• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4685-4690
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between cosmetic outcome (CO), body image, and quality of life in post breast-conserving therapy (BCT) women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study concerned one-year post-completed BCT Thai women. The data included subjective and objective CO with a questionnaire covering demographic and clinical data, anti-hormonal treatment status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Self-Reported Cosmetic Outcomes (SRCO), Self-Reported Breast Symmetry (SRBS), Body Image Scale (BIS), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy with Breast Cancer subscale (FACT-B). Participants had breast photographs taken for the evaluation of objective cosmetic outcome (OCO) after breast cancer conservation treatment. The relationship between CO and FACT-B was tested using Spearman's rank correlation Results: A total 127 participants volunteered for the study. The participant characteristics were age 52(${\pm}9$), Buddhist 87%, married 65%, body mass index 25.0(${\pm}4.6$), breast cup size A-C 91%, college educated 60%, employed 66%, ECOG 0-1 95%, tumor size less than or equal to 2 cm 55%, no lymph node metastasis 98%, and taking tamoxifen 57%. Two percent of the participants regretted their decision to undergo BCT. The SRCO was excellent in 2%, good in 68%, fair in 30%, and poor in 0%. For SRBS, rates were 17%, 58%, 24% and 1% for excellent, good, fair and poor cosmetic outcomes, respectively. The BCCT scores were excellent 24%, good 39%, fair 32%, and poor 6%. The median total QOL score of the participants was 130 (93-144). There was no significant correlation between CO and FACT-B scores. Conclusions: The significance of CO for FACT-B in Thai women with breast cancer could not be assessed in detail because of a very low level of correlation. The results may be due to the effects of cultural background.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.41-54
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• 2002

This study discusses the beauty of the ideal body shown by fashion communication media, and explains how aesthetic aspects of, the body are being expressed in contemporary fashion. The beauty of the body may be considered as the beauty of sexual, controllable or consumable object. First. the most vigorously discussed point about the body is its sexual aspect, the most outstanding of which is the voluptuous and the androgynous beauty in contemporary fashion. Second, the body is an object which has been oppressed or controlled under the name of history. morality. and rationality. The things making us regard the body itself as an aesthetic object may be considered as dynamic and functional beauty Third, the sexual instinct and the body are fetishized as consumer goods, and women's bodies are presented as comsumer objects whose most parts could be restored to exchangeable value. The consumable beauty presented in contemporary fashion is the conspicuous beauty and the decadent beauty. So far, the various aspects of the beautiful body has been considered, based on the beauty of the ideal body shown by the fashion communication media. Man exists through on his body. but it is the embodied and formed body that serves as a means to manifest his social status and cultural ties. A natural body is reformed as a cultural phenomenon in various artificial ways. Popular culture has transmitted a series of new body image by creating and reproducing symbols and images, and has made the ideal body. Now there is not only one standard for the ideal beauty in our society. The standard of the beauty has changed continuously. There has been an aesthetic sense which can represent the times during the process of those changes. The various communication media have played a role of mirror reflecting those changes. The ideal body in contemporary times is no more an abstract media to express classical beauty, but an object directly affecting us, who are living in the crisis of subjectivity and identity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1318-1332
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walk training on leg strength, flexibility, postural stability, balance and gait in home bound elderly women. Eighteen elderly women of the experimental group aged between 70 and 90 years image who have normal vision, hearing and Romberg test. They participated in the 12 week walk training. The subjects of the experimental group practiced walk training 3 times a week for during 12 weeks. During the 40 minute workout, the subjects practiced 5 minutes of warming-up exercises, 30 minutes of conditioning exercises and 10 minutes of a cool-down exercise. The intensity for the conditioning phase was determined by subject' heart rates, which ranged from 60% to 70% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The body composition, leg strength, flexibility, postural stability, balance and gait were measured prior to and after the experimental treatment. The body fat, lean body mass, leg strength (ankle dorsiflexor, plantarflexor, inversor and eversir, knee flexor, extensior), flexibility (range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion), and postural stability of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Duration of standing on the right foot and that of standing on the left foot of the experimental group was greater than that of the control group. Total balance scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Among 13 items for balance, the scores of experimental group in balance with eyes closes, turning balance, sternal nudge, neck turning, one leg standing balance and back extension were higher than those of the control group. Total scores of gait of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the walking training. Scores of experimental group in step height, step length and walk stance while walking among 9 items for gait were significantly higher than those of the control group. The results suggest that walk training can improve physical fitness for prevention in home bound elderly women.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives: Considering that homeothermy is a major component of metabolic rate, body temperature might play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and abdominal temperature in Korean, premenopausal, obese women. Methods: Weight and height were measured in 26 premenopausal, obese women to calculate body mass index (BMI). Obesity was defined as a $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$. Waist circumference (WC) was also measured as well as abdominal fat by computed tomography (CT) and abdominal temperature by digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI). Results: Visceral abdominal fat area was found to have a significant negative correlation with the temperature of Guanyuan (CV4, lower abdomen acupoint). We also found the visceral-subcutaneous fat ratio had a significant negative correlation with the temperature of CV4 and Right Tianshu (RST25, lateral navel acupoint). Only visceral fat and its ratio to subcutaneous fat had a significant correlation with abdominal temperature. Subcutaneous fat area and total fat area were not correlated with abdominal temperature. Conclusions: This study suggests that abdominal visceral fat has a significant negative correlation with abdominal temperature. Further study is needed to uncover the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and temperature regulation in obese individuals and to define the role of body temperature in the pathogenesis of obesity.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.301-327
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• 2012

