• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2015

Damages of wooden cultural heritages caused by various bio-species have been a trend that is increasing on climate change. The decay and bio-damage caused by microbial organisms or insect species are also known to factors of the shape changes and structural problems of wooden cultural heritages. There are so many phenomenons of damage and weathering in wooden cultural heritage for many years and particularly termite can threaten seriously wooden cultural heritage. We investigated with respect to internal and external environment and termite inhabitation around the wooden cultural heritage in Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeju-do. As this investigation results, we confirmed that there were the difference in between resident and non-resident about temperature, humidity, moisture contents of wooden building. Resident building is high temperature but humidity and moisture contents is low and these factors are sources of inhabitation condition change about insects as termites. Now we suggest to carry out in parallel to the target wooden cultural heritage and the surrounding habitat for wooden cultural heritage termite damage investigation. Also with the chemical control methods, we must consider necessary to present eco-friendly control management such as construction of heating facilities, residential status, periodic management.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.41-52
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• 2001

The wooden building is mainly damaged by the termite which have an effect of the structure by making emptied inner part of wood. One class, Japanese termite, inhabits throughout Korea and is often detected. So the deterioration by termite attacking the wooden building needs to be controlled. Termites are over 2,800 species in the world, usually they inhabit in the tropical or subtropical region and don’t over winter in dormant condition. So their activity and distribution are chiefly restricted by temperature and humidity. The termite inhabiting in Korea is Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto, which known to have an optimal temperature range at $12~30^{\circ}C$ and minimum temperature at $6^{\circ}C$ for activation. These temperatures correspond to the mean temperature($5.6^{\circ}C$~$25.8^{\circ}C$) from March to November and the activity time of termitein Seoul. In addition, as a result of environmental pollution by industrial development, the climate of Korea is getting warm. The increase of mean temperature in Korea has been $1.1^{\circ}C$ for the past seventy five years, so it is expected that the damage of wooden building by termite will increase gradually. Therefore, in order to protect wooden building from damages by termite, it needs not only development of new pest control methods, but also studies on the control of environmental factors having an effect on the activity and growth of termite. For the conservation of the large cultural properties such as the wooden building in the open air, it would be effective to use the methods of fumigation, insecticidal and antiseptic chemical treatment of wood materials, soil termiticideinjection treatment, and termite colony elimination system.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.23
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• pp.77-93
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• 2002

There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects, especially termites. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. In Korea, we primarily use mvestigation of monitoring, fumigation, treatment of insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals, soil termiticide treatment, and termite colony elimination system. As damages by termites were detected at Eunghyanggak and Saundang of Haeinsa temple in June, 1998, we carried out monitoring with wooden device, in order to investigate damages of wooden building by termite and paths of termite invasion. According to the result of investigation of monitoring from1999 to 2002, we found that termites were inhabiting continually at forests around Haeinsa and that wooden buildings such as Saundang, Cheonghwadang were damaged by termites. So we thought that control methods such as soil termiticide treatment and termite colony elimination system would be effective. Especially, to investigate efficacy of termite colony elimination system, we carried out efficacy test of termite colony elimination system in Jongmyo during 17 months(2000.7.~2001.11.). The result of efficacy test showed that termite colony elimination system eliminated termite colonies gradually(over 12 months from installation of colony elimination system to elimination of termite colony).

• 보존과학연구
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• s.21
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• pp.5-55
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• 2000

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

The Silleuksa temple in Yeoju city is adjacent to the South Han River and often has high humidity and fog days. In addition, its proximity to forests renders it prone to damage by insects and microorganisms. In order to obtain the basic data necessary for the establishment of a cultural property preservation management plan, the biological distribution of the wooden buildings and the termite distribution in the surrounding forests were monitored for three years. The wood-boring bee, an insect known to inflict damage to heritage structures, was confirmed, and the distribution of insects varied annually and seasonally, presumably due to the location characteristics of the site and the climate change during the year. In the forest behind, termite colonies were identified as a whole and their distribution pattern was different every year. As per the results of the microorganism survey, the species distribution and pollution degree were different at the entrance of the building. Therefore, it needs continuous biological distribution and conservation environment monitoring to mitigate the effects of wood-damaging organisms.were different according to the entrance of the building.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

