• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 1995

In order to investigate the effects of family nursing intervention on workers' working attitude, the questionnaire survey was carried out on 31 workers who had experienced family nursing intervention and 31 workers who did not have experienced family nursing intervention. The structured questionnaire was constituted of 3 parts of the workers' working attitude, job satisfaction, interpersonal relationship and creativeness. The results were as follows ; 1. Mean score of working attitude for post-intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group(3.48) than in the control group(3.03). However, there was no significant difference that for pre-intervention between two groups. 2. Mean scores of the job satisfaction, interpersonal relationship and creativeness were significantly higher in the intervention group(4.12, 3.58, 4.06) than in control group(3.49, 3.09, 3.34) 3. The major contributing factor to the effect of family nursing intervention was sex(18.2%) and followed by nursing intervention(13.2%) in general. The major contributing factors were sex and working evaluation records in post-intervention in job satisfaction(15.1%), and nursing intervention and sex in creativeness (39.2%).

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.57.3-57.3
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• 2019

Recently, there have been discussions among national observatories in East Asia about the possibility of EAO and the Subaru observatory forming a partnership. The official EAO-Subaru partnership can make the powerful wide-field observation capabilities of Subaru available to Korean astronomers through EAO, and also can serve as an excellent platform to gather astronomers in East Asia together for flourishing regional collaboration activities. A working group has been formed to outline the framework of the EAO-Subaru partnership, and the working group report has been prepared. In this talk, I will explain the proposed partnership framework in the working group report. Inputs are very welcome from KAS members about the proposed framework.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.474-482
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• 2000

Currently frequency-dependent type electronic apex locators have been widely used to determine the working length in endodontic treatment. But, accuracy of electronic apex locators is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Root-ZX(Morita Co., Japan) at different kinds of conditions of root canals compared with the radiographic working length. The 40 extracted human anterior teeth with fully formed apices and without any caries were used. The radiographs were taken for working length with the 0.5mm short of #15 K-file tip just visible at the foramen under the surgical microscope(Carl Zeiss Co. Germany) at 25X. Then the electronic working lengths were determined with Root-ZX at the different kinds of conditions of root canals according to the presence of electrolyte and Crown-down pressureless technique. The results were as follows ; 1. There was no significant statistical difference in working length between radiograph and Root-ZX. 2. There was no significant statistical difference in electronic working length between the canal with electrolyte and without electrolyte. 3. There was no significant statistical difference in electronic working length between the canal without any instrumentation and after Crown-dow pressureless technique. 4. Of the total 40 root canals, 85% in Group I, 92.5% in Group II, 95% in Group III and 95% in Group IV using Root-ZX showed coincidence within 0.5mm accuracy compaing with the radiographic working length. The results showed that the Root-ZX can be use effectively for measuring the working length of root canal after instrumentation with Crown-down pressureless technique regardless of the presence of electrolyte in root canal.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-62
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• 2018

Objective: This study employed a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the Respected Parents & Respected Children(RPRC) parent education program developed for working mothers of dual-income families with young children. Methods: A total of 32 working mothers were randomly assigned to two groups, an intervention group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 16). Mothers in the intervention group participated in the parent education program. After the termination of the program, differences between the pretest and posttest in terms of mothers'parenting behaviors, parenting efficacy and parental role satisfaction were compared in both groups. Results: Mothers in the intervention group were significantly improved in their parenting behaviors and parenting efficacy, whereas mothers in the control group did not show any significant differences between pretest and posttest scores. However, there was no significant difference in parental role satisfaction between the intervention group and the control group. Conclusion/Implications: These findings suggest that RPRC parent education program is effective in bringing about positive changes in working mothers'parenting confidence, which can be crucial for the future developmental outcomes of their children.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

