• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 1987

Twenty eight patients with atrial septal defect operated on from May, 1983, to July, 1986 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 28 patients of atrial septal defect, 8 were male and 20 were female. Their ages ranged from 4.6 years to 52.5 years old with the mean of 15.3 years. The main clinical symptoms on admission were exertional dyspnea [82%], frequent respiratory infection [75%], palpitation [54%] and easy fatigability [25%]. Electrocardiographic findings were as follows: Regular sinus rhythm [100%], RVH [54%], RBBB [25%] and first degree of A-V block [4%]. Hemodynamic studies were performed in all cases and mean pulmonary systolic arterial pressure was 34.1*11.8mmHg. and mean Qp/Qs was 2.6*0.9. All 28 patients were operated under direct vision using extracorporeal circulation. 23 cases were secundum type defect and a single hole was found in 22 cases. The associated cardiovascular anomalies were found in 11 patients: ventricular septal defect in 3, patent ductus arteriosus in 1, partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in 2, mitral regurgitation in 2, tricuspid regurgitation in 1, anomalous left atrial septation in 1 and valvular pulmonary stenosis in 1. The defect closed directly in 22 cases and with patches in 6 cases. Postoperative complications were wound infection, arrhythmia bleeding, intracardiac patch detachment, pneumothorax and urethral injury. But there was no operative mortality.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.520-527
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• 1987

Clinical analysis was performed of 89 secundum type atrial septal defect patients operated on during the period from July, 15th, 1981 to March, 1987 in the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Pusan National University Hospital. Secundum type ASD was 2`I.0% among all of congenital heart diseases operated in the same period. The age distribution of patients ranged from 3 to 41 years and sex ratio, male to female was 1.23 to 1.0. Common symptoms were exertional dyspnea 64.0%, frequent upper respiratory infection 43.8%, cyanosis 10.1% and fatigue 7.9%. The mean value of cardiac catheterization data of the group of ASD combined with another cardiovascular anomalies was compared with that of only ASD group. The amount of shunt showed not statistically significant difference between two groups [P>0.05] but pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance of combined group was significantly higher than that of only ASD group [P<0.02, P<0.01]. The difference of mean hemodynamic data between the age group below 20 years and above 21 years was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. All cases were operated under cardiopulmonary bypass. Among these 51 were closed directly and 38 were applied Dacron patch. Two most common associated cardiac anomalies were pulmonary stenosis [8 cases, 9.0%] and VSD [8 cases, 9.0%]. The most frequent postoperative complication was wound infection, One patient died of low cardiac output on 10th postoperative day and the overall operative mortality was 1.1%

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 1983

The report is concerned to our experience of 12 cases of open heart surgery under the extracorporeal circulation at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chosun University Hospital during the period between Nov, 1979 and April, 1983. 1. There were 4 cases of congenital anomaly and 8 cases of acquired heart disease. 2. There were 6 male and 6 female patients with a mean age of 20 years. [range 9 to 33 years]. 3. The cases induced 2 ventricular septal defect, 2 atrial septal defects and 8 acquired valvular heart diseases. 4. The surgical managements were 2 primary repair for atrial septal defect and 2 patch closure for ventricular septal defect, 1 triple valve replacement [AVR MVR TVR], 1 aortic valve replacement, 4 double valve replacement [AVR MVR] and 2 open mitral commissurotomy for pure mitral stenosis. 5. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 61.5 minutes for congenital heart disease and 201.4 minutes for acquired valvular heart disease and the average aortic cross clamping time was 36.75 minutes for the former and 165.6 minutes for the latter. 6. Postoperatively, there were 1 Alopecia, 1 Electric burn and 1 wound infection as complication. 7. Overall operative mortality was 8.3%. 7. All patients received valve replacement were recommended anticoagulation with persantin.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1976

