• 농촌계획
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2002

The condition and management of land resources has become an increasing matter of concern in recent years, because of the pressure placed upon land for agricultural use by expanding populations and economic development. Pressures upon land quality can lead to various forms of land degradation, such as in soil erosion, soil fertility decline, adverse changes in water resources, salinization of irrigated areas, or decline in the biological condition of forests or rangelands. In 1992, World Bank estimates that the cost of degraded areas has been estimated as 10-50 times higher than that of measures to prevent degradation. Based upon a survey interviewed with people living in rural areas, the present study argue that it is important to establish policies for preventing changes in agricultural land use, to provide early warning of adverse trends and identification of problem areas. The present study also stresses that stewardship of agricultural land resources plays a leading role in achieving sustainable rural development not to mention agricultural and forestry production.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate several aspects of eating out behavior especially in relation to food waste. The data were collected from 620 housewives in Jeonbuk area but, except for 134 case not eating out . The 66.9% of subjects ate eating out 1 to 2 times monthly. The younger in age, higher in education level and employed housewives, higher in monthly income have a more increase in eating out frequency. In the 50.8% of subjects food rest was rare when eating out. The higher in educational level and higher in monthly income have an inclination to more food waste. The 51.4% of subjects don't know [Good Menu System]. We housewives should order a planned and moderate food amount when eating out, and make an effort normally anywhere for the reduction of food waste, and then the wasted food and food rubbish will be reduced. Besides this, the restaurants should practice [Food Bank] & [Good Menu System] and the academic world should make further researches on this field. Moreover the government administration should enlighten the people and have a public information for the more reasonable food culture.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

최근 기상이변에 의해 대형 태풍과 집중 호우가 발생하게 되었고, 이로 인한 이상 홍수로 인해 제방 붕괴를 일으켜 인근지역에 직접적인 큰 재산피해와 인명피해를 가져오게 되는 일이 적지 않다. 본 논문에서는 하천제방 단면의 주요 특성치인 제방 둑마루 폭, 비탈면 경사도, 제방 높이의 변화에 따른 수치해석을 실시하였고, 유출부 동수경사를 분석하여 제방에 대한 안정성 검토를 실시하였다. 그 결과 비탈면 경사의 확대가 둑 마루폭 증가보다 유출부 영역에서의 동수경사 감소 효과를 더 크게 나타나는 것으로 평가되었다. 즉, 하천 제방 설계 및 보강 시 비탈면 경사의 확대가 둑 마루폭 증가보다 더 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2018

This research aims to evaluate the current state of technology of enterprises in Vietnam in comparison with several countries in the AEC economic community, thereby to propose several recommendations to Vietnamese enterprises in order able to promote technology innovation activities, create competitiveness with enterprises in the region. Qualitative research methods are used through statistics and comparative descriptions from data collected from various sources: WEF, World Bank, CIEM, General Statistic Office. The study results show that Vietnamese enterprises still have many limitations in technology, originated from their small business scale (capital and labor), the current research capacity is still low, the funding for this activity is not high and the accessibility of the capital is still difficult. According to the Global Competitiveness Index, Vietnam's science and technology indexes are low compared to other AEC-developed countries including the availability of the latest technology; the acquisition of technology at the enterprise level; the capacity of improvement; quality of scientific research organizations..., which shall be a major barrier for Vietnamese enterprises to have to overcome to be able to create the competitiveness when entering the global market. From then on, the authors proposed solutions for two subjects, enterprises and government, to help Vietnamese enterprises to overcome this barrier.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2020

This study explores the effect of trade of Information Communications Technology (ICT) products and government's role, measured by three factors: Control of corruption, Government effectiveness, and Administrative tax level, on raising the economy across the East Asia-Pacific region. Secondary data were collected from the World Bank database of 21 countries over 12 years from 2006 to 2017. Applying the Panel corrected standard error model and running a robustness check based on the Dynamic panel data method, this research found that the exported ICT products, control of corruption, and government effectiveness could increase the economic income of a country in the region. The paper also provided the evidence indicating that the imported ICT products and the Administrative tax level are two harmful factors for economic growth. The major finding confirmed the useful contribution on improving government quality and its economy. First, improving the economy of a country always poses various challenges to its government. During the past decades, although much of the literature confirmed that exporting ICT products could promote an economy, very few studies investigated the role of Administrative tax level and the Government effectiveness. Second, there are only a few studies exploring the capability of government and the economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2020

