• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.7-26
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• 2007

This article is about restoring the wooden pagoda which located in Silsangsa Temple after historical research. The process of this study, first of all, the theoretical study was considered about similar examples of wooden pagoda and gilt-bronze pagoda in Gorye period and wooden pagoda in contemporary period. After that, the study was established by the present condition of Silsangsa wooden pagoda site, the characteristic of Silsangsa wooden pagoda, the form of arrangement, the scale and height. Finally, considering those studies, the wooden pagoda designed in detail. This restoring design tried to follow the inference in that time. Moreover, the design tried to involve the elements of characteristic of region and Silsangsa wooden pagoda. Therefore, the research establish period of Silsangsa wooden pagoda in Gorye period. Locally, it considered both elements of Silla and Baeckje. The arrange form of restoring wooden pagoda was freestyle arrangement that had two main building of a temple and one middle pagoda. The idea of structure was to establish of double Core system. This system inferred from the system of building structure in ancient wooden pagoda and middle and modern age of multistory wooden construction. According to measurement of foundation stone, the scale of restoring wooden pagoda followed the skill of Tang-scale. The connection structure of each floor followed laminated structure which was the general form of log frame in that time. After study of foundation's condition, the present writer deseeded to have restoring the wooden pagoda 9 stories tall. The final aim was to depend on the structural intuition of the present writer, the writer tried to restore beautiful wooden pagoda according to in those days which is solution for contradiction of unclear point. So, it could be make out a plane of restoring wooden pagoda.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.884-889
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• 2015

Appropriate evaluation of thermal insulation property of structural member and valid control of cooling/heating energy are important for improving building's energy efficiency. The typical heating system of house in Korea is the floor heating one. The radiation heating system is not only appropriate to climate and geographic conditions of Korea, but also advantageous to provide emotional comfort by the warm feeling of floor. Based on living conditions in Korea, scaled models of the wooden house and concrete house were designed. The ceiling was made of styrofoam insulation and the four sided walls and bottom were made of plywood and concrete, respectively. The floor was heated by heating film. Indoor vertical temperature distributions by floor heating system were measured by thermocouple, and surface temperatures on walls were measured by infrared thermography. Also, thermal insulation property of wooden wall was evaluated to build database for improving energy efficiency of wooden building. It is expected that collected data during tests of various types of floor and wall composition could be referenced for evaluating thermal environment of actual conditions of houses.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2011

In Japan, bang machine has been considered to have problems about not only the impact force and frequency response which are different from the real impact sources such as children's jumping and running, but also damage in the wooden structure housing. Therefore, a new impactor for lower impact force to prevent demage in wooden structure housing was developed. The impact ball was adopted as the second standard impact source in JIS A 1418-2 and ISO 140-11. In the present study, floor impact sounds generated by impact ball with drop heights in four floors of mock-up building of Building Research Institute (BRI) similar to typical Japanese wooden structure housing were investigated and also compared to jumping sound. The results show that Impact ball sound dropped at 10 cm to 30 cm was most similar to jumping sound. And The impact sound levels at 250 and 500 Hz were more sensitive to drop height than other lower frequencies. The error that may occur from the difference of height of 10 cm up and down based on the standard drop height caused by the impact ball operated by human hands was approx. 1 dB or less only in its value of characteristic, but it must be carefully taken into Impact ball in the Korea Standard.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.6 no.3 s.13
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• pp.9-22
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• 1997

The Wooden Stupa of Hwangnyongsa Temple, existed from Shilla to Koryo Dynasty, is recognized as a typical model of the Korean wooden stupa. The related records on this stupa are found in some historical documents including The Chronicles of the Three States ${\ulcorner}$三國史記${\lrcorner}$. This study, through the interpretation of these documents, attempts to discuss and analyse design and structural methods of the stupa, viz., i) the relationship with both Chinese and Japanese wooden stupa, ii) the height, iii) each floor's linking methods, iv) the 'Noban' (Basement of the upper part), v) structure of the 'Simju' (Central pillar) and vi) the stairs and the handrails. The results of this study would be hopefully used for the further researches as well as the restoration of this precious architectural asset.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.140-159
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• 2013

The wooden stupa of Hwangyongsa temple - which was designed and constructed by master craftsman Abigi of the Baekje Dynasty during the Silla Dynasty between the 12th year of Queen Seondeok (AD 643) and AD 646 - can be regarded as a typical Korean wooden stupa. However, it was destroyed by fire during an invasion by the Mongolians in AD 1238 during the Koryo Dynasty. In spite of progress in research for the restoration of the wooden stupa, there are some remains to be re-considered in regard to ruins, relics and literature previously discovered. In particular, research conducted on frame construction and structure can be considered an important basis for restoration. However, previous studies seem to have not attempted to establish structural and formative characteristics of the wooden stupa based on the indigenous techniques and styles of traditional Korea, but general characteristics of the wooden stupa biased toward cultural interchange with neighbouring countries. As such, in this study the frame construction and structure of the wooden stupa of Hwangyongsa temple were analysed and considered in detail based on the re-interpretation of literature which can be a clue about the structure of the stupa, related ruins of the 7th century period, and previous studies. As a result, this paper supposed and presented a model picture for the plane arrangement of pillars, structural methods for Dwibburi (뒤뿌리) of Haangjae (하앙재), Shimju (심주), and other key areas. The author hopes that this study contributes substantially to research on the wooden stupa of ancient Korea and to the establishment of construction and structural methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.248-251
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• 2004

