• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2007

This paper presents a method of an automatic work time evaluation based on the verification of a disassemblability and assembly configuration. Even though a work time evaluation is an important field of concern for planning assembly lay-out, there are some limitations using cumbersome user query or approximated work time data without considering assembly condition. To overcome such restriction, this paper presents a method to mathematically verify assembly conditions based on the disassemblability, which is defined by the separability and stability cost. The separability cost represents a facility of the part disassembly operation, and the stability cost which represents a degree of the stability for the base assembly motion. Based upon the results, we propose a new approach of evaluating work time using neural networks. The proposed method provides an effective means of solving the work time evaluation problem and gives a design guidance of planning assembly lay-out in flexible manufacturing application. Example study is given to illustrate the concepts and procedure of the proposed schemes.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.297-323
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• 2011

스웨덴 시간제근로가 주로 여성들의 일자리로 자리잡고 있음에도 불구하고 주변화되지 않고 좋은 일자리로 자리잡게 된 데에는 다음 세가지 조건이 가장 중요하였다고 판단된다. 첫째, 스웨덴에서 시간제근로는 고용유연화를 목적으로 한 것이라기 보다는 생계부양자 모형의 전환을 목적으로 한 포괄적인 일-생활 양립 프로젝트의 일환으로 확산되었으며 보육정책, 육아휴직정책과 긴밀하게 연계되어 시행되고 있다는 점이다. 둘째, 단시간근로 청구권을 바탕으로 한 전환형 시간제가 많아 종사상 지위의 측면에서 볼 때 전일제와 시간제의 지위 상 경계의 구분이 쉽지 않고 부가급여, 사회급여에서 차별적 대우의 근거가 없다는 점이다. 세째 EU근로시간 지침과 노동법, 단체협약에 의해 전일제근로의 노동시간에 대한 규제가 엄격하게 이루어지고 있어 시간제근로에 대한 수요가 크고 그와 함께 시간제근로의 초과근무를 엄격하게 통제하고 있어 시간제근로가 실질적으로 안착될 수 있었다는 점이다. 시간제근로가 스웨덴 여성들의 경제활동 및 생애과정에 미친 영향과 관련해서는 시간제근로가 여성 고용률을 증가시키는 데 기여했다는 데는 연구자들 간에 큰 이견이 없다. 1970년대 이후 시간제근로의 확산 과정을 보면 시간제근로는 기존에 경제활동을 하고 있던 전일제 여성근로자들을 시간제로 전환시킨 것보다는 경제적으로 비활동적이었던 여성들을 노동시장으로 끌어들인 효과가 훨씬 컸다. 시간제근로 확산 이후 스웨덴 여성들의 생애과정의 지배적인 패턴은 양육기 이전 전일제-양육기 시간제-양육기 이후 전일제로 양육기의 경력단절이 최소화된 패턴으로 대체된 것으로 평가된다. 성평등의 관점에서 볼 때 스웨덴의 시간제근로는 여성화의 문제, 여전히 온존하고 있는 성별직종분리의 문제 등 분리된 일자리라는 한계를 안고 있음에도 불구하고 여성들의 노동시장 통합도를 높이고 전일제로의 징검다리 역할을 하는 긍정성을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the standard work time of dietetic staff through work sampling methodology in school flood service systems. Work measurement through work sampling methodology was conducted in five conventional, five commissary and five joint management flood service systems over two consecutive weeks in October 1999. Statistical analysis was performed on the SAS/Win 6.12 package program for Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison. Observed data were satisfied with a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of $\pm$ 0.05. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The actual time spent by dietetic staff members in conventional, commissary, joint-management flood servile systems was 2,394, 2,521 and 2,110 minutes per week, respectively. Transportation time of each flood service systeml and ILO allowance rate (11%) was applied. Thus, the standard work time per week of dietetic staff members in conventional, commissary, joint-management flood service systems was 2,746.14, 2,861.58 and 2,520.81 minutes, respectively. The standardized index was 1.04, 1.08 and 0.95 men in conventional, commissary, and joint-management flood service systems, respectively. Regardless of the school flood service system, those with "the duty of cooking and distribution management" had the longest labor time, while those with "duty of nutritional education" had the shortest labor time.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.171-190
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• 1991

This study focused on time use and the influencing factors of employed wives. Its aims are specified as follows.:1) to figure out the tendency of time use spent on a holiday and weekday by employed wives ; (2) to find out factors influencing the amount of time in each domain spent on each day. The samples were composed for 396 employed wives living in Seoul and Kwangju city who had the eldest child less than 18years old. were sampled based on their work kind, work status, and residential quarter. The results are as follows; 1) Employed wives spend 423 minutes a weekday, and 513 minutes a holiday on the sleep and 522 minutes(weekday ), 618 minutes (holiday) on the total Physiological time 599 minutes (weekday), 72 minutes(holiday) were devoted to the employed time. compared to 214 minutes. 395 minutes for the housework Finally 103 minutes and 349 minutes were assigned to leisure time. Compared with the research results in Japan and the United States, this shows large difference. Korean wives; work time is excessively too long while the time for leisure and psysiological time is too short, which means the life style of Korean wives ti too simple and monotonous. 2) Social demographic variables(such as work status, education, income, wive's relative income rate, family type. family number, the younger child's age, and etc. )and variables connected with employment (such as employed work time and employment motivation) significantly differentiate the time use. A wive with higher education, employment status, and income level, spends more time for the psysiological , leisure time, and manegerial housework time, while spending less time for work and physical housework.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1992

