• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

This research aimed to identify characteristics of housing repairs for the weak class in rural area. Data are analyzed by the status according to year focusing on voluntary activity of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture that is performing more than 10 years. The results are followings. First, approximately 63.3% of residents living in benefit houses are 70s and 80s in their age. They are weak in financial and physical and they have more than two weak points. Second, housing repairs were performed total 1,990 cases among 797 houses and average 2.5 cases per one house. Repair work in house interior is at the highest, the next is repair work in kitchen, repair work related to restroom, repair work for housing structure improvement, and repair work for insulation in order. Third, repair work required difficult work process and high cost is tend to decrease recently. However, work changing of wallpaper and papered floor and performing in outside is tend to increase because it has simple work process and low cost. Finally, barrier free needs to be more actively reflected for the weak class in rural area.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.76.5-76
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• 2002

In this paper, we provide a Nash solution to predictive control problem for nonminimum phase singular nonlinear systems. Until now, there is no result on predictive control problem for this class of nonlinear systems. Chen's recent work considered predictive control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with ill-defined relative degree. Since his work is not a result considered in the feedback linearization framework, there is no a result on singular probem in his paper. In contrast to the existing predictive control result, our work considers two main obstacles (singularity and nonminimum phase) in the feedback linearization framework. For a generally formu...

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2000

Mathematics is extreme the differences of the scholarly attainments in comparison with other subjects at a middle school. Specially, the students at islands and places leave much to be desired the scholarly attainments standards of mathematics. Therefore, every school takes movement class according to level these days. And the small schools put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups. These classes are effective at the scholarly attainments extension to some degree, but each student is extreme the differences of scholarly attainments. On this, the small school was the subject of study at the present research and put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups. The students were divided in three groups; the top class, average, the low class, And they were offered the fitting textbooks matching the cooperation of group work and the opportunities of discovery learning fitting an individual ability and standard. Consequently, some educational materials were made, for example, question papers, commonness learning materials, choice learning materials. These materials were put in effect to the students to be able to succeed discovery learning. With this, the students were investigated an interest of mathematics and the influence giving at the studies attainment. And the students were put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups to improve uniformity and sturdiness of the mathematical education. The conclusion at the present research is as follows. 1) When the students put in effect the cooperation of group work through the small groups, the scholarly attainments of mathematics totally didn't display useful changes as improvement. However, the students of average and the low class gradually seemed to improve the scholarly attainments of mathematics as the help of the top class positively. 2) An individual and cooperation learning in the method of the cooperation of group work through the small groups displayed many changes at the learning attitude of the students by means of discovery learning thanks to the learning heads. 3) When the investigator put in effect the cooperation of group work through rather the small groups than the large groups, the numbers of the students experiencing interest about mathematics increased in 26% and this learning method should continue to progress.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2012

Creativity is one of the most popular keyword used in today's society due to it's important role as the major post modern economic drive force. Richard Florida calls the group of people who work in this creative industry as the 'Creative Class' and this theory has affected many organizations and cities. However, little is known about the work environment of this class, so many designers find it difficult to understand how they may encourage creativity in the actual physical setting. Therefore the purpose of this research is to understand the major characteristics of this 'Creative Class' and their working styles in order to develop a theoretical framework for the creative work environment and present a case study of NHN Company main office building. The researcher has indicated three major characteristics of the creative work environment such as 'Individuality', 'Socialization', and 'Experiential' and through the developed framework found that in NHN building 'Socialization' through overlapping territories and programs, spatial openness were used as key methods of encouraging creativity. It is hoped that this research may be used as a useful guide in designing various types of creative work environment for the future.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.430-439
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• 2018

The preservice elementary teachers' goal orientations for science teaching (mastery/ability-approach/ ability-avoidance/work-avoidance goal) were measured. We also examined how the goal orientations were related to their images of science class (preferred/avoided). The results showed that the student teachers (75 males and 82 females) tended to have the mastery or ability-approach goals rather than the ability-avoidance or work-avoidance goals for science teaching. For avoided class, they tended to show teacher-centered components (eg., teacher: lecturing, students: watching and listening, environment: chalkboard), while rarely to show such teacher-centered components for preferred class. Regarding the relationships between the goal orientations and the images of science class, the significantly positive relationship was found between the ability-approach goal orientation and teacher-centered image of avoided class. However, the teacher-centered image for preferred class was positively related to the ability-avoidance goal orientation. The educational implications and future directions were discussed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to make it sure how pupils' science inquiry skills and attitude are influenced when they are taught by using the work-sheets for the differentiated learning according to their ability. In order to accomplish this aim, two classes of the fourth grade in the elementary school were distinguished into two groups: one was the experimental class and the other, the comparative class. The experimental class was given 52 hours of science lessons using the above sheets, and the comparative class, the general method of teaching. In order to compare their scientific interest and learning ability of the two groups each other, pupils were tested the standardized achievement in advance. The two groups were also given "ex post facto test" to measure the variation of their inquiry skills and attitude after the lessons. In addition, the experimental class was tested to measure their learning attitude after they are teamed the science with the sheets. The results of this study are as follows: 1. According to the percentile statistics of the science inquiry skills test between the two groups, the work-sheets for the differentiated teaming helped pupils develope their inquiry skills remarkably. 2. The work-sheets did not lead to significant difference between the learning ability of boys and girls. 3. The science lesson using the work-sheets showed positive influences in increasing pupils' scientific attitude. 4. About 77.2 percent of pupils accepted the excellent records of the evaluation in the science lesson using the sheets. It can be, therefore, concluded that the science lesson using the work-sheets for differentiated teaming is one of effective science lessons to increasing pupils' science inquiry skills, compared with the general teaching method.

