• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.129-164
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• 2017

This article is an exploratory study on the recent growth of short-hours part-time work in Korea. The short-hours part-time work has been rapidly growing among low-educated women over sixty, particularly among bereaved or divorced women, contrary to the expectation of the government that encouraged the part-time work by means of work-family balance for working mothers or middle-aged women who experienced career interruption. The short-hours part-time jobs are concentrated in social service industry, mostly elderly care service jobs, and their working conditions are extremely poor, mostly low-wage jobs with no social insurances except for health insurance. In this study, we discuss why the short-hours part-time work has grown so fast in Korea since the mid 2000s. Using various governmental statistics, we examine the effects of the labor demand and supply situations during the time period, the legal context that is related with the exempt clause of the labor law, and the institutional context related with the government's public job creation projects for the elderly. We suggest some public policies needed to slow down the growth of the short-hours part-time jobs and to elevate their working conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.3 s.9
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

This study was carried out to examine the level and relevant factors of influencing quality of lift of Hair Designer and to provide basic data to prepare intervention program for them. The data were collected from 733 Hair Designer who worked in beauty shops located in big and small cities including Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Daejon, Gwangju, Gyeongju, Changwon, Andong, using self-administered questionnaire for four months from February to June 2005. The results of this study show that the level of quality of life of Hair Designer are lower than one of workers in other jobs. Particularly, there is a close relationship quality of life, and that the lower the income and the shorter working hours, the lower the level of quality of life. Thus, the health promotion and education program to improve the quality of life of Hair Designer should be developed considering working conditions.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.149-162
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• 2007

A questionnaire was distributed to 102 teachers who worked in non-profit, for-profit and company-operated child care centers. The relationships of demographic, work conditions, and social support variables were examined by correlation, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regressions. Results showed that working hours, salary and social support were the most important factors influencing emotional exhaustion. Higher levels of burnout were found among teachers of infants and toddlers who worked for more than 12 hours on average, teachers with lower salary, and those with a lower level of social support. Results in general indicated that shorter working hours was a very important variable for reduction in burnout among teachers of infants and toddlers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 1994

The effect of dietary factors on the self-reported symptoms of fatigue were surveyed by the interviewing method among 119 taxi drivers in Cheonan area. It was shown that 86.5% of them were working over 11 hours a day and 34.4% of them over 16 hours. the level of job satisfaction was very low. Many of them felt fatigue during driving. Some symptoms of fatigue which many taxi drives said to be suffered from were headache physical exhaustion nervousness tired and sore eyes and anorexia. When related variables to the self-reported symptoms of fatigue were analyzed daily sleeping hours and exercise were significantly correlated with physical mental and neuro-motor fatigue, Subjects who had meals irregularly were greater than those who had regularly. In addition they tended to eat faster during working and 28.6% of them seldom had breakfast. Subjects who had meals irregularly consumed significantly less fat iron calcium vitamin A, and riboflavin. A and riboflavin and niacin than those who skipped it.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.48
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• pp.253-262
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to suggest prevention methods for the health of VDT workers by an ergonomic survey and analysis of body discomfort. Totally 150 VDT workers(male; 78, female; 72) were investigated with questionnaire. From the results of survey, average of the subjects age was 28.5 years(male; 29.7, female; 27.2), average working period was 5.4 years(male; 5.2, female; 5.6), average VDT working hours was 6.3 hours(male; 6.2, female; 6.4) and workers who answered that they use VDT for more than 5 hours a day were over 79%. Among the questionnaires 10.7% and 7.3% of VDT workers complained the discomfort of their neck and lower back, respectively. VDT workers responded that the height of chair, keyboard and computer monitor were the main reasons for feeling discomfort. The results suggest that the VDT syndrome prevention program should be developed for safety and health of the VDT workers.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.31-68
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• 2017

This study examined the moonlighting behavior in Korea, to which relatively less attention has been paid. Based on the wage earners of 25 to 65 year old married, the results show that about 1.4% of the sample have dual jobs, working very long hours, on average 60 hours for a week combining both the primary job and the secondary job. The results of the fixed effects logit model on the moonlighting participation indicate that the wage rate and the hours of work in the primary job have a negative effect on moonlighting participation while the insecurity of the primary job appears to lead to a higher probability of taking a secondary job. The results of the moonlighting hours analysis suggest that hours worked in the primary job have a negative effect on moonlight hours while the wage of the primary job does not appear to have any significant effect on moonlighting hours. Interestingly enough, the wage of the secondary job appears to have a negative impact on moonlighting hours, which might be very plausible considering the long working hours moonlighters are engaged in.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1996

