• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 2010

Objectives : This study investigated the differences of working memory among the subtypes of ADHD. Methods : Eighty-one children and adolescents with ADHD and thirty normal controls were recruited. Children with any cognitive disorders and low intelligence were excluded. In order to evaluate the verbal and visuospatial working memory, Digit span and Finger windows tasks were measured, respectively. Performances on these measures between children with ADHD and controls were compared. Further, performances among the groups of ADHD predominantly inattentive(ADHD-IA)(n=40), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive(ADHD-HI)(n= 10), and combined type(ADHD-C)(n=31), were compared. Results : Scores of Finger windows forward task were lower in the ADHD group as compared to the control group, whereas, the Digit span forward showed no difference. Both scores of Digit span backward and Finger windows backward task were lower in the ADHD group than the controls. Children with ADHD-IA performed poorer than children with ADHD-C on the Finger windows backward task. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that children with ADHD have deficits in spatial short-term memory and verbal and visuospatial working memory when compared to normal children. The deficits were evident in children with ADHD-IA subtype and in particular, performance on the visuospatial working memory task in this group was poorer than the ADHD-C group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.843-852
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a breast feeding promotion program for working women on breast feeding continuation, mother-infant attachment, and maternal sensitivity. Methods: The design of this study is nonequivalent control group design with repeated measures. Results: There were significant differences in breast feeding continuation between two groups at each time point except 2 days and 1 week after delivery. The scores of mother-infant attachment and maternal sensitivity of experimental group were higher than those of the control group, but there were no significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: Although some modifications in contents and administration will be required to increase the effectiveness of the program, breast feeding promotion program for working women can be an effective nursing intervention which can facilitate breast feeding continuation and mother-infant relationships.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 1992

The effect of temperature of cardioplegic solution on myocardial preservation was studied using isolated rat heart perfusion technique. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 120~140gm, were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of heparin sodium[300u/kg] and then the hearts were excised after cervical herniation 30 minutes later. The hearts were perfused in isolated working heart apparatus with oxygenated modified Tyrode solution at 37oC. After 10 minutes of non working heart perfusion, the hearts were subjected to arrest for 30 minutes by administration of 5cc cardioplegic solution at the temperature of 4oC [Group I ], 15oC [Group II], 25oC [Group III], 37oC[Group IV]. At the same time, the topical cooling of heart was performed using ice saline. After arrest, the hearts were reperfused by non working heart perfusion for 1 hour with modified Tyrode solution at 37oC. The CPK, GOT and LDH in reperfusate were measured at 5,20,40,60 minutes after start of reperfusion. With the values of those, we compared the effect of temperature of cardioplegic solution on myocardial preservation. The results were as follows; 1. The enzyme values in reperfusate were highest at 5 minute and after then declined. 2. At 5 minutes after reperfusion, the enzyme values in Group I were lower than those in other Groups. These results suggest that the cardioplegic solutions using for cardiac arrest and myocardial protection can be working better at 4oC than at any other temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.4 s.44
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• pp.393-403
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• 1992

This Study intended to provide positioning strategies of brand Image for ladies' ready to wear by analysing the perceptual dimensions of working women. The subjects were devided into two groups according to the fashion involvement, and in each group, a positioning map was composed by use of multidimensional scaling. 251 subjects of this study were gathered into stratified sample groups from working women in Seoul, being subdivided according to their each occupation and age. The data were analysed by frequency, percentage, average, $x^{2}-test$, 1-test, Factor Analysis, cronbach's $\alpha$. Also, KYST, PROFIT, PREFMAP for multidimensional scaling were used. The results were as follows. 1. Two groups were identified according to degree of fashion involvement: high-involvement group, and low-involvement group. 2. From the analysis of the similarity of brand image, high involvement group percieved greater difference in brand image than low involvement group. 3. From the analysis of the evaluation of brand attributes, the evaluations in self expression, fashionability, design, sales promotion activity, sociality, quality, fit showed differences bet-ween high involvement group and low involvement group. 4. From the analysis of the preference of brand image, the distribution of preference and ideal point were different between high involvement group and low involvement group.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2012