The damage from the underground termite cannot be discovered with peculiar appearance of building but hollow phenomenon will occur. But there is no case in Korea as a non-destructive measurement of termite activation. Therefore, this research constructs non-destructive diagnostic techniques for wooden cultural properties using microwave detector (Termatrac, Australia). Result of maximun distance were measured 16cm (Pine tree, sensitivity 5, 6), 17cm (Zelkova and Douglas fir, sensitivity 5, 6). These results are expected that can be applied in the field. Result of field test using microwave detector, 33.8% of the wooden cultural properties were damaged by termites, and until now 7.8% (18 buildings) are being damaged in nationwide (total 231 buildings). Based on the above results, microwave detector will be able to be utilized effectively for detecting termite, preventing intrusion in wooden structure, and making full use of monitoring system periodically. In addition, it could be of great worth in preventing insect and microorganism in wooden structure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2015

The three-year inspection of 20 tree stumps in the fire prevention area around the wooden building confirmed that termite colonies had been rapidly spread. In particular, four buildings among thirty one wooden buildings of Songgwang-sa temple were infected by the termite, indicating that the habitate of termite has been spread across the fire prevention area over the temple area. However, a non-destructive microwave diagnosis showed that internal damages have been progressed until now, suggesting a high risk to the building. These results suggest that the fire prevention area should be properly maintained to have harmful element controlled. Therefore, effective methods are required to eliminate tree stumps or wood materials used to establish fire prevention area near wooden buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

The prevention of disasters in cultural property is very important management and historical duties. The reason can't be measured values with monetary scale of our contemporary. Therefore, this paper was considered fire-safety as one of terrible threat-disasters about the wooden buildings. This research deal with 47 cases cultural property wooden building by whole investigation(field survey and interview) in Gangnung province. The most buildings have basic fire extinguisher; ABC powder. A few buildings are rarely installed fire extinguishing equipments; outdoor fire hydrant, heat sensor, ground sprinkler, CO2-hose-reel. But these state is very insufficient for the fire-safety in cultural property wooden buildings. Specially as particular attention in province, forest fire of regional characteristic have close relation with cultural property fire. The majority of factor against forest and building fire is to provide monitoring and security system; CCTV, Fence, Sensor, Alarm and paid guard man against incendiary. Ultimately it is necessary to construct comprehensive disaster prevention system with the organic cooperation such as National Emergency Management Agency, Cultural Heritage Administration, Forest Service, local government officials and regional citizen.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.49-55
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose ontology-based recommendation system for supporting maintenance of Korean architectural heritage. This study includes the following: 1) design of ontology expressing repair information of architectural heritage, 2) creation of repair case DB, 3) creation of a recommendation system of repair method. For this study, we designed the ontology that expresses the information of Korean wooden building cultural heritage by referring to the existing heritage ontologies. Second, we created the repair information database based on the repair contents and the expert interview data provided by the National Institute of Cultural Heritage and the Cultural Heritage Administration. Third, we developed a system that recommends the repair method of Korean wooden architectural heritage with the most similar phenomena and causes. This study contributes to sharing repair knowledge and determining repair methods for architectural heritage repair.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 2021

This study aims to derive the problems of firefighting and safety measures for architectural heritage with a wooden structure in rural areas and present their improvement measures. To identify those problems, this study grasped the features of the cultural heritage through the building structure and environment of a wooden Catholic secondary station in Dangjin, and analyzed fires that may occur and safety factors. As a result, although the mission station is an important cultural property in terms of its history, place and local identity, it had problems with disaster prevention systems such as vulnerable safety including fire and difficulties in fire recognition and initial firefighting. Therefore, this study concluded through its review and analysis that a disaster prevention system such as stronger firefighting is needed; that fire fighting facilities suitable for the characteristics of the secondary station with a wooden structure should be installed and a main player should be arranged in fire prevention activities to improve the fire prevention system of the cultural property; and that as most mission stations are located in rural areas, it is necessary to more thoroughly protect wooden-structure secondary stations from natural disasters such as forest fire and to improve fire response measures.