• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.11
• /
• pp.919-926
• /
• 2014

In this paper, the effect of material properties on fracture behavior was studied using cohesive zone model and extended finite element method. The rectangular tensile specimen with a central inclined initial crack was modeled by plane stress elements. In the CZM modeling, cohesive elements were inserted between every bulk elements in the predicted crack propagation region before analysis, while in the XFEM the enrichment to the elements was added as needed during analysis. The crack propagation behavior was examined for brittle and ductile materials. For thin specimen configuration, wrinkle deformation was accounted for by geometrically nonlinear post-buckling analysis and the effect of wrinkling on the crack propagation was investigated.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2016

Deep drawing is a forming process in which a blank of sheet metal is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch and converted to required shape. Deep drawing involves complex material flow conditions and force distributions. Radial drawing stresses and tangential compressive stresses are induced in flange region due to the material retention property. These compressive stresses result in wrinkling phenomenon in flange region. Normally blank holder is applied for restricting wrinkles. Tensile stresses in radial direction initiate thinning in the wall region of cup. The thinning results into cracking or fracture. The finite element method is widely applied worldwide to simulate the deep drawing process. For real-life simulations of deep drawing process an accurate numerical model, as well as an accurate description of material behavior and contact conditions, is necessary. The finite element method is a powerful tool to predict material thinning deformations before prototypes are made. The proposed innovative methodology combines two techniques for prediction and optimization of thinning in automotive sealing cover. Taguchi design of experiments and analysis of variance has been applied to analyze the influencing process parameters on Thinning. Mathematical relations have been developed to correlate input process parameters and Thinning. Optimization problem has been formulated for thinning and Genetic Algorithm has been applied for optimization. Experimental validation of results proves the applicability of newly proposed approach. The optimized component when manufactured is observed to be safe, no thinning or fracture is observed.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.457-462
• /
• 2007

The drawbeads, which are used for controlling the flow of the sheet into die cavity by imposing the tension and for preventing the forming defects like wrinkling, springback, etc. during the sheet forming process, affect the formability strongly because of the differences in the restraint and opening forces according to the drawbead shapes and dimensions. In this study, the experimental device enabling to measure the drawbead restraining and opening forces is manufactured and the drawing forces of circular, square, and step drawbeads are measured. The drawbead restraining and opening forces of a circular drawbead are increased as its drawbead height is increased. Similarly, those of a square drawbead are increased as its height is increased and shoulder radii decreased. The drawbead forces obtained from the experiment were compared with those calculated in the numerical simulation of stamping process of automotive fender. Good agreement was found so that the experimental measurements can be used in the simulation of auto-body stamping process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.1218-1229
• /
• 1997

The diffusional-thermal instability of diffusion flames in the premixed-flame regime is studied in a constant-density two-dimensional counterflow diffusion-flame configuration, to investigate the instability mechanism by which periodic wrinkling, travelling or pulsating of the reaction sheet can occur. Attention is focused on flames with small departures of the Lewis number from unity and with small values of the stoichiometric mixture fraction, so that the premixed-flame regime can be employed for activation-energy asymptotics. Cellular patterns will occur near quasisteady extinction when the Lewis number of the more completely consumed reactant is less than a critical value( ~ =0.7). Parametric studies for the instability onset conditions show that flames with smaller values of the Lewis number and stoichiometric mixture fraction and with larger values of the Zel'dovich number tend to be more unstable. For Lewis number greater than unity, near-extinction flame are found to exhibit either travelling instability or pulsating instability.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 1988

A human case of Echinostoma cinetorchii infection was found in Seoul Paik Hospital on August, 1987. Large trematode eggs, $98.9{\times}62.7{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in average size, were detected in stool examination. The eggs had a small.sired operculum and abopercular wrinkling. After treatment with praziquantel (single dose of 16.2mg/kg) and purgation with magnesium citrate, an adult fluke was collected. It was 8.0 mm long, equipped with 37 collar spines around head crown, and had only one testis just behind the Mehlis' gland. It was identified as E. cinetorchis Ando et Ozaki, 1923. The patient is an 18-year old man residing in Seoul, and was hospitalized due to nephritis. He had eaten raw meat juice of fresh water fishes such as top minnows (Orygias Satipes) and loaches, or tadpoles, which are considered possible source of this fluke infection. This is the 4th human case of E, cineterchis infection in Korea.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.509-516
• /
• 2009

