• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.103-118
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• 2021

For management and preservation measures of lava tube, it is studied how the blasting vibration by constructions near Geomunoreum lava tubes in Jeju affect lava tube. 11 boreholes were drilled in study area, and in-situ blasting tests were conducted by changing from 0.5 kg to 10 kg charge per delay in those boreholes. The vibration velocity, which meets the regulatory vibration criterion during daytime, was estimated as below 0.276 cm/sec by analyzing the relationship between vibration velocity and vibration level. In addition, SRE and CRE were calculated from the results of in-situ blasting tests, and k-values were shown as 130.04 in SRE, 199.71 in CRE, respectively. Also, n-values were shown as -1.717 in SRE, -1.711 in CRE, respectively. Charge per delay were assessed based on these equations, and charges per delay had ranges of 0.57~7.42 kg/delay in estimation equation of vibration velocity, 0.21~5.29 kg/delay in SRE, and 0.04~5.51 kg/delay in CRE, considering the 0.2 kine vibration criterion for cultural heritage and the 20~100 m distance from vibration source. Additionally, the relationships which meet the criteria of 0.2 kine, were calculated by combining CRE in this study with the result of previous study. Allowable charges per delay, which meet the criteria of 0.2 kine, were evaluated as 1.07 kg/delay in 50 m, 5.13 kg/delay in 100 m and 22.26 kg/delay in 200 m distances. These relationships for each vibration velocity are useful to deduce charge per delay for the ground near Geomunoreum lava tube.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the users' behaviors and to suggest development strategies in Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta) eco-forest(UKPEF), which is located in Kyeongbuk. The data were collected by interviewing 122 visitors to september 3 from august 29, 2007 with a constructed questionnaire. The results of the analysis are as follows. 1. The major visitors of UKPEF are male and the age between 20 to 30, the residents of the Uljin county with relatively high academic background. 2. The motive of visiting UKPEF is mainly by the beauty and taste of Kumgang pine tree and the condition of the forest. The visitors are mainly composed of family, not big group. 3. The visitors of UKPEF have obtained information about the Kumgang fine tree forest mainly from friends, not from the internet or travel agency. 4. The visitors of UKPEF pointed out lack of convenient facilities such as toilets and water-supply facilities. However, visitors are satisfied by the condition of the forest. 5. The visitors of UKPEF set a high value on Kumgang fine tree, So, more active marketing strategy about Uljin Kumgang pine tree has to be established. 6. The visitors of UKPEF are more satisfied by the Uljin Kumgang pine tree forest than expected. The development strategies of UKPEF are suggest as follows. (1) Auto tram system has to be set up and new trail should be constructed to attract more visitors and people of other regions. (2) To attract group tourists, new program should be developed. (3) Advertisement through internet or travel agency has to be developed. (4) Government(local) should make a plan to register the forest as World natural heritage. (5) Monitoring and evaluation system has to be developed to satisfy tourists. In conclusion, the efforts of taking care of and preserving the UKPEF should be made at the national level. I hope that more Koreans can have chance to feel and experience the value and excellence ofthe Uljin Kumgang pine tree(Pinus densiflora for. erecta)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.302-314
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• 2023

This study aims to explore the direction for Korea's effective response to Target 3 (30by30), which can be said to be the core of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (K-M GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to find the direction of systematic OECM (Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures) discovery at the national level through a survey of global conceptual review and expert perception of OECM. This study examined ① the use of Korean terms related to OECM, ② derivation of determining criteria reflecting global standards, ③ deriving types of potential OECM candidates in Korea, and ④ considerations for OECM identification and reporting to explore the direction for identifying systematic, national-level OECM that complies with global standards and reflects the Korean context. First, there was consensus for using Korean terminology that reflects the concept of OECM rather than simple translations, and it was determined that "nature coexistence area" was the most preferred term (12 people) and had the same context as CBD 2050 Vision of "a world of living in harmony with nature." This study suggests utilizing four criteria (1. No protected areas, 2. Geographic boundaries, 3. Governance/management, and 4. Biodiversity value) that reflect OECM's core characteristics in the first-stage selection process, carrying out the consensus-building process (stage 2) with the relevant agencies, and adding two criteria (3-1 Effectiveness and sustainability of governance and management and 4-1 Long-term conservation) and performing the in-depth diagnosis in stage 3 (full assessment for reporting). The 28 types examined in this study were generally compatible with OECMs (4.45-6.21/7 points, mean 5.24). In particular, the "Conservation Properties (6.21 points)" and "Conservation Agreements (6.07 points)", which are controlled by National Nature Trust, are shown to be the most in line with the OECM concept. They were followed by "Buffer zone of World Natural Heritage (5.77 points)", "Temple Forest (5.73 points)", "Green-belt (Restricted development zones, 5.63 points)", "DMZ (5.60 points)", and "Buffer zone of biosphere reserve (5.50 point)" to have high potential. In the case of "Uninhabited Islands under Absolute Conservation", the response that they conformed to the protected areas (5.83/7 points) was higher than the OECM compatibility (5.52/7 points), it is determined that in the future, it would be preferable to promote the listing of absolute unprotected islands in the Korea Database on Protected Areas (KDPA) along with their surrounding waters (1 km). Based on the results of a global OECM standard review and expert perception survey, 10 items were suggested as considerations when identifying OECM in the Korean context. In the future, continuous research is needed to identify the potential OECMs through site-level assessment regarding these considerations and establish an effective in-situ conservation system at the national level by linking existing protected area systems and identified OECMs.