• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2024

Background: Webtoon, a digital form of comics created in the Republic of Korea, has spread widely with advantages that anyone can become a cartoonist and that autonomy of creation is guaranteed. The purpose of this study is to identify the working conditions of webtoon writers and analyze the relationship between these conditions and depressive symptoms. Methods: A survey was carried out on webtoon writers and a survey data of 312 webtoon writers were analyzed. The questionnaire included basic socio-demographic characteristics, webtoon writers' contractual type, fields of activity (webtoon creator, story writer, illustrator), and working environment (labor discretion etc.). We investigated depressive symptoms and analyzed its relation to the work environment of webtoon writers. Results: Webtoon writers were exposed to long working hours, high labor intensity, limited labor discretion, negative comments from readers, and had a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Compared to story writers who contracted directly with platforms, story writers and the illustrators who contracted with content providers (CPs) were 9.51 times (OR = 9.51, 95% CI = 1.47 - 61.33) and 6.47 times (OR = 6.47, 95% CI = 1.08 - 38.75) more likely to have depressive symptoms, respectively. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the urgent necessity to improve the overall working environment in the webtoon industry and implement measures to tackle the escalating mental health challenges faced by illustrators and story writers contracted with CPs, especially given the increasing popularity of novel comics.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2015

방송 콘텐츠의 저작권 제도와 법에 대한 관심이 점점 커져가고 있는 상황에서 본 연구는 드라마 작가에 비해 저작권 연구가 거의 없는 구성다큐 방송작가의 저작권 제도에 대해 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 저작물에 관한 실질적인 수입이 발생하는 10년 이상 경력의 메인 작가 12명과 한국방송작가협회의 저작권 담당자를 심층 면접했다. 심층인터뷰 결과, 구성다큐 방송작가들은 방송의 기획, 원고, 편집에서 주도적인 업무를 담당하는 경력 작가들임에도 불구하고, 표준집필계약서 작성 없이 구두계약으로 업무를 시작하고, 저작물 사용료의 토대가 되는 기본원고료가 터무니없이 낮게 산정되어 저작권 수입의 현실화가 이루어지지 않고 있었다. 또한 출판, 영화 등 2차 저작물의 저작권 침해 관행으로 인한 피해도 많은 것으로 나타났다. 열악한 외주제작 환경, 구성다큐 프로그램의 축소 및 폐지 등 방송환경의 구조적인 문제로 인해 구성다큐 방송작가의 저작권 제도 정착은 매우 어려운 상황에 놓여 있다. 구성다큐 방송작가의 저작권을 보호하고, 강화하는 것은 방송 콘텐츠의 다양성과 공공성, 창작성을 담보하는 중요한 토대이다. 따라서 저작권 보호를 위한 표준집필계약서 작성과 기본원고료의 현실화, 저작권 사용에 관한 투명한 거래는 가장 시급하게 정착되어야 할 사안이다.

• 아시아태평양코퍼스연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2021

The current study explores small corpora of critiques written by Chinese and non-Chinese university students and how strategies used by these writers compare with high-rated L1 students. Data collection includes three small corpora of student writing; 20 student critiques in 2017, 23 student critiques from 2018, and 23 critiques from the online Michigan MICUSP collection at the University of Michigan. The researchers employ Text Inspector and Lexical Complexity to identify university students' vocabulary knowledge and awareness of syntactic complexity. In addition, WMatrix4® is used to identify and support the comparison of lexical and semantic differences among the three corpora. The findings indicate that gaps between Chinese and non-Chinese writers in the same university classes exist in students' knowledge of grammatical features and interactional metadiscourse. In addition, critiques by Chinese writers are more likely to produce shorter clauses and sentences. In addition, the mean value of complex nominal and coordinate phrases is smaller for Chinese students than for non-Chinese and MICUSP writers. Finally, in terms of lexical bundles, Chinese student writers prefer clausal bundles instead of phrasal bundles, which, according to previous studies, are more often found in texts of skilled writers. The current study's findings suggest incorporating implicit and explicit instruction through the implementation of corpora in language classrooms to advance skills and strategies of all, but particularly of Chinese writers of English.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate how EFL learners perceived English writing tasks and teachers' written feedback. The subjects were 82 mixed major college EFL students aged 19-24; the majority were freshmen females. Based on the scores estimated from the essay evaluation test, they were placed into two groups (proficienand less-proficient writers) and responded to an in-class questionnaire. The results indicated that: (1) regardless of writing proficiency, a large number of the students felt that they were just fair writers, which could be derived from low confidence and high anxiety; (2) grammar and vocabulary were perceived as the main features that determined good EFL writers and also prevented the students from performing the writing task successfully; (3) they believed that teachers' feedback contributed to the development of their English writing skills because it helped them apprehend what to improve or avoid in the future, acquire better English usage, and correct their errors; and (4) the proficient writers were more willing to correct errors themselves after being provided clues than the less-proficient writers. Implications of the findings for EFL classrooms are discussed.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2009

