• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3327-3334
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• 2021

Present electric grids are advanced to integrate smart grids, distributed resources, high-speed sensing and control, and other advanced metering technologies. Cybersecurity is one of the challenges of the smart grid and nuclear plant digital system. It affects the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), for grid data communication and controls the information in real-time. The research article is emphasized solving the nuclear and smart grid hardware security issues with the integration of field programmable gate array (FPGA), and implementing the latest Time Authenticated Cryptographic Identity Transmission (TACIT) cryptographic algorithm in the chip. The cryptographic-based encryption and decryption approach can be used for a smart grid distribution system embedding with FPGA hardware. The chip design is carried in Xilinx ISE 14.7 and synthesized on Virtex-5 FPGA hardware. The state of the art of work is that the algorithm is implemented on FPGA hardware that provides the scalable design with different key sizes, and its integration enhances the grid hardware security and switching. It has been reported by similar state-of-the-art approaches, that the algorithm was limited in software, not implemented in a hardware chip. The main finding of the research work is that the design predicts the utilization of hardware parameters such as slices, LUTs, flip-flops, memory, input/output blocks, and timing information for Virtex-5 FPGA synthesis before the chip fabrication. The information is extracted for 8-bit to 128-bit key and grid data with initial parameters. TACIT security chip supports 400 MHz frequency for 128-bit key. The research work is an effort to provide the solution for the industries working towards embedded hardware security for the smart grid, power plants, and nuclear applications.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 가정환경의 자극 특성과 연령에 따른 웩슬러 아동용지능검사의 소검사별 수행을 알아보는데 있었다. 이를 위하여 만 6-16세 아동 청소년 128명을 대상으로 훈련받은 검사자가 K-WISC-IV를 실시하였으며 아동의 어머니에게 가정의 물리적, 정서적 특성에 대한 HOME를 실시하였다. 연령에 따라 만 6-10세와 11-16세 집단별로 분석한 결과 두 연령집단 모두 전체 지능 및 언어이해 지표와 가정환경자극 간 유의미한 정적 상관이 발견되었다. 6-10세 집단의 경우 가정환경자극의 하위영역 중 언어적 자극 및 학습자료가 언어이해, 작업기억, 지각추론, 전체 지능과 유의미한 관련성이 있었으며, 11-16세 집단의 경우, 자기조력 장려 및 학습자료가 전체지능, 언어이해, 작업기억 지표와 유의미한 정적 상관이 있었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과가 논의되었으며, 향후 지능검사의 개정을 반영한 새로운 소검사의 수행과 가정환경자극 간 관련성이 연구되어야 할 필요성이 제시되었다.

