• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.309-318
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• 2002

An expression of image in visual communication design traditionally has a dose relationship with the mechanical part of several expression media. Especially, an image conversion becomes easter by converging various forms of image such as a pictorial expression, a drawing up a plan, an optical expression and a reflected image into digital data in the image expression using digital mode. In addition, synthesis between various forms of visual ,images is activated by the integration of all expression media into digital mode and thus the extent of the image expression becomes diversified. Moreover, there is a tendency that a various dimensional expression such as 3D and 4D is generalized in the image expression of digital design. A partial or whole image conversion has often occurred during the generalization process of several image forms. Such conversion summarized into two factors, a formative side and a technical side. We described the existing pictorial expression as a formative side, an optical expression as a photography, a materialization of image conversion theory of computer graphic image conversion according to data form as a technical side and specific content according to dimension. We summarized objective and demonstrative resets through a simple simulation using a computer for the contents required a technical and qualitative measure and presented an application program of the particular results from the study to the visual communication design work by a case.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 1993

This work is focussed on the reduction of ethanol separation energy from alcohol fermented broth and categorized into the development of a computer program for the design of the pressurized/depressurized distillation process which has been regarded as one of the energy-reducing models for the conventional distillation process, the optimization of operating conditions of distillation towers by means of the developed program, and the evaluation of the total annual energy cost of pressurized/depressurized distillation columns compared with that of the conventional single distillation columns. The operating pressures are, in case of pressurized/depressurized distillation, 3103/760 mmHg, 3103/450 mmHg, 3103/160 mmHg, and in case of conventional distillation, 760 mmHg. The optimum reflex rations which the sum of the annual energy cost and the annual fixed cost for each process becomes minimum are 3.7475/2.9111 for the operating pressures of 3103/760 mmHg, 3.814/2.9712 for 3103/450 mmHg, 3.0783/2.2400 for 3103/150 mmHg, and 3.8544 for the atmospheric operating pressure. And the annual energy cost of pressurized/depressurized distillation process for the above-mentioned operating pressures is distributed between 42% and 47% of that of conventional distillation process.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

Gas avalanche microdetectors, such as micro-strip gas chamber (MSGC), micro-gap chamber (MGC), micro-dot chamber (MDOT), etc., are operated under high voltage to induce large electron avalanche signal around micro-size anodes. Therefore, the anodes are highly exposed to electrical damage, for example, sparking because of the interaction between high electric field strength and charge multiplication around the anodes. Gas electron multiplier (GEM) is a charge preamplifying device in which charge multiplication can be confined, so that it makes that the charge multiplication region can be separate from the readout micro-anodes in 9as avalanche microdetectors possible. Primary electron collection efficiency is an important measure for the GEM performance. We have defined that the primary electron collection efficiency is the fractional number of electron trajectories reaching to the collection plane from the drift plane through the GEM holes. The electron trajectories were estimated based on 3-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM). In this paper, we present the primary electron collection efficiency with respect to various GEM operation parameters. This simulation work will be very useful for the better design of the GEM.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.10
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• pp.691-699
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• 2014

In order to increase network lifetime, duty-cycle MAC protocols which can reduce energy consumption caused by idle listening is proposed for WSNs. In common duty-cycle MAC protocols, each sensor node calculates its duty-cycle interval based on the current amount of residual energy. However, in WSNs with the capability of energy harvesting, existing duty-cycle intervals based on the residual energy may cause the sensor nodes which have high energy harvesting rate to suffer unnecessary sleep latency. Therefore, a duty-cycle scheduling scheme which adjust the duty-cycle interval based on both of the residual energy and the energy harvesting rate was proposed in our previous work. However, since this duty-cycle MAC protocol overlooked the performance variation according to the change of duty-cycle interval and adjusted the duty-cycle interval only linearly, the optimal duty-cycle interval could not be obtained to meet application requirements. In this paper, we propose three methods which calculate the duty-cycle interval and analyse their results. Through simulation study, we verify that network lifetime, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio can be improved up to 23%, 44% and 31% as compared to the existing linear duty-cycle scheduling method, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.165-178
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• 2011

A gigantic ship is constructed by assembling various types of ship blocks, each block being made by cutting and piecing the steel-plates together. The steel-plate piling process as the initial stage of ship construction sorts and manages the steel-plates according to the ship blocks that the steel-plates are used to make. The steel-plate piling process poses some problems such as process delay due to piling errors, safety vulnerability due to the handling of extra heavy-weight objects, and the uncertainty of work plan due to lack of information management in the pile spaces. We constructed a steel-plate piling process system based on the context-aware computing to resolve such problems. We built simulation system that can simulate the piling process and then established a smart space within the system by using tags, sensors and a real-time location system in order to collect context information. Workers receive an appropriate or intelligent service from the system.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

