• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.629-632
• /
• 2013

Members of the genus Trichinella are small nematodes that can infect a wide range of animal hosts. However, their infectivity varies depending on the parasite and host species combination. In this study, we examined the susceptibility of 4 species of laboratory rodents, i.e., mice, rats, hamsters, and gerbils to Trichinella papuae, an emerging non-encapsulated Trichinella species. Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis were also included in this study for comparison. Fifteen animals of each rodent species were infected orally with 100 muscle larvae of each Trichinella species. Intestinal worm burden was determined at day 6 and 10 post-inoculation (PI). The numbers of muscle larvae were examined at day 45 PI. The reproductive capacity index (RCI) of the 3 Trichinella species in different rodent hosts was determined. By day 6 PI, 33.2-69.6% of the inoculated larvae of the 3 Trichinella species became adult worms in the small intestines of the host animals. However, in rats, more than 96% of adult worms of all 3 Trichinella species were expelled from the gut by day 10 PI. In gerbils, only 4.8-18.1% of adult worms were expelled by day 10 PI. In accordance with the intestinal worm burden and the persistence of adults, the RCI was the highest in gerbils with values of $241.5{\pm}41.0$ for T. papuae, $432.6{\pm}48$ for T. pseudospiralis, and $528.6{\pm}20.6$ for T. spiralis. Hamsters ranked second and mice ranked third in susceptibility in terms of the RCI, Rats yielded the lowest parasite RCI for all 3 Trichinella species. Gerbils may be an alternative laboratory animal for isolation and maintenance of Trichinella spp.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.767-769
• /
• 2013

Opisthorchiasis, a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in humans, is of public health importance in Thailand. The Annual Surveillance Reports from Nan and Lampang Provinces, Thailand, for the year 2011 showed an opisthorchiasis prevalence of over 70% by recovery of eggs in the feces. This study investigated whether most cases are actually due to minute intestinal flukes (MIF) rather than Opisthorchis viverrini, as the eggs of both can hardly be differentiated by morphology. Fifty and 100 cases from residents in Nan and Lampang, respectively, had stools positive for eggs initially assumed to be those of O. viverrini. Each patient was given praziquantel at 40 mg/kg in a single dose. After 2 hr, 30-45 ml of the purgative magnesium sulfate was given, and stools were collected up to 4 times sequentially. The stools were examined for adult worms by simple sedimentation. It was found that 39 of 50 cases (78.0%) from Nan Province had Haplorchis taichui, with intensities ranging from 5 to 1,250 with an average of 62 worms/case. Taenia saginata (7 cases) and Enterobius vermicularis (1 case) were other helminths recovered as the co-infectants. In Lampang Province, H. taichui was recovered from 69 cases (69.0%). The number of flukes recovered ranged from 1 to 4,277, with an average of 326 worms/case. Four cases had Phaneropsolus bonnei, and 10 T. saginata as the co-infectants. Adult specimens of O. viverrini were not recovered from any stool. Clearly, MIF infection, especially haplorchiasis, is more common in northern Thailand. These findings should encourage the Public Health Office to employ more specific tools than Kato's method for surveillance of opisthorchiasis in Thailand.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.667-671
• /
• 2017

Ocular setariases of cattle were reported but those of equine hosts have never been reported in the Republic of Korea (Korea). We found motile worms in the aqueous humor of 15 horses (Equus spp.) from 12 localities in southern parts of Korea between January 2004 and November 2017. After the affected animals were properly restrained under sedation and local anesthesia, 10 ml disposable syringe with a 16-gauge needle was inserted into the anterior chamber of the affected eye to successfully remove the parasites. The male worm that was found in 7 of the cases showed a pair of lateral appendages near the posterior terminal end of the body. The papillar arrangement was 3 pairs of precloacal, a pair of adcloacal, and 3 pairs of postcloacal papillae, plus a central papilla just in front of the cloaca. The female worms found in the eyes of 8 horses were characterized by the tapering posterior terminal end of the body with a smooth knob. Worms were all identified as Setaria digitata (von Linstow, 1906) by the morphologic characteristics using light and electron microscopic observations. This is the first blindness cases of 15 horses infected with S. digitata (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Korea.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.689-696
• /
• 2010

