• 벤처창업연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2016

비영리조직의 도덕적 해이성에 대한 사회적 문제의 표출과 더불어 서비스 책무성에 대한 사회적 관심의 증가에 따라 비영리조직의 사업성과에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 비영리의 대표적인 영역으로 사회복지를 제시할 수 있으며, 사회복지조직은 사람을 매개로하여 제공되는 휴먼서비스의 특징을 지닌다. 따라서 사회복지조직의 사업성과에 인적자원, 즉 사회복지사의 조직몰입과 같은 요소가 미치는 영향은 크다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 사회복지조직은 부적합한 업무환경과 과다한 업무부담 및 노동강도 그리고 낮은 처우 등으로 인하여 매우 높은 이직률을 나타내고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 부산지역 복지조직의 사회복지사를 대상으로 조직몰입이 이직의도와 사업성과에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 한다. 자료분석을 위하여 SPSS WIN 18.0을 이용하였으며, 각 변인별 빈도분석 및 기술통계를 통하여 일반적 특성을 파악하고, 주요 변인의 상관관계와 인과관계를 알아보기 위하여 Pearson 상관관계분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 사회복지사의 조직몰입은 규범적 몰입 3.36, 지속적 몰입 3.07, 정서적 몰입 2.75순으로 나타났다. 규범적 몰입은 보통보다 조금 높게, 지속적 몰입은 보통, 정서적 몰입은 보통보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 사회복지사의 이직의도는 2.71, 사업성과의 경우 2.79로 나타나, 이직의도와 사업성과는 모두 보통보다 조금 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 사회복지사의 이직은 정서적 몰입, 혼인상태, 업무량, 연령 등이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회복지조직의 사업성과에 정서적 몰입, 성별, 연령 등이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 비영리조직의 경영이나 창업에 있어, 인적자원의 요소 특히, 조직몰입 중 정서적 몰입을 체계적으로 관리함으로써, 이직의도를 감소시키고 사업성과를 향상해야 할 것이다.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.365-381
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• 2017

본 연구는 이전 연구 (Park et al. 2015)에서 POCoM (Practical On-site Cooperation Model)이 긍정적으로 과학수업을 개선할 수 있었다는 결과에 기초하여, 보다 다양한 상황에서도 POCoM의 긍정적인 결과를 기대할 수 있는지, 그에 따라 POCoM을 일반화할 수 있는지를 탐색해 보기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 이전 연구결과를 포함한 총 18개 순환 (총 72개 수업)을 교실 수업과 실험실 수업으로 나누고, 1차 순환과 얼마의 기간 후에 다시 실시된 2차 순환으로 나누고, 또 본 연구를 계획한 연구자가 수업 개선을 노력한 경우와 다른 전문가들이 수업 개선을 위해 노력한 경우로 각각 나누어 다음 3가지 측면을 중심으로 POCoM의 적용결과를 비교하였다: 전체적인 수업 개선율, 개선이 필요하다고 분석된 KTOP (Korean Teaching Observation Protocol) 항목 수와 4차시까지 진행되면서 나타난 이러한 항목 수의 변화. 분석 결과, 1차 순환 이후에 POCoM을 2차로 적용해도 동일한 개선효과를 볼 수 있었으며, 이 결과로부터 2차 순환 후 일상적 과학학습에서도 개선 효과가 유지될 것으로 예측되었다. 그리고 교실 수업과 실험실 수업 모두에서 POCoM 적용을 통한 유사한 개선 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 다른 전문가들이 적용한 경우에는 본 연구자가 적용한 경우보다 통계적인 차이가 있지는 않았지만, 개선율이 적게 나타나고 개선이 필요한 항목수도 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다른 전문가들도 6차시까지 개선을 계속하면, 본 연구자가 4차시까지 적용하면서 얻은 개선 정도를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 예측되었다. 결론적으로 POCoM은 다양한 상황에 적용할 수 있으며, 다양한 상황에서 큰 차이가 없는 효과를 기대할 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• 인지과학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 변화 탐지 수행에서 주의와 의식이 미치는 각각의 효과 크기에 대해 관찰하였다. 주의와 의식이 결합된 단서조건과 의식적 접근이 차단된 주의 단서가 제시된 조건에서 과제 수행결과를 비교하여 의식의 효과 크기를 확인하였으며, 의식적 접근이 차단된 주의 단서조건과 주의 단서가 없는 통제 조건에서 과제 수행결과를 비교하여 주의의 효과 크기를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 변화 탐지과제와 연속 플래시 억제(continuous flash suppression, CFS) 현상을 사용하였다. CFS는 한 쪽 눈에 빠르고 연속적으로 변화하는 몬드리안 패턴이 제시되었을 때 관찰자의 다른 쪽 눈에 제시된 정적 시각 자극을 인식하지 못하는 현상이다. CFS 현상을 촉발하기 위해 선행연구에서 주로 사용된 거울입체경 대신 스마트폰과 구글 카드보드를 사용하였다. 실험 1-1에서는 새로운 실험 기기로 구현한 CFS 현상이 시각자극의 인식을 억제하는데 선행연구와 유사한 결과를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 실험 1-2에서는 강제선택과제를 수행할 때, 새로운 실험 기기를 통해 제시된 비의식적 자극이 단서로 충분히 작용하는지 알아보았다. 실험결과, 선행연구와 비교하여 비의식적 자극이 단서로서 주의를 끄는데 더욱 강하게 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 실험 1-1과 1-2를 통해서 스마트폰과 구글 카드보드를 사용하여 촉발한 CFS 현상을 후속연구에 사용하는데 적합하다고 판단하였다. 실험 2에서는 변화 탐지과제를 수행할 때, 제시되는 단서의 의식 수준을 조작하여 과제 수행에 의식과 주의가 미치는 효과크기를 알아보았다. 독립변인을 제외한 나머지를 유지하는 방법으로 해당 요인이 전체 수행에 미치는 효과를 분리하였다. 실험결과, 단서자극을 의식하는 수준에 따라 변화 탐지수행의 평균 정확도에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 비의식적 단서는 의식적 단서가 제시되는 조건이나 단서가 제시되지 않는 조건과 다른 변화 탐지 패턴을 보임으로써 변화 탐지와 같은 인지적 처리과정에서 주의와 의식이 미치는 효과가 다름을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 정보처리과정에서 의식과 주의가 과제수행에 미치는 효과의 크기를 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1980

