• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment effectiveness of TENS and bite plane for bruxism and TMJ dysfunction patients. The electromyograms were made on males aged 23 to 25 with sound stomatognathic system, 5 males bruxism aged 24 to 27, and 1 male and 4 females TMJ dysfunction patients (right TMJ pain) aged 14 to 33. The electromyographic study was limited to the middle of masseter muscle and anterior temporal muscle. The electromyographic study was carried out with 8-channel EM2 (Myotronics Research Inc.) and was taken 5 mandibular positions of clinical rest position, clench intercuspal position, clench protruded, cluch right, clench left. The 2 pairs of surface electrodes were used exactly, with the ear lobe as reference point. The recording were subjected to determine the mean voltage. The results were as follows; 1. In the clinical rest position, the muscle activities of bruxism and TMJ dysfunction patients were higher than those of normal at the before treatment, but that were lower or similar to those of normal at the TENS after and after bite plane wearing. 2. In the clench I.C.P., the muscle activities of TMJ dysfunction patients were decreased as the order of the before treatment, after TENS, after occlusal bite plane wearing, but those of bruxism were irregular. 3. In the clench right and the clench left, the muscle activities of the middle of masseter muscle of the non-working side of bruxism were higher than those of the working side at the before treatment and after TENS, but the muscle activities of after occlusal bite plane wearing were similar to those of the normal. 4. In the clench right and the clench left, the muscle activities of the middle of masseter muscle and anterior temporal muscle of the working side of TMJ dysfunction patients were higher than those of non-working side as like the normal at the before treatment, after TENS, and after occlusal bite plane wearing.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.149-165
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• 2002

Objective : We proposed fundmental rules of prospective on legal and institutional position and role of Korean medicine doctors working at public health center. Methods : By the result of this research on the current situation, the grade and allowance given to the Korean medicine doctors working at public health center were different every self-governing body. Results : The reason the Korean Medicine Doctor can't serve as a regular order of 5th grade is that the 'The Enforcement Regulation about Administrative Organization and the Standard of Pixed Number of person of Self-Governing Body(지방자치단체의 행정기구와 정원기준등에 관한 규정 시행규칙)' prescribes the number of regular order of 5th grade is regulated within 7% among the number of regular order officials. But not appointing to office as the regular order of 5th grade infringes on the Constitution, the highest law. The reason the Korean Medicine Doctors can't be appointed to office as the regular order officials by the self-governing body is that 'The Enforcement Order of the Law of Preservation of good health of Local Area(지역보건법시행령)' prescribes the Korean Medicine Doctors are not indispensable to Public Health Center. But in fact, the Korean Medicine Doctors can execute many kinds of work such as medical examination or instructing house nursing. Conclusion : The Korean Medicine Doctors working at Public Health Center serve at low positions as daily use or common use, not receiving a regular order. All laws including the Constitution(헌법), the Medical Services Law(의료법), the Law of Preservation of good health of Local Area(지역보건법), the National Public Service Law(국가공무원법), the Local Public Service Law(지방공무원법) and the Law of Higher Education Law(고등교육법) describe that the Korean Medicine Doctors and the Western Medicine Doctors are equal to their position and right.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.115-121
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• 1996

Multi-axes driving system is more suitable for FMS(Flexible Manufacturing System) compared with a conventional single-azis driving system. It has some merits such as flexibility in operation, improvement of net working rate, maintenance free because of no gear train, etc. However, studies on position synchronous control for high precision in the multi-axes driving system are not enough. In this paper, a new method of position synchronous control is suggested in order to apply to the multi- axes driving system. The proposed method is structured very simply using speed and position controller based on PID control law. Especially, the position controller is designed to keep position error to minimize by controlling either speed of two motors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is successfully confirmed through several experiments.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.17 no.3 s.95
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• pp.23-24
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• 1978

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.328-337
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in concentration according to the position at the left or right shoulder within a 30 cm of radius of workers' respirators and provide basic data for the establishment of an industrial health policy. Methods: Personal samples were collected from a total of 65 workers from 27 manufacturing firms in South Gyeongsang-do Province from November 5, 2011 to December 30, 2012 after classifying the laborers into left- and right-side groups. The organic compound samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) 1501. Results: In terms of the concentration of organic compounds collected from both left and right shoulders at the position of workers' respirators, isobutyl acetate was the highest with 145 ppm at the left shoulder, followed by ethyl acetate (133.5 ppm) and toluene (38.13 ppm). At the right shoulder, on the contrary, ethyl acetate (149.3 ppm) was the highest, followed by toluene (46.26 ppm), xylene (29.63ppm) and isopropyl alcohol (28.06 ppm). Overall, the right shoulder was higher than the left shoulder in terms of concentrations. Conclusions: For the measurement of the working environment, workers' personal samples should be collected at the place closest to the respirator. In terms of the reduction of error, the attachment of two sample media is expected to reduce errors in exposure assessment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.333-335
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• 2006