This paper is the study on improving the coefficient of utilization of material in deep drawing process. Cylindrical cup drawing process is widely used in sheet metal forming process. The blank shape is one of the important things in sheet metal forming process. It is produced for the bridge of blank in a blanking process. The coefficient of utilization of material is much effected by this bridge of blank. This study offered a new process method to reduce the loss of material. The new blank shape offered and manufactured by new process method is investigated by a finite element method and the experiment. Then the wrinkling, the punch load, the thickness distribution is observed. This result is different from the result of circular blank process. And it is got that the Max strain, the wrinkle and the height of the wrinkle are effected by the holding force and the punch load. As a result, if the processing optimum condition is found, the loss of material will be reduced. It is necessary to research systematically about determining the optimum value of process variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.577-585
• /
• 2015

We fabricated multi-scale such as macro-, micro-, and multi-scale wrinkles by using repetitive volume dividing (RVD) method and thermal curing process. Also wrinkle surface was modified with coating of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). We measured the contact angle of each wrinkled surface, and observed the behavior of droplets on sloping surface. Through experimental study, we found out that the contact angle was much higher in case of multi-scale and SAM coated wrinkles. And micro-scale wrinkle showed a high contact angle comparing with that of macro-scale wrinkle. Dynamic behaviors of a water droplet like sliding velocity on diverse wrinkled surfaces were dependent on their static contact angles. These results showed that hydro-dynamic characteristics were changed depending on the wrinkle structure and the material forming the wrinkle. These dynamic characteristics can be utilized in bio-chip, microfluidics, and many others in order to control easily chemical reactivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2011

This paper replaces a conventional austenitic stainless steel sheet to a ferritic stainless steel for the cost reduction of a pulsator cover of a washing machine. However, ferritic stainless steel has poor formability in comparison with austenitic one. The low formability of ferritic steel results in problems during stamping such as fracture, wrinkling, shape inaccuracy and so on. Design modification of the stamping tool is carried out with the aid of the finite element analysis for multistage stamping process of the pulsator cover. The simulation results show that fracture occurs on top of the product while wrinkles are generated by the excess metal near the wing part. Modification of the initial stamping die is performed to improve metal flow and to eliminate problems during the stamping process. Simulation with the modified design fully demonstrates that safe forming is possible without inferiorities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2002

This paper is the study on improving the coefficient of utilization of material in deep drawing process. Cylindrical cup drawing process is widely used in sheet metal forming process. The blank shape is one of the important things in sheet metal forming process. It is produced for the bridge of blank in a blanking process. The coefficient of utilization of material is much effected by this bridge of blank. This study offered a new process method to reduce the loss of material. The new blank shape offered and manufactured by new process method is investigated by a finite element method and the experiment. Then the wrinkling, the punch load, the thickness distribution is observed. This result is different from the result of circular blank process. And it is got that the Max strain, the wrinkle and the height of the wrinkle are effected by the holding farce and the punch load. As a result. if the processing optimum condition is found, the loss of material will be reduced. It is necessary to research systematically about determining the optimum vague of process variables.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2016

In the current study, automatic tool compensation is accomplished by using a finite element stamping analysis for a center roof rail made of UHSS in order to satisfy the specifications for shape accuracy. The initial blank shape is calculated from a finite element inverse analysis and potential forming defects such as tearing and wrinkling are determined by the finite element stamping analysis based on the initial tool shape. The blank shape is optimized to meet the shape requirements of the final product with the stamping analysis, and die compensation is determined with the information about springback. The specifications for shape accuracy were successfully achieved by the proposed die compensation scheme using the finite element stamping analysis. The current study demonstrates that the compensation tendency is similar when the proposed scheme is used or when the compensation is performed by trial and error in the press-shop. This similarity verifies that the automatic compensation scheme can be used effectively in the first stage of tool design especially for components made from UHSS.