The research work is concerned with the analytical and experimental studies on the heat transfer phenomenon around the underground concrete digester used for biogas production Systems. A mathematical and computational method was developed to estimate heat losses from underground cylindrical concrete digester used for biogas production systems. To test its feasibility and to evaluate thermal parameters of materials related, the method was applied to six physical model digesters. The cylindrical concrete digester was taken as a physical model, to which the model,atical model of heat balance can be applied. The mathematical model was transformed by means of finite element method and used to analyze temperature distribution with respect to several boundary conditions and design parameters. The design parameters of experimental digesters were selected as; three different sizes 40cm by 80cm, 80cm by 160cm and l00cm by 200cm in diameter and height; two different levels of insulation materials-plain concrete and vermiculite mixing in concrete; and two different types of installation-underground and half-exposed. In order to carry out a particular aim of this study, the liquid within the digester was substituted by water, and its temperature was controlled in five levels-35。 C, 30。 C, 25。 C, 20。C and 15。C; and the ambient air temperature and ground temperature were checked out of the system under natural winter climate conditions. The following results were drawn from the study. 1.The analytical method, by which the estimated values of temperature distribution around a cylindrical digester were obtained, was able to be generally accepted from the comparison of the estimated values with the measured. However, the difference between the estimated and measured temperature had a trend to be considerably increased when the ambient temperature was relatively low. This was mainly related variations of input parameters including the thermal conductivity of soil, applied to the numerical analysis. Consequently, the improvement of these input data for the simulated operation of the numerical analysis is expected as an approach to obtain better refined estimation. 2.The difference between estimated and measured heat losses was shown to have the similar trend to that of temperature distribution discussed above. 3.It was found that a map of isothermal lines drawn from the estimated temperature distribution was very useful for a general observation of the direction and rate of heat transfer within the boundary. From this analysis, it was interpreted that most of heat losses is passed through the triangular section bounded within 45 degrees toward the wall at the bottom edge of the digesten Therefore, any effective insulation should be considered within this region. 4.It was verified by experiment that heat loss per unit volume of liquid was reduced as the size of the digester became larger For instance, at the liquid temperature of 35˚ C, the heat loss per unit volume from the 0. 1m$^3$ digester was 1, 050 Kcal/hr m$^3$, while at for 1. 57m$^3$ digester was 150 Kcal/hr m$^3$. 5.In the light of insulation, the vermiculite concrete was consistently shown to be superior to the plain concrete. At the liquid temperature ranging from 15。 C to 350 C, the reduction of heat loss was ranged from 5% to 25% for the half-exposed digester, while from 10% to 28% for the fully underground digester. 6.In the comparison of heat loss between the half-exposed and underground digesters, the heat loss from the former was fr6m 1,6 to 2, 6 times as much as that from the latter. This leads to the evidence that the underground digester takes advantage of heat conservation during winter.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.27-47
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• 1992

