• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.222-225
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• 2008

Chemical composition and enzymatic saccharification characteristics of hemp woody core were investigated by their chemical composition analysis and enzymatic saccharification with commercially available cellulases (Celluclast 1.5L and Novozym 342). Hemp woody core have higher xylan and lower lignin contents than its bast fiber. Based on hemicelluloses and lignin composition, hemp woody core is similar with hardwood biomass. However, cellulose was more easily converted to glucose than xylan to xylose and this trend was confirmed both hemp woody core and yellow poplar. Hemp woody core biomass shows higher saccharification than yellow poplar (hardwood biomass) based on cellulose and xylan hydrolysis. With easier enzymatic saccharification in cellulose and xylan, and similar chemical composition, hemp woody core have better biorefinery feedstock characteristics than hardwood biomass.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.221-224
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• 2008

We made densified wood pellet by hemp woody core as replacing wood resource. Hemp was separated into the bast fiber and the woody core by hot steaming treatment. The hemp woody core had a similar lignin content and carbohydrate composition with hardwood. Also, the hemp had a low ash content, which resulted in a low ash formation in pellet burning. Heating value of the hemp pellet had a very similar to the pellet made by hardwoods. The hemp woody core can replace hardwood for densified wood pelletmaking.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2009

We prepared densified wood pellet by agricultural waste. The hemp woody core was used as replacing wood resource. Hemp was separated into the bast fiber and the woody core by hot steaming treatment. The hemp woody core had a similar lignin content(19.4%) and carbohydrate composition with hardwood(20-25% lignin in hardwood), respectively. Also, the hemp had a low ash content(0.5%), which resulted in a low ash formation in pellet burning. Heating value of the hemp pellet(18.40 MJ/kg) had a very similar to the pellet made by hardwoods. The hemp woody core could be replaced the hardwood for densified wood pellet.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the sheet properties of Indian mallow Hanji, made by different pulping methods, such as alkali and sulfomethylated pulpings, and different stock compositions, various mixing ratios of bast fiber and woody core fibers. Indian mallow hanjis made from the sulfomethylated pulps had higher brightness and sheet strength than the alkali pulps. It was found that the brightness of sulfomethylated pulp was enough high without an extra-bleaching. In the mechanical properties of Indian mallow hanjis mixed with bast fiber and woody core stalk pulps, the sheet strength were decreased as wood core pulps contents were increased. The sheet formation were increased as the increase of woody core pulps contents, while the sheet strength decreased. Although the sulfomethylated pulping resulted in higher pulp yield, no morphological differences of fiber surfaces were shown as compared to the different pulping methods.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.15-19
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• 2009

Ammonia soaking treatment was introduced for hemp woody core pretreatment to increase enzymatic saccharification of polysaccharides. Portions of the xylan, cellulose, and lignin were removed by aqueous ammonia soaking, which improved the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and xylan. Following ammonia soaking, 37% ($50^{\circ}C$-6 day treatment) to 61% ($90^{\circ}C$-16 h treatment) of the cellulose was converted to glucose and 33% ($50^{\circ}C$-6 day treatment) to 48% ($90^{\circ}C$-16 h treatment) of the xylan to xylose. Cellulose responded better to enzymatic saccharification than did xylan after the ammonia soaking treatment. Aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment was more effective than electron beam irradiation for increasing enzymatic saccharification of xylan and cellulose in hemp woody core.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.418-421
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• 2009

Effects of aqueous ammonia soaking to three annual plants (hemp woody core, tobacco stalk and corn stover) awere investigated to focus on the enzymatic saccharification characteristics change by this treatment. At two different levels of treatment ($90^{\circ}C$-16 h and $45^{\circ}C$-6 days), higher temperature treatment led to more enzymatic saccharification of cellulose to glucose by commercial cellulase mixtures (Celluclast 1.5L and Novozym 342 from Novozyme Korea). Difference among annual plants were significant. corn stover was the best response to enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and xylan by comercial enzymes all treatment conditions but tobacco stalk was the worst response to all of them. chemical composition or physical structure difference may brought this difference.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate sheet properties of Indian mallow hanji, made by different pulping methods such as alkali and sulfomethylated pulpings, and different stock compositions, various mixing ratios of bast fiber and woody core fibers. Effect of morphological properties of pulp stocks on the sheet formation and their optical properties were also evaluated using an image analyzer and confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM). In addition, the effect of fiber distribution index(FDI), which was calculated based on the image in a z-direction of a sheet from CLSM, on the sheet properties of Indian mallow hanji was discussed. The proposed FDI had a good correlation with various properties of paper, such as apparent density, opacity, tear index, breaking length and zero-span tensile strength. Especially, sulfomethylated pulp sheets＇FDI was higher than alkali pulp sheets.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.482-484
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• 2006

대마에 대한 분석 결과, 인피 섬유의 경우 리그닌 함량은 7.6%로 다른 목질계 바이오매스나 일년생 초본류와 비교하여 매우 낮은 리그닌 함량을 나타냈으며 탄수화물 함량은 65.4%로 목질계 바이오매스와 유사하고, 초본류보다는 오히려 높았다. 목부는 리그닌 및 탄수화물 함량이 활엽수와 유사한 경향을 나타내었는데 특히 높은 자일란의 함량이 확인되었다. 또한 회분 함량이 인피섬유와 목부에서 각각 5.0%와 2.3%로 낮은 값을 나타내어 당화 및 발효 공정에 적용될 때 회분에 의한 공정 장애(스케일링 등)의 가능성을 낮추어 줄 것으로 사료되었다. 최종적으로 이러한 화학적 분석을 통해 대체에너지 생산을 위한 자원으로서 대마의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

Corn stover, hemp woody core and tobacco stalk were treated by dilute ammonium hydroxide soaking for improving the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and xylan to monosaccharides by commercial cellulase mixtures. As more lignin removal by dilute ammonium hydroxide impregnation led to more enzymatic saccaharification of cellulose and xylan to monosaccharides (corn stover vs tobacco stalk). There was no relationship between xylan removal by dilute ammonium hydroxide impregnation and enzymatic saccharification of polysaccharides in pretreated samples. Except corn stover, lower temperature and longer treatment ($50^{\circ}C$-6 day) was less lignin removal than higher temperature and shorter treatment ($90^{\circ}C$ 16 h). Corn stover showed the highest enzymatic saccharification of cellulose and xylan but tobacco stalk showed the lowest.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2022

Pseudomonas amygdali is a hemibiotrophic phytopathogen that causes disease in woody and herbaceous plants. Complete genomes of four P. amygdali pathovars were comparatively analyzed to decipher the impact of genomic diversity on host colonization. The pan-genome indicated that 3,928 core genes are conserved among pathovars, while 504-1,009 are unique to specific pathovars. The unique genome contained many mobile elements and exhibited a functional distribution different from the core genome. Genes involved in O-antigen biosynthesis and antimicrobial peptide resistance were significantly enriched for adaptation to hostile environments. While the type III secretion system was distributed in the core genome, unique genomes revealed a different organization of secretion systems as follows: type I in pv. tabaci, type II in pv. japonicus, type IV in pv. morsprunorum, and type VI in pv. lachrymans. These findings provide genetic insight into the dynamic interactions of the bacteria with plant hosts.