• 디자인융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

현재 게임 산업의 규모는 급성장하며 주목받는 산업으로 자리 잡고 있다. 따라서 게임 분야에 대한 체계적인 사용자 경험 디자인의 중요성 또한 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 상대적으로 사용자 유입과 유출이 빈번한 온라인 게임에서 사용자 접근과 유지를 위한 진입 과정에 대한 분석을 수행하여, 진입 과정의 개선 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 첫째, 문헌 고찰을 통해 사용자의 게임 초기 경험인 진입 과정을 발견, 학습, 몰입의 3단계로 정의하여 구분하였고, 이를 경험 디자인, 게임 디자인 요소로 분석하여 진입 과정의 단계별 영향을 미치는 UX 요소를 도출하였다. 둘째, 도출된 UX 요소를 바탕으로 게임 경험 및 인지 요소 분석 프레임을 제시하였고, 이를 통해 5가지 국내 대표 온라인 게임을 정성적으로 분석하였다. 사례분석을 통해 게임들의 진입 과정 구성과 핵심 인지 요소를 도출할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 발견 단계는 선택적 주의집중, 학습 단계에선 작업 기억과 능동적 학습, 그리고 몰입 단계는 참여와 동기가 핵심적 인지 요소로 작용하였다. 마지막으로 도출된 핵심 인지 요소를 중심으로 진입 과정의 단계별 개선 방향성을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 연구를 통해 온라인 게임에서 사용자 진입 과정의 중요성을 강조하고, 진입장벽을 낮출 수 있는 개선안을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Top-down restoration of distorted speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of speech in noise, maybe a useful tool to understand robustness of perception in adverse listening situations. However, the relationship between phonemic restoration and speech perception in noise is not empirically clear. Subjects and Methods: 20 adults (40-55 years) with normal audiometric findings were part of the study. Sentence perception in noise performance was studied with various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to estimate the SNR with 50% score. Performance was also measured for sentences interrupted with silence and for those interrupted by speech noise at -10, -5, 0, and 5 dB SNRs. The performance score in the noise interruption condition was subtracted by quiet interruption condition to determine the phonemic restoration magnitude. Results: Fairly robust improvements in speech intelligibility was found when the sentences were interrupted with speech noise instead of silence. Improvement with increasing noise levels was non-monotonic and reached a maximum at -10 dB SNR. Significant correlation between speech perception in noise performance and phonemic restoration of sentences interrupted with -10 dB SNR speech noise was found. Conclusions: It is possible that perception of speech in noise is associated with top-down processing of speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of interrupted speech. More research with a larger sample size is indicated since the restoration is affected by the type of speech material and noise used, age, working memory, and linguistic proficiency, and has a large individual variability.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Top-down restoration of distorted speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of speech in noise, maybe a useful tool to understand robustness of perception in adverse listening situations. However, the relationship between phonemic restoration and speech perception in noise is not empirically clear. Subjects and Methods: 20 adults (40-55 years) with normal audiometric findings were part of the study. Sentence perception in noise performance was studied with various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) to estimate the SNR with 50% score. Performance was also measured for sentences interrupted with silence and for those interrupted by speech noise at -10, -5, 0, and 5 dB SNRs. The performance score in the noise interruption condition was subtracted by quiet interruption condition to determine the phonemic restoration magnitude. Results: Fairly robust improvements in speech intelligibility was found when the sentences were interrupted with speech noise instead of silence. Improvement with increasing noise levels was non-monotonic and reached a maximum at -10 dB SNR. Significant correlation between speech perception in noise performance and phonemic restoration of sentences interrupted with -10 dB SNR speech noise was found. Conclusions: It is possible that perception of speech in noise is associated with top-down processing of speech, tapped as phonemic restoration of interrupted speech. More research with a larger sample size is indicated since the restoration is affected by the type of speech material and noise used, age, working memory, and linguistic proficiency, and has a large individual variability.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.877-885
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• 2022

Vision-based activity recognition has been widely attempted at construction sites to estimate productivity and enhance workers' health and safety. Previous studies have focused on extracting an individual worker's postural information from sequential image frames for activity recognition. However, various trades of workers perform different tasks with similar postural patterns, which degrades the performance of activity recognition based on postural information. To this end, this research exploited a concept of human-object interaction, the interaction between a worker and their surrounding objects, considering the fact that trade workers interact with a specific object (e.g., working tools or construction materials) relevant to their trades. This research developed an approach to understand the context from sequential image frames based on four features: posture, object, spatial features, and temporal feature. Both posture and object features were used to analyze the interaction between the worker and the target object, and the other two features were used to detect movements from the entire region of image frames in both temporal and spatial domains. The developed approach used convolutional neural networks (CNN) for feature extractors and activity classifiers and long short-term memory (LSTM) was also used as an activity classifier. The developed approach provided an average accuracy of 85.96% for classifying 12 target construction tasks performed by two trades of workers, which was higher than two benchmark models. This experimental result indicated that integrating a concept of the human-object interaction offers great benefits in activity recognition when various trade workers coexist in a scene.

• 한국노년학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1103-1118
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• 2011

본 연구는 노인의 취업이 신체적 건강, 심리적 기능, 삶의 만족에 어떠한 연관성이 있는지를 검증하고자 하였으며, 65세 이상 노년기에 해당하는 4,165의 대상자(남자 1,739명, 여자 2,426명)를 대상하여 분석에 이용하였다. 신체적 건강에는 일상활동능력, 통증, 장애를 측정하였고, 심리적 기능에는 인지적 기능(뺄셈, 명령시행, 기억력테스트, 소지품용도)과 정서적 어려움을 측정하였으며, 삶의 만족, 근로만족도 및 업무수준을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 성별, 혼인, 학력에 따르는 삶의 만족은 유의한 차이가 나타났으나, 수입이나 종교에 따르는 삶의 만족은 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 취업의 유무에 따라서는 취업한 노인의 신체적 건강과 정신적 기능, 삶의 만족이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 취업한 노인들을 대상으로 성공적 노화 모형을 탐색한 결과, 통증이적고, 인지적 기능이 좋으며, 정서적 어려움이 적을수록 삶의 만족은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 업무수준이 낮을수록 근로만족도가 높게 나타났고, 근로만족도가 높을수록 삶의 만족은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 인지적 기능과 정서적 어려움의 상호작용이 나타났고, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 노년기 삶의 질에 대한 전반적인 국가적 지원 필요성과 복지 향상에 필요한 제도적 제안점을 제시하였다.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2018