PURPOSE. This study investigated the strain of implants using a chewing simulator with strain gauges in mandibular implant-supported fixed prostheses under various dynamic loads. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three implant-supported 5-unit fixed prostheses were fabricated with three different occlusion types (Group I: Canine protected occlusion, Group II: Unilaterally balanced occlusion, Group III: Bilaterally balanced occlusion). Two strain gauges were attached to each implant abutment. The programmed dynamic loads (0 - 300 N) were applied using a chewing simulator (MTS 858 Mini Bionix II systems, MTS systems corp., Minn, USA) and the strains were monitored. The statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test and the ANOVA. RESULTS. The mean strain values (MSV) for the working sides were 151.83 ${\mu}{\varepsilon}$, 176.23 ${\mu}{\varepsilon}$, and 131.07 ${\mu}{\varepsilon}$ for Group I, Group II, and Group III, respectively. There was a significant difference between Group II and Group III (P < .05). Also, the MSV for non-working side were 58.29 ${\mu}{\varepsilon}$, 72.64 ${\mu}{\varepsilon}$, and 98.93 ${\mu}{\varepsilon}$ for Group I, Group II, and Group III, respectively. One was significantly different from the others with a 95% confidence interval (P < .05). CONCLUSION. The MSV for the working side of Groups I and II were significantly different from that for the non-working side (Group I: t = 7.58, Group II: t = 6.25). The MSV for the working side of Group II showed significantly larger than that of Group III (P < .01). Lastly, the MSV for the non-working side of Group III showed significantly larger than those of Group I or Group II (P < .01).

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2020

Objective: Bidi is an inexpensive, low-processed, hand-rolled tobacco product. In Bangladesh, especially in Rangpur, tobacco farming and bidi processing are common. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of bidi making on children working in bidi factories. Methods: This qualitative(walk-through survey) and quantitative(questionnaire-based survey and a urine cotinine level quantitation) study was conducted in Rangpur, Bangladesh in 2017. Study population included child-workers aged ≤14 years who were regularly employed as bidi makers. Findings: The results of the walk-through survey revealed hazardous working environments at bidi factories. For the quantitative survey, 171 child-workers were categorized into "less-working"(<5 hours/day) and "more-working"(≥5 hours/day) groups; additionally, "forced-working"(forced into work by parents) and "voluntary-working"(working voluntarily) groups were delineated within the same population. In the logistic regression analysis, odds ratios(ORs) of respiratory symptoms and unusual absence(absent ≥5 days/month) were higher in the "more-working" group than in the "less-working" group(unusual absence: OR, 2.91; 95% confidence interval[CI], 1.43-5.94), and this association became higher in the "forced-working" group with longer working hours(OR, 5.68, 95%CI 2.30-14.00). Conclusions: Cheap, hand-rolled tobacco(bidi) is harmful to the health of bidi-making child-workers. Children in poverty bow to the demands of cheap labor and poverty and jeopardize their health and future prospects by working in bidi factories. Tobacco control policies should consider the social effects of tobacco beyond its biological effects.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the negative side effects of video display terminal (VDT) work on the human body and to provide data for preventing VDT syndrome. A questionnaire survey was made to 339 VDT workers at 22 offices in Taegu, Kyungpook and Kyungnam areas from July 1 to August 31, 1994, and 280 of them were finally used for statistical analysis. The VDT syndrome in the present study inclhded five factors, namely as eye-related symptom, psychological symptom, general body symptom, musculoskeletal symptom, and skin-related symptom, and the estimates of Crombach coefficients of the five factors were 0.954, 0.952, 0.953, 0.957, and 0.955, respectively, showing very high reliability. In view of socio-economical characteristics, the symptoms of female were higher than those of male in the order of musculoskeletal symptom, eye-related symptom, skin-related symptom and psychological symptom. The age group of 30 years or less was higher than the older groups in the order of musculoskeletal symptom, eye-related symptom, psychological symptom and skinrelated symptom. The group of lower education level showed higher skin-related symptom. The psychological symptom and skin-related symptom increased as the amount of smoking increased. Higher eye-related symptom was observed in the group without glasses. In the job-related variables, the group of working on programming and data input showed higher eye-related symptom and psychological symptom. The group of working on programming and graphic design showed higher musculoskeletal symptom and skin-related symptom. The skin-related symptom increased as the total time of VDT operation per day increased. The group of working 2-4 hours followed by 15 minutes rest was higher in musculoskeletal symptom and psychological symptom. Higher musculoskeletal symptom was observed from the group working on Friday and Sunday. The group of 1 year or less working showed higher in skin-related symptom. In relation with the VDT type, all symptoms except skin-related symptom were higher in the group using monochrome monitor. As showed above, the questionnaire could be a tool for evaluating VDT syndrome and prevention of the syndrome would be possible by a comprehensive consideration of factors including socio-economic characteristics, job-related variables and VDT type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.99-111
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to identity face satisfaction and make-up behavior according to their lifestyles of middle aged women. The subjects were 350 women of 40 - 59 years old. The results of this study were as follow: 1. Lifestyle factors of middle aged women were self confidence, leisure activities, interests in appearance, economical efficiency, conservatism, and value-orientation. They were classified into four types of dignified & appearance interested group, passive stagnated group, unconfident & economic group, and value-oriented & leisure group according to their lifestyles. 2. They were satisfied with their eyes, lips, and eyebrows, but not satisfied with face tone, face shape, and skin texture. Total face satisfaction level was over average. The face satisfaction level of dignified & appearance interested group and value-oriented & leisure group were higher than other groups, but that of passive stagnated group was the lowest. 3. They pursued internal beauty and natural makeup, and did not follow trendy colors. Dignified & appearance interested group pursued characteristic, elegant, changeable, and various make-up colors, but value-oriented & leisure group pursued more various, changeable, and trendy colors. They did not prefer trendy products because of high price. Dignified & appearance interested group and unconfident & economic group were highly price-oriented, but value-oriented & leisure group purchased trendy products. 4. Dignified & appearance interested group included working women with not much income, but passive stagnated group included low-educated and non-working women. Unconfident & economic group included low-educated non-working women with not much income, but value-oriented & leisure group included highly-educated working women with high income.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-106
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• 2004