Engineers have developed new instruments that aid in diagnosis and therapy Ultrasonic imaging has provided a nondamaging method of imaging internal organs. A complex transducer emits ultrasonic waves at many angles and reconstructs a map of internal anatomy and also velocities of blood in vessels. Fast computed tomography permits reconstruction of the 3-dimensional anatomy and perfusion of the heart at 20-Hz rates. Positron emission tomography uses certain isotopes that produce positrons that react with electrons to simultaneously emit two gamma rays in opposite directions. It locates the region of origin by using a ring of discrete scintillation detectors, each in electronic coincidence with an opposing detector. In magnetic resonance imaging, the patient is placed in a very strong magnetic field. The precessing of the hydrogen atoms is perturbed by an interrogating field to yield two-dimensional images of soft tissue having exceptional clarity. As an alternative to radiology image processing, film archiving, and retrieval, picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are being implemented. Images from computed radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and ultrasound are digitized, transmitted, and stored in computers for retrieval at distributed work stations. In electrical impedance tomography, electrodes are placed around the thorax. 50-kHz current is injected between two electrodes and voltages are measured on all other electrodes. A computer processes the data to yield an image of the resistivity of a 2-dimensional slice of the thorax. During fetal monitoring, a corkscrew electrode is screwed into the fetal scalp to measure the fetal electrocardiogram. Correlations with uterine contractions yield information on the status of the fetus during delivery To measure cardiac output by thermodilution, cold saline is injected into the right atrium. A thermistor in the right pulmonary artery yields temperature measurements, from which we can calculate cardiac output. In impedance cardiography, we measure the changes in electrical impedance as the heart ejects blood into the arteries. Motion artifacts are large, so signal averaging is useful during monitoring. An intraarterial blood gas monitoring system permits monitoring in real time. Light is sent down optical fibers inserted into the radial artery, where it is absorbed by dyes, which reemit the light at a different wavelength. The emitted light travels up optical fibers where an external instrument determines O2, CO2, and pH. Therapeutic devices include the electrosurgical unit. A high-frequency electric arc is drawn between the knife and the tissue. The arc cuts and the heat coagulates, thus preventing blood loss. Hyperthermia has demonstrated antitumor effects in patients in whom all conventional modes of therapy have failed. Methods of raising tumor temperature include focused ultrasound, radio-frequency power through needles, or microwaves. When the heart stops pumping, we use the defibrillator to restore normal pumping. A brief, high-current pulse through the heart synchronizes all cardiac fibers to restore normal rhythm. When the cardiac rhythm is too slow, we implant the cardiac pacemaker. An electrode within the heart stimulates the cardiac muscle to contract at the normal rate. When the cardiac valves are narrowed or leak, we implant an artificial valve. Silicone rubber and Teflon are used for biocompatibility. Artificial hearts powered by pneumatic hoses have been implanted in humans. However, the quality of life gradually degrades, and death ensues. When kidney stones develop, lithotripsy is used. A spark creates a pressure wave, which is focused on the stone and fragments it. The pieces pass out normally. When kidneys fail, the blood is cleansed during hemodialysis. Urea passes through a porous membrane to a dialysate bath to lower its concentration in the blood. The blind are able to read by scanning the Optacon with their fingertips. A camera scans letters and converts them to an array of vibrating pins. The deaf are able to hear using a cochlear implant. A microphone detects sound and divides it into frequency bands. 22 electrodes within the cochlea stimulate the acoustic the acoustic nerve to provide sound patterns. For those who have lost muscle function in the limbs, researchers are implanting electrodes to stimulate the muscle. Sensors in the legs and arms feed back signals to a computer that coordinates the stimulators to provide limb motion. For those with high spinal cord injury, a puff and sip switch can control a computer and permit the disabled person operate the computer and communicate with the outside world.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.5-5
