• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5628-5636
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• 2014

Currently, many countries have an interest in developing cosmetics materials using native plants. In this aspect, there is increasing need to develop cosmetics materials using native plants in our county. In the present study, calluses were induced from Artemisia annua Linne, which was highlighted because of its useful effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-fungal and anti-inflammation. Water and ethanol extractions were performed from the calluses of Artemisia annua Linne. After the mass production of Artemisia annua Linne's calluses, water and ethanol extraction was performed to examine its functional roles in healing wounds and inflammation. The differences in the effective elements were observed in the ethanol extract. The callus showed anti-inflammation activity through the suppression of the inflammation-related gene, COX-2, and ethanol extracts showed their ability to heal wounds. Overall, these results suggest that the extract of Artemisia annua Linne's calluses is a natural and environment-friendly material, and can be used as medical supplies associated with anti-inflammation and healing wounds.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2016

New tree wound-treatment formulations (WTF) were developed in this study. Stimulating effects of plant growth regulating substance on callus formation were evaluated in vivo twig disc culture of Zelkova serrata, Ziziphus jujuba, Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba. and Aesculus turbinata. Based on the evaluation, WTF were prepared with 2,4-D, NAA, and IBA using xanthan gum as an extending agent. WTF were pasted on $2{\times}10cm$ artificial wound on the stem and the effects were evaluated 12 weeks later with the thickness of new callus-tissues. The effects varied with tree species and the growth regulators. In Z. serrata and A. turbinata, 2 mg/L of 2,4-D was the best WTF. In P. koraiensis and G. biloba, 8 mg/L of NAA and 1 mg/L of IBA were the best, respectively. Callus formation was quite lower in G. biloba compared to other species. Stimulating effect of thiophanate-methyl paste was excellent only in Z. serrata and lower than certain WTF in other species. Vaseline, which was used generally as an WTF, remained longer on the wound and causing decay. From the results, it could be recommended that 2,4-D, NAA and IBA were the best WTF for Z. serrata/A. turbinata, P. koraiensis and G. biloba, respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.92-94
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• 2003

The standard cultured sheet grafts for large full-thickness burn wound has been tempered by weak points such as long culture periods, difficulty in handling the fragile sheets, high costs and the detachment of the skin cells from the culture dishes by enzymatic digestion. Here we report on a new technique of using skin cells cultured on spherical microcarriers for skin regeneration. We cultured the human skin cells on biodegradable polymer microcarriers and transplanted onto wounds in the back of nude mice. After 21 days, histological examination showed the regeneration of epithelium. The technique developed in this study overcomes the drawbacks of the current artificial skin grafts, and could be utilized as an efficient skin wound regeneration therapy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2021

Astrocytes play various important roles such as maintaining brain homeostasis, supporting neurons, and secreting inflammatory mediators to protect the brain cells. In aged subjects, astrocytes show diversely changed phenotypes and dysfunctions. But, the study of aged astrocytes or astrocytes from aged subjects is not yet sufficient to provide a comprehensive understanding of their important processes in the regulation of brain function. In this study, we induced an in vitro aged astrocyte model through late passage cultivation of rat primary cultured astrocytes. Astrocytes were cultured until passage 7 (P7) as late passage astrocytes and compared with passage 1 (P1) astrocytes as early passage astrocytes to confirm the differences in phenotypes and the effects of serial passage. In this study, we confirmed the morphological, molecular, and functional changes of late passage astrocytes showing aging phenotypes through SA-β-gal staining and measurement of nuclear size. We also observed a reduced expression of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, iNOS, and COX2, as well as dysregulation of wound-healing, phagocytosis, and mitochondrial functions such as mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Culture-conditioned media obtained from P1 astrocytes promoted neurite outgrowth in immature primary cultures of rat cortices, which is significantly reduced when we treated the immature neurons with the culture media obtained from P7 astrocytes. These results suggest that late passage astrocytes show senescent astrocyte phenotypes with functional defects, which makes it a suitable model for the study of the role of astrocyte senescence on the modulation of normal and pathological brain aging.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.229-232
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• 2016