The experiment was conducted to reduce the labor and production cost with the labor save of harvest in cultivating the onion using the machine and the results are as follows. On labor saving effect in transparent vinyl mulching, digging working hours per 10a in the case of using tractor are 55 min., fixing + turning time is 11 min.,the time of harvest is 66 min, digging working hours using cultivator are 90 min. and fixing + turning time is 9 min., but the time of hand harvesting is 693 min and 41 sec. and in digging labor saving effect, tractor shows 90% in the harvesting period and harvest by cultivator 86%. On nonmulching cases, the harvest by tractor takes 44 min. and that by cultivator does 75 min, and digging labor saving effect shows 93.6% in the tractor harvest and 89% in the cultivator harvest. Therefore, on the operation efficiency per hour, in the case of tractor with digger vinyl mulching and nonmulching show $0.091\sim0.136ha$ and in the case of cultivator with digger-both show $0.061\sim0.08ha$, but in the case of hand harvest, vinyl mulching and nonmulching are $0.008\sim0.009ha$, so in the mechanized harvest of onion, the harvest by tractor with digger is the best. On the cost and labor save for harvesting the onion with labor saving effect, tractor shows 19 hours and 26min./10a in vinyl mulching and 18 hours and 54min./10a in nonmulching, so it shows the short hours for harvesting. And labor saving effect shows 37% in comparison with 29 hours and 49 min. $\sim30$ hours and 38 min.($110,587\sim113,925won$) of the hand harvest, so the cost was reduced to $69,525\sim72,225won$. On the cultivator with diggers, vinyl mulching takes 19 hours and 49 min and nonmulching 20 hours and 2 min., so the labor saving effect and cost were reduced to $32\sim36%$($73,087\sim75,075$ won) in comparison with the hand harvest.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 1995

The experiment is conducted to reduce the labor and production cost with the labor save of harvest if cultivating the potatoes using the machine and the results are as follows. On labor saving effect in transparent vinyl mulching, digging working hours per 10a in the case of using tractor are 60 min., fixing + turning time is 5 min. and 30sec., the time of harvest is 65 min and 30sec., digging working hours using cultivator are 99 min. and fixing +turning time is 5 min. and 30sec., but the time of hand harvesting is 990 min. and in digging labor saving effect, tractor shows 94% in the harvesting period and harvest by cultivator 90%. On non mulching cases, the harvest by tractor takes 49 min. and 30 sec. and that by cultivator does 87 min. and 30 sec., and digging labor saving effect shows 94% in the tractor harvest and 90% in the cultivator harvest. Therefore, on the operation efficiency per hour, in the case of tractor with digger vinyl mulching and non mulching show, $0.091\sim0.121ha$ and in the case of cultivator with digger both show $0.057\sim0.069ha$, so in the mechanized harvest of potatoes, the harvest by tractor with digger is the best. On the cost and labor save for harvesting the potatoes with labor saving effect, tractor shows 19 hours and 20 min./10a in vinyl mulching and 19 hours. and 54 min./10a in non mulching, so it shows the short hours for harvesting. And labor saving effect shows $42\sim45%$ in comparison with 35 hours and 21 min. $\sim35$ hours and 23 min.($123,113\sim130,613$ won) of the hand harvest, so the cost was reduced to $71,250\sim72,225$ won. On the cultivator with diggers, vinyl mulching takes 19 hours and 55 min. and non mulching 19 hours and 38 min., so the labor saving effect and cost were reduced to $14\sim44%$ ($72,675\sim73,313$ won) in comparison with the hand harvest.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.142-151
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• 2007

The rock excavation work on the sea is planned as underwater process if the elevation of the rock is lower than the M.S.L.(Mean Sea Level). However, in case of West and South sea which are largely different between the rise and fall of the tide, the earth work can be performed on the ground while the work surface is exposed above the sea according to the tide cycle. Thus, it may a good substitute to make up for shortcomings of underwater construction works such as safety problems of workers, loss of efficiency and increasement of construction costs. But the difference between the height of the rock excavation surface and the water surface changed by the tide makes the exposure time of work surface, that is the possible working hours be changed. Also, it may cause the changes of construction cost. Thus, this study analyzes the economical efficiency of the construction method using the difference between the rise and fall of the tide in comparison with the construction method which is performed under the sea, and it also suggests the way to analyze the economical working hours by estimating the possible working hours on the ground. We also try to find out the application possibility of the way like the rock excavation work on the sea using the difference between rise and fall of the tide.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop an office chair enabling to keep working at reclined sitting posture. Background: Sedentary workers are supposed to change the posture frequently during long hours of sitting. A reclined sitting position has been recommended to reduce disc pressure. But slumped sitting posture caused by the buttock sliding forward without any adjustment of back reclining is commonly observed. The worker seems to have tendency to change the sitting posture maintaining working condition. We assumed the reason to be their hands movement away from the working space when tilting backward. Method: Slide mechanism allowing seat to move forward was designed to maintain the hand position in working space during reclining. A prototype was manufactured and tilting motion was analyzed using motion capture system. Four experiment chairs were tested including the manufactured prototype chair and three other commercial chairs. Results: A backward movements of the hand position were 13.0mm, 101.7mm, 156.1mm and 139.3mm at the prototype chair, compared to chair B, chair C and chair D, respectively. And the movement was remarkably small at the prototype chair. Conclusion: The developed seat sliding chair allows back tilting maintaining hand position at working space. We expect the user tilting back more often than normal tilting chair during seated work. But further investigation is required to figure out the effectiveness of the developed chair using prolonged working hours. Application: The developed office chair directly affects commercialization.