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• 2011

The research and development of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and electric vehicle (EV) are intensified due to the energy crisis and environmental concerns. In order to meet the challenging requirements of powering HEV, PHEV and EV, the current lithium battery technology needs to be significantly improved in terms of the cost, safety, power and energy density, as well as the calendar and cycle life. One new technology being developed is the utilization of composite cathode by mixing two different types of insertion compounds [e.g., spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ and layered $LiMO_2$ (M=Ni, Co, and Mn)]. Recently, some studies on mixing two different types of cathode materials to make a composite cathode have been reported, which were aimed at reducing cost and improving self-discharge. Numata et al. reported that when stored in a sealed can together with electrolyte at $80^{\circ}C$ for 10 days, the concentrations of both HF and $Mn^{2+}$ were lower in the can containing $LiMn_2O_4$ blended with $LiNi_{0.8}Co_{0.2}O_2$ than that containing $LiMn_2O_4$ only. That reports clearly showed that this blending technique can prevent the decline in capacity caused by cycling or storage at elevated temperatures. However, not much work has been reported on the charge-discharge characteristics and related structural phase transitions for these composite cathodes. In this presentation, we will report our in situ x-ray diffraction studies on this mixed composite cathode material during charge-discharge cycling. The mixed cathodes were incorporated into in situ XRD cells with a Li foil anode, a Celgard separator, and a 1M $LiPF_6$ electrolyte in a 1 : 1 EC : DMC solvent (LP 30 from EM Industries, Inc.). For in situ XRD cell, Mylar windows were used as has been described in detail elsewhere. All of these in situ XRD spectra were collected on beam line X18A at National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory using two different detectors. One is a conventional scintillation detector with data collection at 0.02 degree in two theta angle for each step. The other is a wide angle position sensitive detector (PSD). The wavelengths used were 1.1950 ${\AA}$ for the scintillation detector and 0.9999 A for the PSD. The newly installed PSD at beam line X18A of NSLS can collect XRD patterns as short as a few minutes covering $90^{\circ}$ of two theta angles simultaneously with good signal to noise ratio. It significantly reduced the data collection time for each scan, giving us a great advantage in studying the phase transition in real time. The two theta angles of all the XRD spectra presented in this paper have been recalculated and converted to corresponding angles for ${\lambda}=1.54\;{\AA}$, which is the wavelength of conventional x-ray tube source with Cu-$k{\alpha}$ radiation, for easy comparison with data in other literatures. The structural changes of the composite cathode made by mixing spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ and layered $Li-Ni_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ in 1 : 1 wt% in both Li-half and Li-ion cells during charge/discharge are studied by in situ XRD. During the first charge up to ~5.2 V vs. $Li/Li^+$, the in situ XRD spectra for the composite cathode in the Li-half cell track the structural changes of each component. At the early stage of charge, the lithium extraction takes place in the $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ component only. When the cell voltage