Objectives: Small enterprises have higher exposure to occupational hazards compared to larger enterprises and further, they have fewer resources to control the risks. In order to improve the working environment, development of efficient measures is therefore a major challenge for regulators and other stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to develop a systematic model for the design of tailored intervention programmes meeting the needs of small enterprises. Methods: An important challenge for the design process is the transfer of knowledge from one context to another. The concept of realist analysis can provide insight into mechanisms by which intervention knowledge can be transferred from one context to another. We use this theoretical approach to develop a design model. Results: The model consist of five steps: 1) Defining occupational health and safety challenges of the target group, 2) selecting methods to improve the working environment, 3) developing theories about mechanisms which motivate the target group, 4) analysing the specific context of the target group for small enterprise programmes including owner-management role, social relations, and the perception of the working environment, and 5) designing the intervention based on the preceding steps. We demonstrate how the design model can be applied in practice by the development of an intervention programme for small enterprises in the construction industry. Conclusion: The model provides a useful tool for a systematic design process. The model makes it transparent for both researchers and practitioners as to how existing knowledge can be used in the design of new intervention programmes.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.235-250
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• 2005

The paper describes the work of the Working Group on Wind Structure, one of the International Codification Working Groups set up by the International Association of Wind Engineering in 1999. The topics of terrain and exposure, shielding and shelter, topographic effects, tropical cyclone and hurricane wind structure, and thunderstorm wind structure, are described with emphasis on their codification in wind loading codes and standards. Recommendations from the working group are given.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-84
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to develop a leisure program that combines yoga and tea meditation affects the positive mood states and happiness of elementary working wives in their 50's. For this study, a pre and posttest control group design was used. A total of 46 subjects were allocated equally to the experimental group and the control group. A pretest, comprising 13 sessions of treatment, and a posttest were conducted. Of the 23 subjects in the experimental group, 16 were selected as interviewees and underwent in-depth interviews. The main results of this study are as follows: First, the experimental group of middle-aged working wives showed higher positive mood states(t=-3.494, p<.01) and higher levels of happiness(t=2.236, p<.05) after the program compared to the control group. Second, after participating in the study, those who had undergone in-depth interviews indicated that their lives had changed to become more confident, happy, comfortable, and self-directed, and that this change had positively impacted their relationships. In conclusion, in a situation where the lives, leisure and happiness of middle-aged working wives is becoming a social problem and a topic of discussion for national policies, it would be beneficial to develop and establish leisure programs for this population in order to promote health and happiness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the influence of nurse manager and peer group caring behaviors as perceived by nurses on intention to retention. Methods: The participants for this study were 229 nurses who had worked for over 6 months in general hospitals located in J province. Survey data were analyzed descriptive statistics and t-tests, ANOVAs with $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ post-hoc testing, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The scores for 'manager and peer group caring behaviors' and intention to retention were all at a moderate level, although the subjects perceived 'peer group caring behaviors' as higher compared to 'manager caring behaviors'. There were significant differences in 'manager caring behaviors' scores by suitability for present working department and employment status and in 'peer group caring behaviors' scores by suitability for present working department. The factors influencing nurses' intention to retention were religion, suitability for present department, clinical experience of over ten years, 'manager caring behaviors', and 'peer group caring behaviors' Conclusion: To improve nurses' intention to retention, it may be necessary to alter the transfer and arrangement strategies of their working environments to better consider nurses' aptitude and competence, and thereby increase both manager and peer group caring behaviors.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.335-336
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• 2005

The working group for an infrared telescope(IRT) toward East Asian Observatory has been set up in EAMA6. This report declares the membership of IRT working group, reviews briefly the activities of promoting the IRT, and puts forward the future plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.608-609
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• 2020