The study assesses the impact of trade liberalization factors on changes in customs revenues in Vietnam. Research data was conducted between 2002 and 2017 on the official website of the Government's Web Portal and The World Bank. This paper uses the vector error correction model to estimate the short-term and long term relationship between data series. The results have proven that tariff reductions have a positive effect on short-term and long-term customs revenues in Vietnam. However, the implementation of other international commitments on trade liberalization has positive short-term and long-term negative impacts on customs revenues in Vietnam. The study's results also show that exchange rate has no effect on changes in customs revenues in the short term but it has a strong impact on increasing customs revenues in the long run. Based on these findings, the article also suggests a number of policies to ensure customs revenues in Vietnam in future. In order to ensure customs revenues, the government of Vietnam should: (1) having some policy to improve the efficiency of customs management in Vietnam; (2) Building appropriate VND exchange rate policy; (3) Establishing reasonable non - tariff barriers to prevent fraud and ovations cause losses in customs revenues.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internationalization on the business performance of firms in Laos as a transition economy. Using a panel dataset collected by the World Bank for 285 firms during the period 2009, 2012, and 2016 in the service and manufacturing industries, the two-steps Heckman regression results found robust evidence for the fact that the S-curve tie exists between the degree of internationalization and business performance of firms in Laos while controlling other factors. Specifically, if firms have a degree of internationalization lower than 0.4374, they will suffer losses due to the high cost of preparing for phase 1 which is market penetration. Then, when the degree of internationalization continues to increase from 0.4374 to 0.9131, firms will gain benefits from internationalization (phase 2), however, these benefits will deteriorate when the degree of internationalization is greater than 0.9131 (phase 3), meaning that firms will no longer be able to exploit economies of scale or advantages in target markets, or product cycles will fall into a state of decline. Interestingly, we also found that firms with a high concentration level of ownership and internationalization activities may achieve better performance than those with a low concentration of ownership and one which carried out internationalization activities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.581-589
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• 2020

Foreign factors play an important role in the socio-economic development of each country, in which foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aid and exports of goods and services are always given top priority in undeveloped countries as well as developing countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the various factors such as FDI, foreign aid, exports and economic growth in Vietnam. The empirical method employed secondary time-series data set during the period 1997-2018 to determine the impact of FDI, foreign aid and exports on economic growth in Vietnam by using a linear approach. For this study, data is collected from the World Bank and relevant agencies in Vietnam. An empirical model is built with a correlation and regression analysis between economic growth (GDP, current) and three independent variables (FDI, aid, exports of goods and services). The results show that the relationship between FDI (net inflows), aid, exports and GDP (current) has a positive effect at a 1% significance level. Based on these findings, the article recommends that Vietnam continues to seek effective solutions to maintain high economic growth rates by attracting FDI inflows, official development assistance (ODA), and increasing exports of goods and services.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제44권
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• pp.117-145
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• 2001

This paper attempts to assess the impact and implication of globalization on social welfare in Korea. It is no easy task to give an exact definition of globalization and the concept has been used in many different senses, that is, economic, social, cultural, political globalization. In particular, the meaning of globalization is connected to the rise and expansion of neo-liberalism. Globalization tends to undermine national welfare systems by the social dumping, race to the bottom, privatization of social services, labor market flexibility. On the other hand, in many studies the negative impact of globalization on social welfare has been questioned. Instead of end or erosion of the welfare systems, it is emphasized that competitiveness and welfare may go hand in hand. We investigate the question what and how the social welfare system in Korea has been changed in globalization process. In order to answer, this paper examines the changes in welfare ideology, welfare programs, social stratification level after economic crisis. The result of analysis is that in contrast to globalist expectations which is to retrench social welfare, paradoxically, the welfare system in Korea has been reinforced in globalization process. Therefore, the alleged impact of globalization on social welfare will be independent on the structure of domestic institution, political legacies, and on the socialization of global politics such as IMF, World Bank, ILO, UNDP, etc., on the welfare politics of stakeholders in national state.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2013

Agricultural practice and improper waste disposal in developing regions have resulted in environmental degradation in land and waters, for which low-cost, proven solutions are needed. We demonstrate in the laboratory the applications of composting and trickling filter techniques to treat olive mill wastes that can be implemented in the West Bank and other regions of the world. To a pomace waste sample from a California mill, we amended with saw dust (wood carbon source) and baking soda ($NaHCO_3$ alkalinity) at weight ratios of waste/wood/$NaHCO_3$ at 70:27:1 and composted it for periods of 11 and 48 days; the compost was used as an additive to potting soil for transplanting. The pomace sample was also blended into slurry and introduced to a water-circulating pond and trickling filter system (P/TF) to examine any inhibitive effect of the pomace on biological removal of the organic waste. The results showed the compost-amended potting soil supported plant growth without noticeable stress over 34 days and the P/TF system removed BOD and COD by >90% from the waste liquid within 2 days, with a first-order rate constant of 1.9 $d^{-1}$ in the pond. An onsite treatment design is proposed that promises implementation for agricultural waste disposal in developing regions.