• 고전문학과교육
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• 제33호
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• pp.45-82
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• 2016

수업은 교사와 학생의 교육적 만남을 매개(媒介)하는 학교 교육의 핵심적인 현상으로, 교과교육 연구의 중요한 대상이다. 교실 수업은 학교 교육에 기대하는 많은 것을 함축하고 있는 장면이기 때문에, 이러한 교실 수업현상이나 교사의 수업 행위를 깊이 있게 이해하고 해석할 수 있는 이론이자 방법으로서 수업 비평은 긴요하다. 이에 본 연구는 고전문학교육 연구의 지평을 수업 현상에 대한 실제적이고 경험적인 연구로 확장해 나가기 위한 시도로 고전소설 수업에 대한 수업 비평을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 수업 비평의 텍스트로 삼은 고전소설 수업은 교과서의 작품에 대한 분석적 독해를 주로 하는 전형적인 고전소설 수업이었다. 그럼에도 교사는 고전소설에 대한 학생들의 막연한 거부감을 공감으로 전환시키면서, 작품을 감상하고 내면화할 수 있도록 이끌어 나가는 모습을 보였다. 자칫훈고주석에 치우칠 수밖에 없는 고전소설 수업에서 학생들의 공감과 반응이 들려올 수 있었던 데에는 작품에 대한 교사의 안목과 경험, 문학교육적 지식과 방법 등이 작품을 읽어 나가는 수업 전반에 투영되었기 때문이다. 특히 비교적 많은 시간을 할애하며 교사가 직접 작품의 서사를 구연(口演)해 나간 것은 고전소설 수업으로서의 그 가치와 의미를 여실히 드러낸 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 수업 비평의 관점에 터해, 다기(多岐)한 장면으로 펼쳐지는 고전소설 수업의 실제 사례를 수집하고, 그 의미를 읽어내려는 시도가 거듭되어야 한다. 수업 비평과 같은, 수업 현상을 기반으로 하는 연구를 통해 고전문학교육에 대한 새로운 성찰과 발견이 가능해질 것이다.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-97
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• 2012

이 연구는 중고령자의 근로여부와 근로시간 선호에 영향을 미치는 요인을 국가비교적 관점에서 경험적으로 분석하였으며, 특히 계층효과, 일에 대한 관점, 노동시장 구조의 배출효과와 사회보장제도 등의 유인요인 효과 등의 가설을 검증하기 위해 국제인식조사자료를 이용하여 18개국에 대한 다층분석을 수행하였다. 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 계층과 관계없이 대다수의 고령자들이 일하기를 원하며, 따라서 대다수 중고령자의 비근로는 일을 하지 않으려는 자발적인 선택이 아닐 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다. 둘째, 55-64세 집단에 있어서는 계층이 높을수록 일을 계속할 가능성이 높은 계층간 불평등이 발견되었다. 셋째, 근로여부와 근로시간 선호는 사회보장제도의 관대성보다는 시간제 근로비중 등 고령자에게 적합한 유연한 일자리가 제공되느냐에 더 영향을 받음을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 적어도 국가 비교적 관점에서 볼 때 고령자 근로의 핵심적인 문제는 노동공급측의 문제(즉 고령자의 근로의욕)라기보다는 노동수요측의 문제, 퇴직 유인의 문제보다는 일자리 상황과 구조의 문제라고 보여진다.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2005

A hull form of Baltic ice class IA Aframax tanker has been developed taking into consideration of powering performance in brash ice channels based on IA class rules. Speed performance of the ship hull form in normal seagoing has been validated through model tests in a towing tank. The hull form design developed in this work has demonstrated good speed performance in normal seagoing although the ship design is entitled to ice class IA.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.549-561
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• 2009

Purpose: Work-related stress and risk factors among Korean employees were identified in this study. Methods: Data were obtained from employees aged 20 to 64 using the Korean Working Conditions Survey 2006 (KWCS). Multiple logistic regression analysis using SAS version 9.1 was performed to examine risk factors of work-related stress by gender. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of work-related stress among male and female employees was 18.4% and 15.1% respectively. After adjustments for multiple variables among both male and female employees, there was a significant relationship between work-related stress and risk factors including education, company size, work time, ergonomic risks, biological chemical risks, and job demands. The significant variables for male employees were housework load, occupational class, and shift work, and for female employees, type of employment. Conclusion: There is a need to develop and support intensive stress management programs nationally giving consideration to work-related stress associated with working time, physical working environment, and job demands. Based on gender specific approaches, for male employes, stress management programs should be developed with consideration being given to occupational class and shift work. For stress management programs for female employees, consideration needs to be given to permanent employment status, specifically those in small companies.