구간중도 절단자료는 감염 자료, 종양 발생 자료등 그 발생 시간을 정확하게 관측할 수 없는 경우에 흔히 발생되는 자료로 정확한 사건 발생 시간대신에 발생 전 마지막 관측시점과 발생 후 첫 번째 관측시점으로 구성된다. 이러한 종류의 자료는 Sun (2006)에 의해 자세하게 논의되었으며 관측 개체간의 독립성 가정 하에서 여러 가지 방법들에 의해 분석되어져 왔다. 본 논문에서는 관측 개체들이 군집으로부터 발생하여 더 이상독립성 가정이 적절하지 못한 경우를 고려한다. 특히 반응변수인 사건 발생 시간이 군집의 크기와 연관되어 있을 때, 이를 고려하기 위한 결합 모형을 제시한다. 제안된 모형은 림프계 필라리아병의 실제 자료에 적용한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.375-383
• /
• 2011

In the previous report, we have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rc, one of major ginsenosides, is a major component for the restoration for normal growth of worms in cholesterol-deprived medium. In the present study, we further investigated the roles of minor ginsenosides, such as ginsenoside $Rh_1$ and $Rh_2$, ginsenoside metabolites such as compound K (CK), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and protopanaxatriol (PPT) and ginsenoside epimers such as 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ in cholesterol-deprived medium. We found that ginsenoside $Rh_1$ almost restored normal growth of worms in cholesterol-deprived medium in F1 generation. However, supplement of ginsenoside $Rh_2$ caused a suppression of worm growths in cholesterol-deprived medium. In addition, CK and PPD also slightly restored normal growth of worms in cholesterol-deprived medium but PPT not. In experiments using ginsenoside epimers, supplement of 20(S)- but not 20(R)-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ in cholesterol-deprived medium also almost restored worm growth. These results indicate that the absence or presence of carbohydrate component at backbone of ginsenoside, the number of carbohydrate attached at carbon-3, and the position of hydroxyl group at carbon-20 of ginsenoside might plays important roles in restoration of worm growth in cholesterol-deprived medium.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 1985

프라지관텐 투여가 흰쥐체내에서 Fibricola seoulensis에 미치는 영향을 광학 및 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 피낭유충은 뱀의 내장에서 분리한 것을 사용하였고 5마리의 비투약대조군 및 10마리의 투약군 횐쥐에 각각 1,000개씩을 경구감염시켰다. 감염 7일후 투약군 횐쥐에 10mg/kg의 프라지관텔을 투여하고 1∼24시간후 횐쥐를 회생시킨 다음 소장으로부터 충체를 수집하여 대조군으로부터 얻은 충체와 비교관찰하였다. 투약군에서 얻은 F. seoulensis충체는 광학현미경적 관찰에서 충체특히 전반부의 수축 및 잇달은 이완, 표피 및 표피하 실질조직의 공포화(vacuolization) 및 장관의 내공폐쇄 등이 특징적으로 관찰되었다. 주사전자현미경적인 충체 표피의 변화는 많은 수포형성(blob formation) 및 파열과 이에 따른 충체 전표피의 파괴로 특징지을 수 있었다. 이런 결과는 프라지관텔에 의한 충체의 손상이 표피에 심하게 나타나지만 표피에 한정되지 않고 표피하층까지도 파급되며 또 장관에도 뚜렷한 손상이 오는 것을 나타내고 있었다. 이런 점으로 보아 충체에 의한 프라지관텔의 흡수는 표피 뿐만 아니고 소화관을 통해서도 일어남을 의미하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.277-280
• /
• 1994

폐흡충의 피낭유충이 종숙주에 도입되면 십이지장에서 탈낭하여 장벽을 통과하고. 복강과 흉강을 돌아다닌 후 8주일이면 성충으로 발육한다. 이 연구에서는 종숙주에서 발육중인 폐흡충 발육단계의 어느 시기까지 종숙주에 대한 감염력을 유지하는지를 관찰하였다. 가재에서 분리한 폐흡충 피낭유충을 고양이에 경구감염(경구감염) 시키고 3일 7일, 10일, 14일, 21일 및 28일 후 각 발육단계의 충페론 얻었다. 그리고 각 단계를 고양이에 다시 경구감염시킨 다음 1-12주일 후 고양이를 해부하여 감염 여부를 조사하였다. 종숙주에서 3일간 발육한 충체와 7일간 발육한 충체를 경구감염시킨 고양이에서 각각 투여 충체수의 31.4% 및 22.6%를 검출하였다. 종숙주에서 10일, 14일, 21일, 28일간 성장 발육한 충체를 경구감염시킨 고양이에서는 감염충체를 발견할 수 없었다. 이상의 결과 종숙주에서 최소한 7일간 발육한 폐흡충의 유충은 다시 종숙주를 감염시킬 수 있는 능력을 지니고 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.589-594
• /
• 1998