The present. study reports four cases of congenital heart diseases, who received open heart surgery by the Sarn's Heart-Lung-Machine in the department of Thoracic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital during the period between July 1975 and May 1976. The Heart-Lung-Machine consisted of the Sarn's five head roller pump motor system (model 5000), heat exchanger, bubble trap, the Rygg-Kyvsgaard oxygenator, and monitors. The priming of pump oxygenator was carried out by the hemodilution method using Hartman's solution and whole blood. Of the four cases of the heart diseases, three whose body weight were below 30kg, received the partial hemodilution priming and the remaining one whose body weight was 52kg received the total hemodilution priming with Hartman's solution alone. The rate of hemodilution was in the average of 60.5ml/kg. Extracorporeal circulation was performed at the perfusion flow rate of the average 94.0ml/kg/min, and at the moderate hypothermia between 35'5"C and 30'5"C of the rectal temperature. In the total cardiopulmonary bypass, arterial blood pressure was anged between 30 mmHg and 85 mmHg, generally maintaining over 60 mmHg and venous pressure was measured between 4 and $23cmH_2O$, generally maintaining below $10cmH_2O$. The first case: The patient, a nine year old girl having the symptoms and physical signs typical to cardiac anomaly was definitely diagnosed as isolated pulmonary stenosis through the cardiac catheterization. There was, however, no cyanosis, no pathological finding by X-ray and E.C.G. tracings. The valvulotomy was performed through the arteriotomy of pulmouary artery under the total cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, and murmur and the clinical symptoms disappeared. The second case: A 12 year old boy with congenital heart anomaly was positively identified as having ventricular septal defect through the cardiac catheterization. As in the case with the first case, the patient exhibited the symptoms and physical signs typical to cardiac anomaly, but no pathological abnormality by X-ray and E.C.G. tracings. The septal defect was localized on atrioventricular canal and was 2 by 10 mm in size. The septal defect was closed by direct simple sutures under the cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperative hemodynamic study revealed that the pressure of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery were decreased satisfactory. Postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, and murmur and the clinical symptoms disappeared. The third case: The patient, a 19 year old girl had been experienced the clinical symptoms typical to cardiac anomaly for 16 years. The pink tetralogy of Fallot was definitey diagnosed through the cardiac catheterization. The patient was placed on an ablolute bed rest prior to the operation because of severe exertional dyspnea, fatigability, and frequent syncopal attacks. However, she exhibited very slight cyanosis. Positive findings were noted on E.C.G. tracings and blood picture, but no evidence of pathological abnormality on X-ray was observed. All of the four surgical approaches such as Teflon patch closure (3 by 4cm in size) of ventricular septal defect, myocardial resection of right ventricular outflow tract, valvulotomy of pulmonary valvular stenosis, and pericardial patch closing of ventriculotomy wound were performed in 95 minutes under the cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperative hemodynamic study revealed that the pressure of the right ventricle was decreased and pulmonary artery was increased satisfactorily. Postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, and murmur and the clinical symptoms disappeared. The fourth case: The patient, a 7 1/4 year old girl had the symptoms of cardiac anomaly for only three years prior to the operation. She was positively identified as having acyanotic tetralogy of Fallot by open heart surgery. The patient showed positive findings by X-ray and E.C.G. tracings, but exhibited no cyanosis and normal blood picture. All of the three surgical approaches, such a myocardial resection of hypertrophic sight ventricular outflow tract, direct suture closing of ventricular septal defect and pericardial patch closing of ventriculotomy wound were carried out in 110 minutes under the cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperative hemodynamic study revealed that the pressure of the right ventricle was decreased and pulmonary artery was increased satisfactorily. Postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, and the symptoms disappeared.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2017

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a non-selective cation channel with modest permeability to calcium ions. It is involved in intracellular calcium signaling and is therefore important in processes such as thermal sensation, skin barrier formation, and wound healing. TRPV3 was initially proposed as a warm temperature sensor. It is activated by synthetic small-molecule chemicals and plant-derived natural compounds such as camphor and eugenol. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC) has diverse pharmacological properties including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities. It is extensively used as an oriental herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we investigated whether SC fruit extracts and seed oil, as well as four compounds isolated from the fruit can activate the TRPV3 channel. By performing whole-cell patch clamp recording in HEK293T cells overexpressing TRPV3, we found that the methanolic extract of SC fruit has an agonistic effect on the TRPV3 channel. Furthermore, electrophysiological analysis revealed that ${\gamma}$-schisandrin, one of the isolated compounds, activated TRPV3 at a concentration of $30{\mu}M$. In addition, ${\gamma}$-schisandrin (${\sim}100{\mu}M$) increased cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations by approximately 20% in response to TRPV3 activation. This is the first report to indicate that SC extract and ${\gamma}$-schisandrin can modulate the TRPV3 channel. This report also suggests a mechanism by which ${\gamma}$-schisandrin acts as a therapeutic agent against TRPV3-related diseases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.578-582
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• 2009

Purpose: In extensive deep burn of the lower limb, due to less amount of soft tissue, bone is easily exposed. When it happens, natural healing or reconstruction with skin graft only is not easy. Local flap is difficult to success, because adjacent skins are burnt or skin grafted tissues. Muscle flap or free flap are also limited and has high failure rate due to deep tissue damage. The authors acquired good outcome by performing one - stage operation on bone exposed soft tissue defect with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(LifeCell, USA), an acellular dermal matrix producted from cadaveric skin. Methods: We studied 14 bone exposed soft tissue defect patients from March 2002 to March 2009. Average age, sex, cause of burn, location of wound, duration of admission period, and postoperative complications were studied. We removed bony cortex with burring, until conforming pinpoint bone bleeding. Then rehydrated AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(25 / 1000 inches, meshed type) was applicated on wound, and thin split thickness(6 ~ 8 / 1000 inches) skin graft was done at the immediately same operative time. Results: Average age of patients was 53.6 years(25 years ~ 80 years, SD = 16.8), and 13 patients were male(male : female = 13 : 1). Flame burn was the largest number. (Flame burn 6, electric burn 3, contact burn 4, and scalding burn 1). Tibia(8) was the most affected site. (tibia 8, toe 4, malleolus 1, and metatarsal bone 1). Thin STSC with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ took without additional surgery in 12 of 14 patients. Partial graft loss was shown on four cases. Two cases were small in size under $1{\times}1cm$, easily healed with simple dressing, and other two cases needed additional surgery. But in case of additional surgery, granulation tissue has easily formed, and simple patch graft on AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ was enough. Average duration of admission period of patients without additional surgery was 15 days(13 ~ 19 days). Conclusion: AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and thin split thickness skin graft give us an advantage in short surgery time and less limitations in donor site than flap surgery. Postoperative scar is less than in conventional skin graft because of more firm restoration of dermal structure with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$. We propose that AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and thin split thickness skin graft could be a solution to bone exposured soft tissue defects in extensive deep burned patients on lower extremities, especially when adjacent tissue cannot be used for flap due to extensive burn.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2000