None of the reports of delayed infection mentioned a latent period exceeding 13 months. we report an infection that developed 18 months after implantation of an absorbable plate. A 16-year-old adolescent girl had undergone reduction and fixation with an absorbable plate for Lefort I and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures 18 months prior at our hospital. In her most recent hospital visit as an outpatient, abscess was observed in periocular area. Computed tomography revealed sinusitis with an abscess above the infraorbital rim. Wound culture yielded methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Despite conservative treatments, wound state did not improve. Therefore, our department decided to perform surgery. Absorbable plate had been mostly absorbed but remained a bit. Bony depression of infraorbital rim and mucosal exposure of maxillary sinus anterior wall were observed. After the surgery, the patient recovered. We believe that the reason the wound infection and sinusitis manifested at the same time is because of several factor such as alcohol abuse, smoking, and mucosal exposure of maxillary sinus anterior wall. Absorbable plate takes 9 months to 3 years to be completely absorbed, thus we suggest studies with a follow-up of at least 3 years be undertaken to determine the outcomes of patients with many risk factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.99-113
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• 2010

The corpse make-up depending on the cause of death shown in CSI is the only evidence to solve a case, and shows the characteristics of the unique make-up on the corpse, according to the causes of death. There are many types of death causes such as strangulation, manslaughter, assassination and shooting, of which the strangulation is caused by strangling the neck with the hands or using a weapon and has characteristics of showing other external wounds with purple spots appearing on the body after death. This is a presentation of the corpse with a face of white, and the purple spots bruised on the neck. Manslaughter shows deep wounds caused by a stab or laceration using a weapon, and the material feeling of the wound that makes new skin tissue, is realistically presented with make-up of gooey blood. Assassination can be thought as manslaughter in disguise as an accidental death, which the causes can be due to electrocution, suffocation from oxygen deficiency and from excessive monoxide. The make-up is presented by realistically showing the surrounding fragments of the bullet shell, the blood running down, the size of the hole in the body made from the bullet, and shows the broken skin tissues. The shape of the bullet wound can be presented differently based on the body part where the bullet penetrated into, and the part where the bullet shot out through.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and migration of Endosequence Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer (BC Sealer) compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. Materials and Methods: BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex, and AH Plus were placed in contact with culture medium to obtain sealers extracts in dilution 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. 3T3 cells were plated and exposed to the extracts. Cell viability and migration were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Scratch assay, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Results: The MTT assay revealed greater cytotoxicity for AH Plus and MTA Fillapex at 1:1 dilution when compared to control (p < 0.05). At 1:2 and 1:4 dilutions, all sealers were similar to control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than BC Sealer (p < 0.05). Scratch assay demonstrated the continuous closure of the wound according to time. At 30 hours, the control group presented closure of the wound (p < 0.05). At 36 hours, only BC Sealer presented the closure when compared to AH Plus and MTA Fillapex (p < 0.05). At 42 hours, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex showed a wound healing (p > 0.05). Conclusions: All tested sealers demonstrated cell viability highlighting BC Sealer, which showed increased cell migration capacity suggesting that this sealer may achieve better tissue repair when compared to other tested sealers.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2004