reaches at ~4.0 V vs. $Li/Li^+$, lithium extraction from the spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ component starts and becomes the major contributor for the cell capacity due to the higher rate capability of $LiMn_2O_4$. When the voltage passed 4.3 V, the major structural changes are from the $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ component, while the $LiMn_2O_4$ component is almost unchanged. In the Li-ion cell using a MCMB anode and a composite cathode cycled between 2.5 V and 4.2 V, the structural changes are dominated by the spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ component, with much less changes in the layered $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ component, comparing with the Li-half cell results. These results give us valuable information about the structural changes relating to the contributions of each individual component to the cell capacity at certain charge/discharge state, which are helpful in designing and optimizing the composite cathode using spinel- and layered-type materials for Li-ion battery research. More detailed discussion will be presented at the meeting.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2003년도 Challenges and Achievements in Environmental Health
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• pp.24-25
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• 2003

Lead is ubiquitous in the human environment as a result of industrialization. China's rapid industrialization and traffic growth have increased the potential for lead emissions. Lead poisoning in children is one of the most common public health problems today, and it is entirely preventable. Children are more vulnerable to lead pollution and lead in their bodies can affect their nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems. Children are exposed to lead from different sources (such as paint, gasoline, and solder) and through different pathways (such as air, food, water, dust, and soil). Although all children are exposed to some lead from food, air, dust, and soil, some children are exposed to high dose sources of lead. Significant sources of lead for China's children include industrial emissions (often close to housing and schools), leaded gasoline, and occupational exposure that occurs when parents wear lead-contaminated clothing home from work, burning of coal for home heat and cooking, contaminated food, and some traditional medicines. To assess the blood lead level in children in China, a large-scale study was conducted in 19 cities among 9 provinces during 1997 to 2000. There were 6502 children, aged 3-5 years, were recruited in the study The result indicates that the mean blood lead level was 8.83ug/dl 3-5 year old living in city area. The mean blood lead level of boys was higher than that of girls (9.1l ug/dl vs 8.73ug/dl). Almost 30 percent childrens blood lead level exceeded 10ug/dl. The average blood lead level was higher than that of in 1985 (8.83ug/dl vs 8.lug/dl). An epidemiological study was carried on the children living around the cottage industries recycling the lead from battery. Nine hundreds fifty nine children, aged 5-12 years, living in lead polluted villages where the lead smelters located near the residential area and 207 control children live in unpolluted area were recruited in the study. The lead levels in air, soil, drinking water and crops were measured. The blood lead and ZnPP level were tested for all subjects. The results show that the local environment was polluted. The lead levels both in the air and crops were much higher than that of in control area. In the polluted area, the average blood level was 49.6ug/dl (rang 19.5-89.3ug/dl). Whereas, in the unpolluted area, the average blood level was 12.4ug/dl (rang 4.6-24.8ug/dl). This study indicates that in some countryside area, some cottage industries induce seriously lead pollution and cause children health problem. For the introducing of unleaded gasoline in some large cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, the blood lead level showed a declined trend since 1997. By 2000, the use of leaded gasoline in motor vehicles has been prohibited in China. The most recent data available show that levels of lead in blood among children in Shanghai decreased from 8.3ug/dl in 1997 to 7.6ug/dl in 1999. The prevalence rate of children lead poisoning (blood lead >10ug/dl) was also decreased from 37.8% to 24.8%. In children living in downtown area, the blood lead level reduced dramatically. To explore the relationship between gene polymorphisms and individual susceptibility of lead poisoning, a molecular epidemiological study was conducted among children living in lead polluted environment. The result showed that the subjects with ALAD2 allele has higher ZPP level, and the subjects with VDR B allele has larger head circumference than only with b allele. In the present study, we demonstrated that ALAD genotypes modify lead effects on heme metabolism and VDR gene variants influence the skull development in highly exposed children. The polymorphism of ALAD and VDR genes might be the molecular inherited factor modifying the susceptibility of lead poisoning. Recently, Chinese government pays more attention to lead pollution and lead poisoning in children problem. The leaded gasoline was prohibited used in motor vehicles since 2000. The government has decided to have a clampdown on the high-polluted lead smelters for recycling the lead from battery in countryside. It is hopeful that the risk of lead poisoning in children will be decreased in the further

• 환경정책연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.3-37
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• 2012

우리나라의 국토 및 환경 분야를 다루는 다양한 국가계획에서 생물다양성 보전 및 보호지역 주요 이슈가 어떻게 다뤄지고 있는지를 고찰하고 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 생물다양성협약의 "생물다양성 2011~2020 전략목표"와 "보호지역 결정문" 내용을 토대로 주요 이슈를 선정한 후, 주요 이슈별로 우리나라 국토 및 환경 관련 주요 중장기 국가계획 7개의 내용을 정리 분석하였다. 생물다양성 2011~2020 전략목표 5와 관련하여 녹지총량제, 습지총량제 등 거의 모든 국가계획에서 다양한 제도 도입과 활용을 다루고 있으며, 보호지역 확대와 관련된 전략목표 11(2020년까지 육상 육수 생태계 17%, 연안 해양 생태계 10%)의 경우 우리나라는 국토면적 대비 보호지역 15%(2015년), 연안 해양보호구역 13%(2015년, 2020년)로 목표를 제시하고 있다. 보호지역 결정문의 주요 권고사항인 국가별 보호지역 실행프로그램(PoWPA)의 장기 이행계획 수립 개정에 대한 내용은 언급되지 않고 있으나, 관심이 필요한 10가지 보호지역 이슈에 대해서는 각종 국가계획에서 다양하게 다뤄지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 그 내용의 충분성 및 국가 계획별 상호 연계성 등에 있어서는 개선의 여지가 많음을 보여주고 있었다. 특히 "보호지역 관리효과성평가"의 경우 당사국에 2015년까지 국가 보호지역의 60%까지 수행하고 그 결과를 보고하도록 권고하고 있으나, 각종 국가계획에서 이에 대한 직접적 기술은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 고찰내용을 토대로 한 제안사항은 (1) "국토종합계획"에서 자연환경 보전이 국가경쟁력의 주요 요소임을 인지하고 생물다양성 및 보호지역 이슈에 대한 내용 강화, (2) 관련 국가계획들간의 상호 연계성 강화를 통한 효과적인 국가 보호지역 목표 성취를 위해 국가 환경 분야의 최상위 국가계획에서 범부처 차원의 "국가 보호지역시스템 계획" 수립, (3) 국가차원의 "보호지역실행프로그램 중장기 이행계획" 수립, (4) 각종 국가계획에 "생물다양성 전략목표"와 관련된 성과목표 설정과 보호지역결정문에서 권고하고 있는 주요 이슈들 중 관리효과성평가 등 미흡한 분야에 대한 내용 강화이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1069-1078
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 K대학교에 위치한 커피전문점 D의 마케팅 운영 전략을 수립하기 위하여 커피전문점의 서비스품질에 대한 중요도-수행도 분석을 실시하였으며, 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구의 조사대상자는 남자 252(40.6%), 여자 369(59.4%)이었고 연령은 평균 21.99세였으며, 한 달 용돈 수준은 평균 30만원이었다. 둘째, 하루 평균 커피음용량을 조사한 결과 조사대상 중 23.0%는 '하루에 2잔 이상', 23.8%는 '하루에 1잔', 15.6%는 '일주일에 $3{\sim}4$잔', 14.7%는 '일주일에 $1{\sim}2$잔', 8.7%는 '한 달에 $2{\sim}3$잔', 14.2%는 '한 달에 1잔 이하'의 커피를 마시고 있었다. 대학내 커피전문점 이용 시 1인당 평균 비용은 2,096원이었으며, 매장에 머무르는 평균 시간은 25.92분, 최근 한 달 동안 이용 빈도는 2.17회였다. 셋째, 대학교내 커피전문점의 서비스품질의 5개 요인의 중요도 인식 수준을 조사한 결과 '종사원의 태도 점수(3.88)', '물리적 환경(3.79)', '커피의 관능적 품질(3.73)', '음료의 특성(3.67)', '대표성(3.28)' 순으로 나타났다. 수행도인식 수준을 조사한 결과 '커피의 관능적 품질(3.13)', '음료의 특성(3.06)', '종사원의 태도(3.05)', '물리적 환경(2.77)', '대표성(2.61)' 순으로 나타났다. 21개 커피전문점의 서비스 품질 항목의 중요도 수준과 수행도 수준의 차이를 분석한 결과 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p<.001). 넷째, 대학교내 커피전문점의 서비스품질 속성에 대한 중요도-수행도 분석을 실시한 결과 중요도와 수행도가 모두 높은 유지관리영역(Keep Up the Good Work)에는 '1.커피의 맛이 기호에 맞음', '3.커피의 농도가 적당함', '4.커피의 향이 적당함', '8.종사원은 업무를 잘 수행하기 위해 노력함', '9.종사원들은 성의를 다함', '10.종사원을 신뢰할 수 있음', '11.종사원은 고객의 요구를 수용하기 위해 노력함', '12.종사원이 편안함을 줌', '13.종사원은 깔끔하고 단정한 복장을 함', '14.종사원은 질문에 성의 있게 대답함'의 10개 항목이 해당됨을 알 수 있었으며, 여기에 해당되는 항목들은 현재의 상태를 유지할 수 있도록 지속적인 관리가 필요하다. 또한 중요도는 높으나 상대적으로 수행도는 낮은 중점개선영역(Concentrate Here)에는 '5.의자가 편안함', '16.테이블간의 간격이 적당함', '17.테이블 내 의자간격이 적당함', '18.좌석이 충분함'의 4개 항목이 속해 향후 충분한 좌석 수, 테이블간의 충분한 간격, 테이블내 충분한 의자 간격, 편안한 의자의 확보가 시급함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.121-149