The vibrational behavior of a front load washing machine is heavily influenced by the floor stiffness on which the washing machine is installed. In case the floor stiffness is extremely low like a wooden floor (we call it a 'soft floor, S/F'), it is quite probable that a washer's rigid body mode exists in the operating frequency range. In this case, the outer frame vibration level would be very high, but the mitigation scheme is quite limited except the excitation force abatement by acquisition of the optimal inertia in the internal vibratory system and the diaphragm's stiffness with the minimum force transfer.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2013

In Korea, only a few wooden pagodas are extant because some wooden pagodas were lost due to artificial environment like war. Fortunately, only Eight Depictions Hall(Palsangjeon) in Beobjusa temple and main hall of Ssang-Bong Sa the main temple are extant. Though main hall of Ssang-Bong Sa the main temple shows old style in construction and outstanding creativity, survey and investigation for the hall have been poor. Accordingly, this study investigated pillar part, bracket structure part, and roof part composing pagoda body section which actively reflects structure and design skill compared to floor or upper part. And for better understanding, in the part that is similar to pagoda body section of main hall or needs examples, wooden pagoda in China or Japan was referred. Through this investigation, it was known that unique skill applied to main hall of Ssang-Bong Sa the main temple is based on plane in one room ${\times}$ one room - Ssang-Bong Sa the main temple has common form of wooden pagoda in appearance.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.319-332
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• 2021

The wood-concrete composite is an interesting solution in the field of Civil Engineering to create high performance bending elements for bridges, as well as in the building construction for the design of wood concrete floor systems. The authors of this paper has been working for the past few years on the development of the bonding process as applied to wood-concrete composite structures. Contrary to conventional joining connectors, this assembling technique does ensure an almost perfect connection between wood and concrete. This paper presents a careful theoretical investigation into interfacial stresses at the level of the two interfaces in composite wooden beam- reinforced concrete slab strengthened by external bonding of prestressed composite plate under a uniformly distributed load. The model is based on equilibrium and deformations compatibility requirements in all parts of the strengthened composite beam, i.e., the wooden beam, RC slab, the CFRP plate and the adhesive layer. The theoretical predictions are compared with other existing solutions. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behaviour of the interface and design of the CFRP- wooden-concrete hybrid structures.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

Traditional wooden buildings deform over time and are vulnerable to fire or earthquakes. Therefore, traditional wooden buildings require continuous management and repair, and securing architectural drawings is essential for repair and restoration. Unlike modernized CAD drawings, traditional wooden building drawings scan and store hand-drawn drawings, and in this process, many noise is included due to damage to the drawing itself. These drawings are digitized, but their utilization is poor due to noise. Difficulties in systematic management of traditional wooden buildings are increasing. Noise removal by existing algorithms has limited drawings that can be applied according to noise characteristics and the performance is not uniform. This study presents deep artificial neural network based noised reduction for architectural drawings. Front/side elevation drawings, floor plans, detail drawings of Korean wooden treasure buildings were considered. First, the noise properties of the architectural drawings were learned with both a cycle generative model and heuristic image fusion methods. Consequently, a noise reduction network was trained through supervised learning using training sets prepared using the noise models. The proposed method provided effective removal of noise without deteriorating fine lines in the architectural drawings and it showed good performance for various noise types.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2004

The aims of this study were to Investigate the floor impact noise isolation performance of floating floor with isolation materials and propose the improvement direction of floor impact noise measurement method and evaluation classes using impact ball. Reduction of light-weight impact sound pressure level can be achieved by the finishing materials, such as vinyl finishing material and wooden flooring with isolation materials. Floor impact noise Isolation material which satisfy the properties of the floor impact noise isolation materials cause resonance in the low frequency band and worsen heavy-weight impact sound pressure level. Heavy-weight impact sound level can be reduced by using noise reduction flooring, ceiling and increase of slab thickness. Strong impact force in low frequency bang below 63Hz of bang machine is not similar to human impact source and causes some problem in evaluating heavy-weight impact noise but heavy-weight impact noise measurement and evolution using impact ball which is very similar to human impact is more reliable than bang machine. Correction value on the background noise and sensitivity of residents should be considered on the floor impact noise evaluation classes.