This paper aims to investigate the use of reference and substitution as cohesion devices by advanced Korean EFL writers and English native writers. Twelve research articles (totaling 218 pages, 93,033 words) written in English were collected in academic journals. Half of the research articles were prepared by Koreans and the other half were written by native writers. Several demonstrative pronouns, personal pronouns and demonstrative adverbs were selected as referential cohesion devices for this study. Three substitutional cohesion devices were also chosen. Their frequency was investigated at first, after which their preference was analyzed. There was not much difference in the overall use of cohesion devices between the two groups. Some devices were used by Korean writers more often than native ones. Reasons for this could be high English proficiency of Korean writers, their hyper-correction or the influence of Korean culture. Other more distinctive cohesion features such as conjunctions are recommended for analysis of cohesion in future research.

• 예술경영연구
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• 제58호
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• pp.49-88
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• 2021

현대의 문학 작가는 전통적 저자 이미지에서 벗어나 변화하는 문학의 산업적, 제도적 환경에서 다양한 활동에 종사하며 자신의 커리어를 유지하고 문학적 가치를 창출한다. 예술 기업가정신은 문학 작가를 창의적 지식과 기술을 커리어 관리에 적용하여 문학적이고 경제적인 차원 모두에서 최적의 보상을 기하는 주체로 파악한다. 반면 창의 노동 개념은 문학 작가들이 일을 통해 자아를 실현하려 노력하는 과정에서 커리어 불안정성에 시달린다고 파악한다. 본 논문은 두 개념을 비판적으로 검토하고 문학 작가를 다양한 관계적 맥락에서 새로운 문학 가치를 창출하는 문화매개자로 정의한다. 나아가 이들이 수행하는 여러 문화매개 실천의 구조와 성격을 개괄적으로 분석하여 작가들이 추구하는 문학적 가치의 자율성과 기업가-노동자의 지위가 문화매개 실천이 이루어지는 조건에 따라 유동적으로 구성됨을 밝힌다. 이러한 분석에 근거하여 본 논문은 문학적 자율성이 위협받는 환경적 변화에도 불구하고 문학 작가들은 다양한 실천을 통해 이러한 변화에 대응하면서 문화매개자로서 변모하고 있다고 파악한다. 나아가 문학 작가들이 변화하는 환경에 적응하는 자기경영 기술뿐만 아니라 문학 생산과 유통의 구조적 변화에서 기인하는 제약을 극복할 수 있는 집합적 역량을 육성해야 한다고 강조한다. 또한 예술경영은 예술을 둘러싼 구조적 환경에 대한 인문사회과학의 통찰과 접목함으로써, 문학 작가들이 수행하는 창조적 도전을 성찰하고 지원할 것을 제안한다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.23-50
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• 2022