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• 2002

This Study aims at investigating the tendency of individual problems that the students at the departments of dental technology are faced with, their efforts and types of activities to solve the problems. Surveyed for this purpose were 700 freshmen to juniors enrolled in the departments of dental technology at the universities across the country and they were analyzed by area, grade and sex. 1. Tendency of Problems The areas of problems the students at the departments of dental technology considered as most serious were health, human relation, view of value and economy in sequence, while the areas they considered as least serious were future course and employment. In general, there were tendencies as follows: divided by grade, the higher the grades of the students are, the higher scores of problems they get(F=12.14, P=.000) : in the areas of health and human relation, as the grade gets higher, the scores of their problems also increase, accordingly(F= 17.58, P=.000)(F=8.39, P=.000) : in the areas of economy, parents and home, freshmen and juniors are found to have higher scores of problems compared to sophomores,:F=7.89, P=.000)(F=11.63, P=.000) : divided by sex, female students recorded higher scores of problems than their counterparts(F=31.85, P=.000) 2. Efforts for Problems View of value, human relation, parents and home appeared to be the areas for which the students made the highest rate of efforts in sequence while the areas for which they paid lowest grade of efforts were health and economy. In other words, the students gave higher scores for human relation and view of value in terms of tendency as well as efforts of problems, while they rated high for health and economy in the tendency but low in the efforts of problems. Divided by grade, freshmen and juniors appeared to score higher points than sophomores in their efforts to solve problems, even though juniors made relatively higher efforts than freshmen(F=6.53, P=.002). Divided by sex, female students scored higher points in their efforts than males(F=15.98, P=.000) 3. Difference of Efforts to Solve Problems. In the analysis into the scores of difference showing the disagreement between the tendency of problems and the efforts to solve problems, the area of health was rated as highest, followed by economy. There was little difference of scores between human relation and view of value, an indicator of agreement between the scores of problems and efforts. The difference of scores between future course and employment, between liberal arts and recreation, between characters/parents and home/school work turned out to be negative in the listed sequence, leading to a conclusion that the students enrolled in the departments of dental technology are making more efforts to solve problems than actually needed in most areas. By grade, there was a significant difference only in the area of health(F=3.00, P=.050). This difference itself was widening as the students come to higher grades. By sex, females showed bigger difference than males. 4. Types of Activities to Solve Problems. The analysis into types of activities to solve problems revealed that the surveyed students seemed to actively cope with the problems in all areas, relying at the same time on personal relationship. Especially in the areas of health, economy, parents, home, human relation, future course and employment, the students appeared to deal with the problems actively as well as emotionally.