Background and Objectives: Various flaps are using for reconstruction of hypopharyngeal and esophageal defect. However, complication and indication of each flap are not fully analyzed. Patient and Methods: Records of 52 hypopharyngeal cancer patients who had surgical treatment and 13 other head and neck cancer patients who underwent hypopharyngeal and/or esophageal reconstruction with flap were retrospectively analyzed. Eighty three percent(54 cases) of patients needed reconstruction other than primary pharyngeal closure. Five split thickness skin graft, 1 pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, 20 forearm free flap, 13 jejunal free flap, 15 gastric pull up were used. Result: Flap failure was noted in 2 cases who had subsequent gastric transposition. Wound dehiscence and fistula were most common problem of forearm free flap. Most fistulas were developed in patients with conduit type reconstruction of forearm flap while there wasn't any fistula in patient with patch type reconstruction. Stenosis of lower anastomosis was the frequent problem of jejunal transfer. Gastric pull-up has frequent com-plication of stomal stenosis. All but three patients had reached oral feeding postoperatively. Conclusion: Based on this study, forearm flap is effective in partial hypopharyngeal defect while jejunum is the choice for circumferential defect. Gastric pull-up is for combined esophageal defect.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8917-8921
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• 2014

Objective: To observe and compare the effects of multi-patch biopsy under conventional white light imaging endoscopy (C-WLI) and precise targeted biopsy under magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy (M-NBI) on the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early gastric cancers and intraepithelial neoplasias. Methods: According to the way of selecting biopsy specimens, patients were divided into C-WLI and M-NBI groups, 20 cases. The ESD operations of the 2 groups were compared quantitively. Results: The mean frequency of biopsy in M-NBI group was ($1.00{\pm}0.00$), obviously lower than in the C-WLI group ($4.78{\pm}1.02$) (P<0.01).The average total number of selected biopsy specimens was also fewer ($1.45{\pm}0.12$ and $7.82{\pm}2.22$, respectively, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the time of determining excision extension, marking time and the time of specimen excision of 2 groups during the ESD (P>0.05), whereas submucosal injection time, mucosal dissection time, stopping bleeding time, wound processing time in the M-NBI group were significantly shorter than in the C-WLI group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Precise targeted biopsy under M-NBI can obviously shorten the time of ESD operation, with small quantity of tissues but high pathological positive rate.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.674-678
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• 1998

The conventional surgical treatment of isolated critical stenosis of the left main coronary artery restores a less physiologic perfusion of the myocardium, leads to occlusion of the left coronary ostium, and consumes an appreciable length of bypass material. From June 1994 to February 1996, eleven patients, three male and eight female, underwent patch angioplasty and additional bypass graft to left anterior descending artery (10 internal mammary artery, 1 saphenous vein) in isolated critical left main coronary artery stenosis. Their ages ranged from 34 to 62 years, mean 44 years. All had 60% to 90% stenosis of the left main coronary artery and Class III angina. The angiogram showed nine osteal lesion and three main stem stenosis. The operation was performed with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and cold blood cardioplegia. We approached anteriorly and used bovine pericardium as onlay patch in all patients. There were one leg wound dehiscence, but no operative deaths and infarctions. All patients are free of symptoms after a mean follow-up of 15.5 months. Angiographic restudy at an average 14.4 months was obtained in five patients and showed widely patent left main coronary artery with excellent runoff. But additional graft to left anterior descending coronary artery were stenosed in two patients and showed diminutive flow in others. Our preliminary results suggest that angioplasty of the left main coronary artery can be carried out with low operative risks. But additional bypass graft to left anterior descending coronary artery may be unnecessary. The technique appears to be a promising alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting in isolated left main coronary artery stenosis.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

Previously, we reported LVH peptiede derived from Aurelia aurita as cosmecetuticals with anti-winkle activity. In this study, we synthesized pal-LVH using palmitic acid to enhance skin permeability of LVH and examined the effects as cosmeceuticals of pal-LVH. To evaluate these effects, we performed cell toxicity, wound healing, and patch test for skin irritation with LVH and pal-LVH and compared these results for their effects. As a result. pal-LVH was not showed in cytotoxicity and allergenic effect like as LVH. Besides, pal-LVH had almost same excellent anti-ageing properties in high concentration and anti-winkle effect in low concentrationwas as LVH. These results suggested synthesis of palimitic acid and LVH did not affect any functions as cosmeceuticals with increasing skin permeability. Therefore, pal-LVH can be adaptable as new cosmecetuticals with anti-winkle and anti-ageing materials and applied in the development of medicine through various convergence study.