Purpose : We analyse retrospectively the clinical result of consecutive free flap and osteocutaneous flap transfer in the chronic osteomyelitis, nonunion combined with infection and soft tissue defect with infection. Materials and Methods : From December 1989 to Jun 2003, free flap and osteocutaneous flap transfer was performed in 225 patients with osteomyelitis or infected non-union. 44 cases of these patients had revealed antibitotics resistant organism in wound culture, and these 44 cases were investigated in the mechanism of the injury, recurrence of infection, radiographic union, follow-up clincal results, and postoperative complications. Results : Among the 44 cases, consecutive procedures of osteocutaneous flap transfers(26 cases) and free flaps(18 cases) were performed. Causative organisms were MRSA(20 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(18 cases), acinetobacter(2 cases), and so forth. Initial bony union was obtained in the average 6.3 months. Recurrence of infection in free flap and osteocutaneous free flap were occurred in 3 and 4 cases respectively. Eventually, all the cases attained successful subsidence of the inflammation. Conclusion : Free flap and osteocutaneousflap transfer have provided the greatest improvement of surgical results in infected non-union, chronic osteomyelitis and soft tissue defect with infection. Further clincal studies maybe required to minimize failure rate.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2012

Background : Poststernotomy mediastinitis is a rare, but life-threatening complication, thus early diagnosis and proper management is essential for poststernotomy mediastinitis. The main treatment for mediastinitis is aggressive debridement. Several options exist for reconstruction of defects after debridement. The efficacy of immediate debridement and reconstruction with a pectoralis major muscle flap designed for the defect immediately after the diagnosis of poststernotomy mediastinitis is demonstrated. Methods : Between September 2009 and June 2011, 6 patients were referred to the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Ajou University Hospital for poststernotomy mediastinitis. All of the patients underwent extensive debridement and reconstruction with pectoralis major muscle flaps, advanced based on the pedicle of the thoracoacromial artery as soon as possible following diagnosis. A retrospective review of the 6 cases was performed to evaluate infection control, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. Results : All patients had complete wound closures and reduced severity of infections based on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels and a reduction in poststernal fluid collection on computed tomography an average of 6 days postoperatively. A lack of growth of organisms in the wound culture was demonstrated after 3 weeks. There were no major wound morbidities, such as hematomas, but one minor complication required a skin graft caused by skin flap necrosis. No patient expired after definitive surgery. Conclusions : Immediate debridement and reconstruction using a pectoralis major muscle flap is a safe technique for managing infections associated with poststernotomy mediastinitis, and is associated with minimal morbidity and mortality.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2002

Infection is one of the main causes of death in severe burn cases. Treatment of burn patient includes fluid therapy, wound care, complication care and antibiotic therapy for infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of burn patients, the type of isolated microorganisms and their susceptibility, and the systemic antibiotics used. This is a retrospective study of 126 burn patients treated in the Hanil General Hospital from January to December 2001. Total 126 patients were assessed with 103 males and 23 females (4.5:1). The average age was $34.8\pm17.6$ years and extent of burn $(TBSA\;\%)\;was\;24.5\pm18.5\%$. The burn was caused by electric accident $(47.6\%),\;flame\;(29.4\%),\;scalding\;(21.4\%),\;and\;chemical\;accident\;(1.6\%)$. The overall mortality rate was $7.14\%$ (9/126) and all expired patients were males. The average age (n=9) was $48.8\pm15.6$ yrs and the extent of burn was $65.0\pm19.0\%$. The causes of death were due to flame burns $(13.5\%)$ and electric burns $(6.7\%)$. The culture sites of the isolated microorganisms were wound $(85.3\%),\;sputum\;(9.3\%),\;urine\;(2.7\%),\;blood\;(1.3\%)\;and\;catheter\;tip\;(1.3\%)$. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly isolated organism $(35\%)$, followed by Staphylococcus aureus $(30.1\%)$, Acinetobacter baumannii $(21.4\%)$, and Enterococcus spp. $(3.9\%)$. The number of systemic antibiotics administered was 4.5. The classes of the antibiotics were cephalosporines $(38.5\%)$, aminoglycosides $(31\%)$, quinolones $(13.3\%)$, penicillins $(12.4\%)$, carbapenems $(2.4\%)$, glycopeptides $(1.9\%)$ and others $(0.6\%)$. In conclusion, most of burn patients had wound infection and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly isolated organism. Cephalosporins were administered the most frequently among antibiotics.