The UNCITRAL Arbitration Working Group began its deliberations on the topic of interim measures of protection at its thirty-second session (Vienna, 21-30 March 2000), when the Working Group expressed general support for a legal regime governing enforcement of interim measures of protection ordered by the arbitral tribunal. Also the Working Group took a preliminary analysis of whether there was a need for a uniform rule on court-ordered interim measures of protection in support of arbitration. The Working Group agreed, at its thirty-third session (Vienna, 20 November-1 December 2000), that the proposed new article to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration on enforcement of interim measures of protection (tentatively numbered article 17 bis) should include an obligation on courts to enforce interim measures if prescribed conditions were met. At its thirty-fourth session (New York, 21 May-1 Jun 2001), in addition to continuing its review of draft article 17 bis, the Working Group proceeded to consider a text revising article 17 of the UNCITRAL Model Law, which defined the scope of an arbitral tribunal's power to order interim measures and included an additional provision on the granting of interim measures on an ex parte basis. Discussions in relation to revised drafts of article 17 and 17 bis of the UNCITRAL Model Law have continued at the fortieth session ( New York, 23-27 February 2004). Article 17 of the UNCITRAL Model Law provides that the arbitral tribunal may order any party to take such interim measure of protection as the arbitral tribunal may consider necessary in respect to the subject matter of the dispute. However it may be noted that the article does not deal with enforcement of such measures.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.70-79
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of electroencephalograph (EEG) power and coherence on cognitive function in normal elderly, non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, and demented elderly during working cognition tasks. Forty elderly women (19 demented elderly, 10 non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment, 11 norma1 elderly) participated in this study, All subjects performed working cognition tasks with Raven's CPM while EEG signal was recorded, EEGs were measured continuously at rest and during the working cognition task. EEG power and coherence was computed over 21 channels: right and left frontal, central, parietal, temporal and occipital region. We found that there were more correct answers among normal elderly women than in other groups Owing the working cognition task, ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F8, a wave at Fp2, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2. F4 and F8 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the demented elderly group. On the other hand. ${\Theta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2 and F7, ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3 and F7 of the frontal region was increased significantly in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast. in the normal elderly group, all of the ${\Theta}$ wave and ${\beta}$ wave at Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, F7 and F8 of the frontal region (except ${\beta}$ wave at F3) was increased significantly, These results suggest that the nerves in prefrontal and right hemisphere regions were most active in the demented elderly group during problem solving, and the nerves in the prefrontal and left hemisphere lobe were most active in the group of non-demented elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In contrast, me majority of nerves in the frontal region were active in the normal elderly group.