This study has made use of the work sampling for work analysis and productivity of food service institutions centering on 3 general hospitals of 400∼600 beds and centralized service system in Seoul. The results were as flollows; 1. In the mean work percent of dietitians: The indirect work functions marked the highest, as it was 22.0% for the direct work functions, 57.4% for the indirect work functions and 20.6% for the delays. Among the indirect work functions, the decreasing order was original clerical (38.1%), instruction or teaching (8.5%), conference or interview (8.5%), and appraisal (2.3%). 2. In the mean work percent of clerical personnels: The direct work functions (67.2%) marked the highest. Among those, routine clerical was 64.3%, and receiving was 2.8%. 3. In the mean work percent of workers: The direct work functions (77.4%) marked the highest. Among those, the decreasing order was service (24.7%), cooking (22.5%), cleaning (18.2%), and transportation (10.3%). 4. Work percent per labor hour: Dietitians usually continued to work even during the lunch time. In case of clerical personnel working in turn, work percent was high even during the lunch time, however in the other case, it was very low. It was shown that the workers had lunch and break time after every their service. 5. The number of meals served per labor hour were 6.3 meals, and labor time spent per served meal 9.8 minutes.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to analyze the agricultural work and household work of farm couples. Time use survey are vital towards understanding social obligations and also an important input policy analysis. Rural farm work divided into the peak and the off-peak farming seasons was analysed to study the allocation of daily time use among farm couples. The major results are as follow: Farm work time is longer in the peak than in the off-peak. Especially, women farmer's farming work time in the off-peak is still longer than man farmer's that. The gender difference in total work time in this study shows that the women farmers work more. During both seasons, the time allocation of the women farmer were unbalanced because of the differences in the level of workload by gender.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.265-281
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• 2004

This study aims at studying dual-earner couple's household work time and life satisfaction in modern times. To reach this goal, dual-earner couple's variable of society and population, income for working hours, attitude of sex's role and working hours time were classified as individual variable of study model. In the end of 2000, positive analysis was completed through dual-earner couples' frequencies, percentage, means, paired-samples T Test, one-way ANOVA, duncan test, multiple regression and path analysis to 112 Korean couples in 'Research material for comparative analysis of family's time use in Korea and in the United States' performed by Lee, Ki-young, along with 3 person in the end of 2000. The time of household work performance at home at this stage is about 30 hours. 90% of 30 hours was given by housewife who was working for another job. In the aspect of dual-earner couple's life satisfaction, the life satisfaction is a little over the level of average. In variables couple's life satisfaction, wife's life satisfaction was additionally influenced by variable of wife's profession, age difference of couple, wife's household work time husband's household work time and wife's sex-role attitudes in oder. Husband's life satisfaction was perfectly influenced by his level of education, his household work time and wife's sex-role attitudes.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify perceived work-family conflict of married working women and men with children under 12 years. Specifically, This study attempts to examine the differences of relative influence between objective time variables and subjective satisfaction variables unlike previous research. For research, this study used the data of 1012 working men and women from the 3rd Nation survey of Korean Family in 2015. The main results of this study were as following. First, Business hours and cognition of enough leisure time had more relative effect of work${\rightarrow}$family conflict than any other variable. On the other hand, leisure time on weekdays had the effect of family${\rightarrow}$work conflict with women and men. Second, gender differences of work${\rightarrow}$family conflict and family${\rightarrow}$work conflict were identified. In work${\rightarrow}$family conflict, men were influenced cognition of enough leisure time, women were influenced couple conversation time and employment status unlike men. In family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, men were not influenced subjective satisfaction variables. But women were influenced satisfaction with division of child care. Third, in family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, the addition of objective time variables in Model of men resulted in an increased $R^2$-value, but in work${\rightarrow}$family conflict and family${\rightarrow}$work conflict, the addition of subjective satisfaction variables in Model of women resulted in an increased $R^2$-value.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2017

This study aimed to analyze time allocation for men who work long hours and their wives. Using 2014 time-use survey data (provided by Statistics Korea), we analyzed the amount of time spent in four areas-paid work, housework, leisure, and life essentials-of male workers who work more than 52 hours a week and of their wives. Descriptive statistics and a paired t-test were conducted using SPSS version 18.0. The results were as follows: First, the time allocation of men who worked long hours differed from their wives with the exception of personal maintenance time. Second, the working time of wives who work long hours was longer than their husbands who work long. Third, men who worked long hours did less housework when their wives were employed than when they were not employed. All the results showed gender differences in terms of time allocation. Equal role-sharing between spouses is needed for the work-life balance of both husbands and wives.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2016

Previous literature has been investigated various aspects of accident occurrence and prevention in construction field. However, those studied were limited in that they only focused on the death accident without considering the loss time accident. Based on this, the goal of current study was to investigate the nature of the loss time accident, and compare the results with the death accident. Results showed that 1) the occurrence rate of death accident was significantly higher in the form work, temporary work, and steel frame work; 2) the temporary work showed significantly higher occurrence rate of the loss time accident and the death accident as compared to others; 3) ratio of the loss time accident to the death accident in domestic construction field was 50:1; 4) fall accident showed biggest occurrence rate in both the loss time accident and the death accident; and 5) more that 80% of workers in both the loss time accident and the death accident was between 41 and 65 years old.