The in vitro screening tests against the in vitro cultivated $L_3$ of Ascaris suum (in vitro $L_3$), which were cultivated from the embryonated egg to third-stage larva on 7 days in culture(DIC) and the in vivo rat's lung-derived $L_3$ of Ascaris suum (in vivo $L_3$), which were recovered from the lungs of rat on 7 days after infection, carried out in order to compare the anthelmintic efficacy of in vitro $L_3$ and that of in vivo $L_3$ in RPMI medium 1640 with 5% bovine calf serum. And also a screening test of efficacy against adult worms of Trichuris suis performed. The efficacies of screening tests were as follows : 1. The screening efficacies of abamectin and ivermectin against the in vitro $L_3$ were all 100% at the 10ppm concentration in RPMI medium 1640 on 5 DIC. 2. The screening efficacies of abamectin and ivermectin against the in vivo $L_3$ were all 100% at the 20ppm on 5 DIC or at 40ppm on 3 DIC. 3. The screening efficacies of abamectin and ivermectin against the adult worms of Trichuris suis were all 100% at 20ppm on 4 DIC. And therefore, the in vitro cultivated $L_3$ of Ascaris suum were used in the screening test as well as the in vivo rat's lung-derived $L_3$ of Ascaris suum. And also the adult worms such as Trichuris suis and filaroids which is small size and difficult to cultivate to vitro, were used in the screening test in vitro.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2003

The infection characteristics with scuticociliates at on-land rearing farms and hatcheries of flounder, Paralithys olivaceus was investigated during the year of 2001 by juvenile infection routes. When culture tanks for living food organisms such as chlorella, rotifer, and Artemia were searched, scuticocilates were detected both in live and dead rotifer, and at the dregs of culture tank bottoms at almost hatcheries. When rotifer infected with scuticocilates fed on fish larvae, lots of scuticocilate were inhabited at the bottom of fry rearing tanks. After feeding on scuticocilates-infected rotifer on fish larvae, first infection was detected at 10 days after bottom dwelling or 40 days old after hatching. By histopathological examination we confirmed the infection route of eyeball or brain contamination was that the ciliate worms digged through mouth and front part of the dosal fin cuticle, transferred into eyeball along the epithelium and muscle tissue, and reached finally into brain by the muscle and nerve tissue. The infection of internal organs was clarified into two routes. The first route was started from the infection at ventral and anal fin rays by the worms, and reached at the anus and rectum through the epithelium and muscle tissue. The second route was initiated from the infection at urinary organ and reached into the rectum epithelium cells, inner wall of intestine, abdominal cavity, pancreas, kidney, and pancreas. At seed production farms where fish larvae fed on scuticocilate-free rotifer, the worms were not detected not only at the food organisms culture tanks and juvenile rearing tanks but also larval flounder less than 7cm in total length.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1997

저자들은 1996년 7월에 강원도 춘천지역에서 농사업을 하는 60세 남자의 좌측 안결막에서 총 10마리의 유백색 선충을 적출하였다. 적출된 충체를 형태학적으로 관찰한 결과 Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910으로 동정하였으며 , 그 성적은 다음과 같다. 관찰된 유백 색의 충체는 암놈 7마리, 숫놈 3마리였으며 충체의 크기는 암놈 11.91~12.77 $\times$ 0.25~0.26 mm, 숫놈 8.83~9.32 $\times$ 0.24~0.25 mm 였다. 암놈과 숫놈의 구강 깊이는 각각 0.023~0.026, 0.022~0.023 mm이고, 충체 전단에서 식도-장 접합부까지의 길이는 각각 0.58~0.60, 0.56~0.58 mm이었다. 표피소극의 배열은 전단부위에서 mm당 260~290열이고 중앙부위에서 mm당 203~207열 정도의 갯수가 관찰되었다. 그리고 암놈의 자궁내에는 coil상의 성숙된 유충이 관찰되었고 숫놈의 배설강구 전방의 유두수는 8쌍이었다. 이상과 같이 암수 충체에 대한 형태특징을 분석한 결과 Thelazia callipaeda로 동정되었다.