In the present work, an electrowinning process in the LiCl-KCl/Cd system is considered to model and analyze the electrotransport of the actinide and rare-earth elements. A simple dynamic modeling of this process was performed by taking into account the material balances and diffusion-controlled electrochemical reactions in a diffusion boundary layer at an electrode interface between the molten salt electrolyte and liquid cadmium cathode. The proposed modeling approach was based on the half-cell reduction reactions of metal chloride occurring on the cathode. This model demonstrated a capability for the prediction of the concentration behaviors, a faradic current of each element and an electrochemical potential as function of the time up to the corresponding electrotransport satisfying a given applied current based on a galvanostatic electrolysis. The results of selected case studies including five elements (U, Pu, Am, La, Nd) system are shown, and a preliminary simulation is carried out to show how the model can be used to understand the electrochemical characteristics and provide better information for developing an advanced electrowinner.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2012

Recently, as the needs of developing the micro autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) are increasing, the acquisition of the elementary technology is urgent. While they mostly utilizes information of the forward looking sonar (FLS) in conventional studies of the local path control as an elementary technology, it is desirable to use the obstacle avoidance sonar (OAS) because the size of the FLS is not suitable for the micro AUV. In brief, the local path control system based on the OAS for the micro AUV operates with the following problems: the OAS offers low bearing resolution and local range information, it requires the system that has reduced power consumption to extend the mission execution time, and it requires an easy design procedure in terms of its structures and parameters. To solve these problems, an intelligent local path control algorithm based on the beam modeling of OAS with the evolution strategy (ES) and the fuzzy logic controller (FLC), is proposed. To verify the performance and analyze the characteristic of the proposed algorithm, the course control of the underwater flight vehicle (UFV) is performed in the horizontal plane. Simulation results show that the feasibility of real application and the necessity of additional work in the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

This work tackles the problem of conventional reinforcement learning scheme which has a relatively long training time to reduce energy consumption in underwater network. The enhanced scheme adjusts the learning range of reinforcement learning based on distance estimation. It can be reduce the scope of learning. To take account the fact that the distance estimation may not be accurate due to the underwater wireless network characteristics. this research added noise in consideration of the underwater environment. In simulation result, the proposed AQ-NAV scheme has completed learning much faster than existing method. AQ-NAV can finish the training process within less than 40 episodes. But the existing method requires more than 120 episodes. The result show that learning is possible with fewer attempts than the previous one. If AQ-NAV will be applied in Underwater Networks, It will affect energy efficiency. and It will be expected to relieved existing problem and increase network efficiency.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

According to the worldwide efforts to reduce greenhouse gases consequent upon climatic change, the field of road traffic is also making diverse efforts to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Among these, the exhaust gases from vehicles, the so-called main culprit of the greenhouse gases will take place the more as delay and tie-up of vehicles ever take place. Accordingly, as a scheme for reducing the delay & tie-up of vehicles, it's possible to bring up the idea of supply of new facilities and management of the existing facilities; recently, a lot more focus is being put on the management of the existing facilities due to enormous amounts of construction cost. In the midst of growing concern for traffic demand management policy, it's about the time we should do research on the tollbooth metering on the expressway whose research is almost non-existent home and abroad. As a traffic demand management policy coming to happen in case of the management of pay expressway like Japan and Korea, this research analyzed the contents of tollbooth metering, its effect and its subsequent convenience. Especially as a tool for effect analysis, this research made an analysis using VISSIM-a micro-simulation tool. As the tollbooth metering promoted, as a part of green traffic promotion strategy, is expected to contribute to improvement in traffic flow and reduction in carbon emissions, etc. It seems that there needs to be continuous research work on the management plan & revitalization plan for maximization of its effect later as well.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

Gaze detection is to locate the position on a monitor screen where a user is looking by computer vision. Gaze detection systems have numerous fields of application. They are applicable to the man-machine interface for helping the handicapped to use computers and the view control in three dimensional simulation programs. In our work, we implement it with a computer vision system setting a IR-LED based single camera. To detect the gaze position, we locate facial features, which is effectively performed with IR-LED based camera and SVM(Support Vector Machine). When a user gazes at a position of monitor, we can compute the 3D positions of those features based on 3D rotation and translation estimation and affine transform. Finally, the gaze position by the facial movements is computed from the normal vector of the plane determined by those computed 3D positions of features. In addition, we use a trained neural network to detect the gaze position by eye's movement. As experimental results, we can obtain the facial and eye gaze position on a monitor and the gaze position accuracy between the computed positions and the real ones is about 4.8 cm of RMS error.