본 연구는 도서관 상주작가 지원사업 문화프로그램 운영현황을 파악하고 프로그램에 대한 이용자의 인식과 선호, 사서의 인식을 조사하여 도서관 상주작가 문화프로그램의 운영개선 및 활성화 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위한 연구방법은 이론적 연구와 상주작가 문화프로그램 운영 현황조사, 도서관 이용자의 인식 및 선호에 대한 설문조사, 사서의 인식에 대한 인터뷰조사를 통한 실증적 연구를 병행하였다. 현황조사·설문조사·인터뷰조사는 2021년 5월부터 11월까지의 상주작가 지원사업 문화프로그램을 실시하고 있는 도서관을 대상으로 하였다. 문화프로그램의 어려움은 상주작가의 역량과 코로나로 인한 휴·재개관의 반복과 비대면 수업으로 나타났다. 프로그램 개선방안으로 상주작가와 다른 분야의 문인 초청과 문학프로그램 운영, 온라인 홍보에서 오프라인 홍보의 강화, 문화프로그램 운영의 사전교육, 사업 시작 시기 조정, 작가의 특성을 위한 교육, 이용자 연령을 고려한 진행방식, 이용자 선호프로그램, 프로그램 운영시간, 정기문화프로그램 운영, 지역특성과 프로그램의 다양성 등을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

The findings in contrastive rhetoric research of the twentieth century have shown that different cultures have different conventions in organizing written texts. These culture-related conventions were claimed to influence English texts written by L2 learners, including Asian learners of English. However, due to the massive inflow of the American culture into Asia as well as increased exposure to English in the midst of globalization of the last decade, it is quite probable that the textual gap between the native English writers and Asian EFL writers have been reduced. The present study investigates the changes that have taken place in EFL writer's knowledge of genre-specific writing over the past decade. To this aim, this study compared four sets of application essays written by four groups of applicants (1) native American applicants in 1993, (2) Korean EFL applicants in 1933, (3) native American applicants in 2003, and (4) Korean EFL applicants in 2003. The results suggested that the disparity between the Korean EFL writers' and the native English writers' texts were becoming less noticeable at the macro-level, possibly due to Korean EFL writers' enhanced textual awareness of English genre structures Pedagogical implications are discussed.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2018

It is needless to say that America's indiscriminate artillery and chemical attacks have worsened the conditions of Vietnam's tropical rain forests, causing war-torn combat troops and civilians to suffer more from the participation and aftermath of the Vietnam war. Around two decades after the Vietnam War, American and Vietnamese writers dealing with the destruction of the human and nature of the Vietnam War and the following traumatic experience commonly report the horrors of inhumane warfare, but some differences among them appear in the reception of the ecocide consciousness. For American writers who had been involuntarily involved or who had stayed in the back area as interpreters and counter-intelligence force, the Vietnam War was often a kind of exotic "addicted adventure" which their American hometown could not provide. But apart from overcoming postwar post-traumatic stress by writing of healing which was shared with American war writers, Vietnamese writers have been able to overcome the scars of war as the communal memorial, which Jonathan Shay emphasized as the necessary comforting ritual by community members showing the sign of honor and care. On the other hand, American war writers were on the side of "separate peace," as Jeong stressed, and the Vietnam War to them was more racist like the case of "body count." Nevertheless, it is fortunate that the hideous experience of war could turn them all into the creativity pool, just as the 5,000 square mile of bomb creators have been used as the postwar fish ponds.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.999-1026
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• 2010

There was a Golden Age of Fantasy novels in the United Kingdom in the 19th Century, which had the major writers, Lewis Carroll and George MacDonald. These writers pushed the boundaries of imagination and created a new world in which explore their own selves and societies. Fantasy novels flowered in the 1860s when a group of writers including Carroll and MacDonald published their works. These writers used the trait of dream framing to create their own fantasy world in which they took the action against the complicated and oppressive Victorian reality. Carroll's fantasy worlds of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass were an insane and chaotic world where the certainty of the real world was overturned. MacDonald's dream worlds of At the Back of the North Wind and the Princess books including The Princess and the Goblin and The Princess and Curdie were ideal societies in which imaginative characters could create harmony between fantasy and reality. Fantasy writers engaged in making journey to other lands to do philosophical and moral discussion critiquing Victorian society and to find insights into those problems in their works. Thus, their fantasy journey traverses time and place can produce some suggestive answers to the questions that lie in other times and realities as well as theirs.