Position of surface objects can be fixed in many ways. The most popular radionavigational systems, including satellite systems, make possible obtaining nearly continuous and very precise ship's position. However, under the water application of radionavigational systems is impossible. Underwater navigation requires other tools and solutions then these encountered in surface and air navigation. In underwater environment vehicles and submarines, operate that have to possess alternative navigational systems. Underwater vehicles, in order to perform their tasks require accurate information about their own, current position. At present, they are equipped with inertial navigational systems (INS). Accuracy of INS is very high but in relatively short periods. Position error is directly proportional to time of working of the system. The basic feature of INS is its autonomy and passivity. This characteristic mainly decides that INS is broadly used on submarines and other underwater vehicles. However, due to previously mentioned shortcoming i.e. gradually increasing position error, periodical calibration of the system is necessary. The simplest calibration method is surface or nearly surface application of GPS system. Another solution, which does not require interruption of performed task and emergence on the surface, is application of comparative navigation technique. Information about surrounding environment of the ship, obtained e.g. by means sonic depth finder or board sonar, and comparing it with accessible pattern can be used in order to fix ship's position. The article presents a structure and a description of working of underwater vehicle navigation system simulator. The simulator works on the basis of comparative navigation methods which exploit in turn digital images of echograms and sonograms. The additional option of the simulator is ability to robust estimation of measurements. One can do it in order to increase accuracy of position fixed with comparative navigation methods application. The simulator can be a basis to build future underwater navigation system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.9_10 s.157
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• pp.1344-1353
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to investigate the actual wearing conditions of working uniform and identify problems for the aircraft mechanic. For this study, questionnaire surveys were conducted dividing according to styles of clothing; one-piece and two-piece styles. Subjects were 343 men working in flight line. Questionnaire of 159 two-piece styles and 184 one-piece ones were used in analysis. The results of the study are as follows; The result about wearing each type of working uniform showed that the two-piece one is always as the air force uniform, whereas the one-piece one is worn only a few times. They felt inconvenience during all operations except in the sitting position, crawling position, and positions in which they were using tools. Accordingly, the result of the functionality reported dissatisfaction on all question items. Therefore, uniform of two-piece style achieved better results on all questions related to motional flexibility and functionality. Questions on changes to finishing methods showed that each airline employed different methods for both two-pieced and one-pieced uniforms. The answers about the unstitched or worn-out parts of the two-piece garments showed that pants were unstitched on the inner seam of the trouser leg and hip regions, but the upper one was not. In case of the one-pieced uniform, the parts of wearing out is the seam of hip and the unstitched parts are knee region and hem line of pants. Questions concerning their satisfaction with the material of uniforms indicated a high rate of dissatisfaction, particularly in its ventilation and absorbency. Questions concerning the preferred design of working uniform indicated a preference for two-piece uniform rather than one-piece ones.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1245-1254
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• 2004

In this paper, we deal with a precise position synchronous control of four-axes system which is working under various load disturbances. Each axis driving system is consisted of a speed controller and an acceleration controller as an inner loop instead of conventional current control scheme. The acceleration control plays an important roll to suppress load disturbances quickly. Also, each axis is coupled by a maximum position synchronous error comparison to minimize position synchronous errors according to integration of speed differency. As a result, the proposed system enables precise synchronous control with good robustness against load disturbances during transient as well as steady state. The stability and robustness of the proposed system are investigated through its frequency characteristic and numerical simulations. Finally, experimental results under load disturbances demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system fur four-axes position synchronous control.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.343-352
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• 2008

Recently, there are many research of musculoskeletal disorders in manufacturing industry because of increasing interest of that disorders, but the research is still lacking in the small business and service industry. So we researched relationship between working characteristics and subjective symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders by get information of 145 hairdresser about working hour, work record, position and working pattern. The results of this research show that there are many musculoskeletal disorders of hairdressers' neck, shoulder, arm, knee and also a lot of relationship between working characteristics and subjective symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Besides, some parts of subjective symptoms have a effect on other parts of body. This study will contribute to using information and a precautionary measure about musculoskeletal disorders for hairdressers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.66-71
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• 2007

Development of a locomotive mechanism for the capsule type endoscopes will largely enhance their ability to diagnose disease of digestive organs. As a part of it, there should be provided a detection device of their position in human organs for the purpose of observation and motion control. In this paper, a permanent magnet outside human body was employed to project magnetic field on a capsule type endoscope, while its position dependent flux density was measured by three hall-effect sensors which were orthogonally installed inside the capsule. In order to detect the 2-D position data of the capsule with three hall-effect sensors including the roll, pitch and yaw angle, the permanent magnet was extra translated during the measurement. In this way, the 2-D coordinates and three rotation angles of a capsule endoscope on the same motion plane with the permanent magnet could be detected. The working principle and performance test results of the capsule position detection device were introduced in this paper showing that they could be also applied to 6-DOF position detection.