1\%$ (59.3 pages). a friendship $8.5\%$ (41.6 pages). the reproduction $7.2\%$ (35.5 pages). a sexual disease $6.8\%$ (33.2 pages) and the puberty $4.3\%$ (20.9 pages). Examing the result of the analysis about contents classified by themes of the printed media for sex education for teachers and the general. it was indicated as 67.1 pages $(10.9\%)$ on the 'puberty', 37.9 pages $(6.2\%)$ on the anatomical physiology of reproduction, 36.6 pages ($6.0\%$ on a sexual disease, 23.2 pages $(3.8\%)$ on dating, 21.7 pages $(3.5\%)$ on a human sexual reaction. 21.0 pages $(3.4\%)$ on a sexual role. 20.1 pages $(3.3\%)$ of the reproduction. The suggestion according to the upper result is as follows. 1. It is needed to expand the range of analysis into the data. besides the printed media. into the data for sex education using such media as a video. a slide, a CD-ROM, on internet, etc. 2. It is necessary to develop the ideal program for sex education of teenagers and analyze the effect. on the basis of analyzing data about data sex education. 3. It is needed that practice workers for nursing or teachers for nursing as well as workers in educational field or medical experts participate in producing data for sex education.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.231-255
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• 2012

This study has aimed to observe the starting point of Korean social welfare studies with the perspective of historicism. Basically, this study has focused on the following research question; by what kind of influences and contents had been built Korean social welfare studies in the early days? The collected data from introductory texts which had been written by the first generation of Korean social welfare studies was analyzed according to the framework as follows; 1) historical summary of the texts, 2) individual historical disposition of the writers, 3) historical application of the principle terms, and 4) historical context of the contents for social welfare studies. As results, some issues related with the formation of Korean social welfare studies are stressed as follows; 1) data collecting from the first generation of the researchers and writers for recovering the introductory texts, 2) study of the influences of christianity, 3) study on the influences of aid agencies from oversees, 4) study on the influence of the mixed with American and Japanese social welfare studies, and 5) study on the examination of developing process of Korean social welfare studies afterward. Finally, the limit of this study that the individual history of writers could not cope detailed and deeply is mentioned.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.55
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• pp.140-163
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• 2011

This study analyzed the contents of letters-to-the-editor and the characteristics of the letters' writers, featured in three major newspapers, Chosun Ilbo, Dong-a Ilbo and Hankyoreh, in Korea from 1997 to 2009. Additionally, based on whether the letters contained the feedback function or not, it scrutinized the attributes of the letters-to-the-editor. The results indicated that the role of letters-to-the-editor has changed from a space for showing merely personal dissatisfactions or complaints into a space for expressing the reader's opinions about various issues. The study also showed that the proportion of writers who have specialized jobs and are members of civic groups steadily increased. It seems to tell that the quality of the letters was improved accordingly, because they could give in-depth opinions about the matters in which the society were interested. The feedback function of the letters was also gradually more activated for those years, and it could be thought as another evidence supporting the quality improvement of the letters, which were supposed to form the healthful public opinion. However, the writers' residential districts are heavily concentrated on the region surrounding Seoul, the capital of Korea. The study suggested that the newspapers should develop tools to overcome such defects.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.261-289
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• 2017

This article is a follow-up on the concept of philosopher/writer and its transformation in the Age of Enlightenment - 1. the dictionary meaning of the term 'philosopher/writer' and the origins of 'literary fields' of the Enlightenment era. In this article, we analyzed changes in the literary field in the late $17^{th}$ century after the expansion of the publishing market. We examined the conflict surrounding philosophers' identifying between modern and traditional philosophers. We have validated that the formation of new readers has made traditional philosophers more sensitive to the 'horizon of expectations' of readers. Some biographical works are also one of our concern. By the end of the $17^{th}$ century, philosophers and writers suddenly became objects of biographical works unlike in the past. Through our research, we found that readers have sought the arrival of a new hero, a great philosopher or a great writer, that will lead a new era, and due to this anticipation, it has led to the publication of biographical works. In this process, we have revealed conceptual changes about authors, writers, philosophers, and so on. In the next article, we will continue advanced discussion on the concept of philosopher/writer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.243-256
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• 2021

is a film that lifted Director Joon Ho Bong and Korea to the world-class level. A number of researchers have released findings of studies on based on their own interests and perspectives. The current study discussed the historical facts of black comedy in film and how black comedy from play has been used for epic characteristics and formal measures, although it was not a specific rule, through the perspectives of contemporary writers, such as Beckett, Ionesco, Durrenmatt, and Brecht. Some tools used for comedies and tragedies shared the same concept with black comedy in film and black comedy was a unique characteristic of film. The study analyzed how black comedy was signified in for paradox and nonalignment of purpose/intent and consequences as epic characteristics and parody, grotesque, and coincidence as formal measures. It also discussed the meaning of Director Bong's black comedy in and how the audience accepted it. Both the contemporary writers and Director Bong has a compassionate perspective, but the his was different from the work of other contemporary writers. Therefore, the study discussed his creativity behind .

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.977-998
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate prospective teachers' perceptions of the peer review comments readily available to them during the writing process in a teacher training class. Given these needs, we employ a qualitative method of inquiry giving voice to the learner's own view of peer feedback. The data we wish to consider is first-person narratives elicited from four EFL college students, who are prospective teachers of English. With regard to the EFL students' narrative considered here, all were attentive to the feedback they received. Moreover, the way in which these EFL writers talk about peer response activity reflects that they still welcome peer feedback because of the benefits to be accrued from it. Although this study, covering only four EFL students in total, can hardly be considered conclusive, we attempt to offer a synthesis of their stories. First of all, students indicate that they received responses from "authentic readers" (Mittan 1989, 209). We do note, consequently, that students gain a clear understanding of readers' needs by receiving feedback on what they did well and on what seems unclear. Perhaps the greater effect of peer feedback claimed by these students is that they take active roles in utilizing peer comments. Since they feel uncertain about the validity of their classmates' responses, students feel that they have autonomy over their own text and can make their own decisions on whether they should accept their peer comments or not. This contrasts with their treatment of teacher comments that they accept begrudgingly even if they disagree with them. Four EFL writers talked a lot, typically in a positive way, about peer response to their writing, yet they have expressed reservations about the extent to which they should put any credence in comments offered by their fellow students. Perhaps this is because their fellow students are still developing writers and EFL learners. In turn, they were sometimes reluctant to accept the peers' comments. Thus, in EFL contexts, L1 use can be suggested during peer feedback sessions. In particular, we have come to feel that L1 use enables both reviewers and receivers to have more productive peer review experiences. Additionally, we need to train students not "to see peer feedback as potentially bad advice" (Silva et al. 2003, 111). Teachers should focus on training students to utilize their peers' comments. Without such training, students will either ignore feedback or fail to use it constructively.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-86
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• 2000

This essay traces the paths in which the writers have involved themselves in developing 'the studies of the present developmental stage' in their own field of studies, an by extension have become aware of the widespread presence of the discussion of decolonization in fields of social sciences. The present essay takes communication studies for a case of an indepth analysis of the effort toward academic self-reliance.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.20 no.2 s.110
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• pp.62-74
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• 1981

From July 1 to August 16, 1980 these writers conducted a study on the problems afflicting 93 patients suffering from neuropsychosis hospitalized in neuro-psychiatric wards of three hospitals in Busan and obtained the following findings with respect to the