Objectives : This study investigated whether long-acting injectable (LAI) paliperidone is different from its oral form in terms of the effect on cognitive function in schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of patients in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital who were diagnosed as having schizophrenia and/or other psychotic disorders based on DSM-5 from 2016 to 2017. Seven patients were treated with oral paliperidone and 11 were treated with paliperidone palmitate. All patients underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment, including the Korean version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) at their first visit or within one month of their initial treatment. MCCB was repeated within three to 12 months after the initial assessment. Results : There was no significant difference between the two groups in most cognitive domains including speed of processing, attention and vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning and reasoning and problem solving domain. However, patients treated with paliperidone palmitate showed better improvement in social cognition domain than those taking oral paliperidone. The standardized values of social cognition domain scores had significantly improved over time in patients under paliperidone palmitate, demonstrating a significant time-by-group interaction. Conclusion : Our results show that long-acting injectable paliperidone could be helpful in some aspects of improving cognitive function in schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Further studies with other antipsychotics are necessary to generalize the results.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2013

It is a well-established theory that emotion is influential in cognitive processing. Extensive prior research on emotion has shown that emotional factors, such as affect, mood, and feeling, play as information indicating whether he or she has enough knowledge. Most of their findings focused on the effect of emotional valence (i.g., one's subjective positivity or negativity related with the emotion). Recently, several studies on emotion suggest that there is another dimension of emotion, which affects the type of cognitive processing. The studies argue that emotional certainty facilitates heuristic processing, whereas emotional uncertainty promotes systematic processing. Based on the findings, current study examines the effect of certainty on attitudes and recall. Specifically, the authors investigate the effect of certainty on how much effort individuals use to process advertising information and how certainty affects attitude formation toward the advertised product. The authors also focus on recall to clarify the working mechanism of certainty on attitudes, because recall performance reflects the depth of information processing. Based on previous findings, the authors hypothesize that uncertainty (vs. certainty) leads to more favorable attitudes as well as better recall, and conduct an experiment using a fictitious advertisement with 218 participants. The results confirm the predicted effects of certainty only on attitudes not recall. A possible explanation of this discrepancy between attitudes and recall lies in the measurement method, unaided recall. To rule out this possibility, the authors perform an additional analysis with the participants who recall any correct information of the target advertisement. The results show certainty has a negative effect on both attitudes and recall. A bootstrapping test reveals that recall mediates the effect of certainty on attitudes. This result confirms that certainty decreases elaboration, which in turn leads to less favorable attitudes relative to uncertainty. Additionally, our data shows the association among certainty, recall, and attitudes by showing the indirect effect of certainty on attitudes via recall. This research encourages practitioners in the field to emphasize that they should focus on target audiences' emotional certainty before they provide the persuasive message, by showing that uncertainty promotes effortful processing, which in turn leads to better memory and more favorable attitudes.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Electronic voting machines (EVMs) are replacing research ballots due to the errors involved in the manual counting process and the lengthy time required to count the votes. Even though these digital recording electronic systems are advancements, they are vulnerable to tampering and electoral fraud. The suspected vulnerabilities in EVMs are the possibility of tampering with the EVM's memory chip or replacing it with a fake one, their simplicity, which allows them to be tampered with without requiring much skill, and the possibility of double voting. The vote data is shared among all network devices, and peer-to-peer verification is performed to ensure the vote data's authenticity. To successfully tamper with the system, all of the data stored in the nodes must be changed. This improves the proposed system's efficiency and dependability. Elections and voting are fundamental components of a democratic system. Various attempts have been made to make modern elections more flexible by utilizing digital technologies. The fundamental characteristics of free and fair elections are intractability, immutability, transparency, and the privacy of the actors involved. This corresponds to a few of the many characteristics of blockchain-like decentralized ownership, such as chain immutability, anonymity, and distributed ledger. This working research attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of various blockchain technologies in development and propose a 'Blockchain-based Electronic Voting System' solution by weighing these technologies based on the need for the proposed solution. The primary goal of this research is to present a robust blockchain-based election mechanism that is not only reliable but also adaptable to current needs.