This study investigated body images based on the survey data drawn from college students in three East Asian countries(Korea, Japan, and China). 347 Korean, 341 Chinese, and 271 Japanese college students responded to questions designed to measure body images such as body-related values (operability, inclination, locus of evaluation, and instrumentality of appearance), body esteem (appearance, and health), and objectified body-consciousness ( surveillance and shame). The results showed that body images differ among countries. Regarding body-related values, Korean students have least conservative beliefs and followed by Japanese, and Chinese. Korean students showed the highest acceptance level for the voluntary body alteration(operability), highest inclination to body appearance over health. They also showed the strongest tendency of evaluating their body from the observer's point of view and the strongest belief about the social utility of body appearance compare to Japanese and Chinese students. Appearance- esteem of Korean was similar to Chinese but higher than Japanese. Surveillance and shame about body appearance of Korean students were similar to Japanese but higher than Chinese. Compare to male students, females showed stronger belief about the body appearance over health, lower appearance esteem, and higher surveillance and shame about body. Korean women showed the least conservative body-related values, and the levels of body appearance esteem and objectified body consciousness were located in between Japanese and Chinese women. Japanese women showed especially low body appearance esteem and highest surveillance and shame. Chinese women showed the most conservative body-related value, the highest appearance-esteem, and the lowest surveillance and shame. It was revealed that the body-related values indirectly affect to appearance-esteem through the mediating role of objectified body consciousness in Chinese and Japanese samples, but that the body-related values had direct effect on appearance-esteem as well in Korean sample.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.1 s.139
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• pp.23-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to spread the public recognition for the style of Islamic dress has been ignorantly left and provide this as the basic data for Islamic fashion design. This treatise restricts the Islamic scope into the southeast Asia and confuted the study referring to Islam related books, treatise, domestic and foreign fashion magazines as well as newspaper articles, Internet and screen materials. The study results are as follows: Commonly Islam as a term of religious scope means complex cultural body based on Islam. 1. The Islamic social and cultural images were categorized as (1) conservative and sexual (2) simple, static, decorative and rhythmical (3) dark, violent, bright and amusing image. 2. Islamic nations' style of dress was characterized (1) surface decorative dress (2) practical outer garment (3) trousers style. 3. Both men and women basically put on trousers in children's stories and animations. In case of women, they wear skirts and according a social standing, tunic and caftan style jackets. As for men and women, Dey both wear turbans or chadors but in particular, wealthy classes put on a distinguishable turbans and chadors with splendid accessories. 4. The characteristics of Islamic fashion are lace decoration around a sleeve and the waist or blouse and harem pants with a elastic cord. In addition, they are splendid necklace and ring earings looking old, accessories with big pendants and dragging belts. These examples are shown in collections and streets.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.362-374
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of overestimation of their own body shape on weight control behaviors, mental condition, physical activity, dietary behavior, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status among young Korean females. Methods: A total of 1,514 women aged 20-39 years who are not pregnant and lactating among those who participated in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2011), were analyzed and grouped into underestimation (n=120), normal estimation (NE, n=840), and overestimation (OE, n=554), based on their body perception compared to actual percent ideal body weights. Variables were compared between OE group and NE group. Results: The subjects in OE group were significantly younger (29.5 vs. 30.5 years, respectively p < 0.05) and had lower body mass index (20.9 vs. 22.2 respectively, p < 0.01), health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D (EuroQol-5 Dimension)(0.97 vs. 0.98 respectively, p < 0.05), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of protein (0.91 vs. 0.93 respectively, p < 0.05), phosphorous (0.93 vs. 0.96 respectively, p < 0.05), and iron (0.70 vs. 0.75 respectively, p < 0.01), and index of nutrition quality (INQ) of iron (0.84 vs. 0.89 respectively, p < 0.05) compared to those in the NE group. The results of logistic regression showed that unmarried status (OR 1.32; 1.01~1.72) and severely underweight/underweight status (OR 1.94; 1.01~3.75)/(OR 1.81; 1.34~2.45) were significantly related to the probability of overestimation by the subjects. Significantly more women in OE group practiced fasting, skipping meals, and taking prescribed pills to lose body weights and had skipped breakfast compared to those in the NE group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the Korean young women's distorted perception of own body shape may be associated with undesirable weight control behavior, low quality of life, and lower nutritional status. Therefore, nutrition education for this group should include information on correct body shape perception and its importance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.456-467
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• 2018

Appearance has become an important means of expressing oneself in modern society, and women often desire to lose weight. Therefore, this study examined the diets of female college students with high weight loss needs and analyzed the effects of their body image, sociocultural attitude, body stress and diet behavior on intake weight loss products. Data were collected from 220 Korean female college students from June to July using an online survey program. The questionnaires included body image scale, Sociocultural Attitude Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ), Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) and diet behaviors scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the $x^2$-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and logistic regression analysis using the SPSS 22.0 program. There were significant differences in body image, SATAQ, obesity stress and diet behavior between groups. All variables were significantly correlated with each other. Factors influencing weight loss products intake by female university students were SATAQ (OR=1.15, CI=1.03-1.29), obesity stress (OR=1.13, CI=1.06-1.20), diet behaviors (OR=1.21, CI=1.10-1.33), and knowledge regarding the side effects of weight loss products (OR=3.86, CI=1.62-9.20). Thus, it is necessary to teach female college students to recognize healthy weight control methods. Moreover, if weight loss products are needed, appropriate information should be provided regarding the ingredients and side effects of the product.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide new style for fashion illustration fo different image of Korean middle aged women. The research method is as follows. First, we make basic style base on The Korea Industrial Advancement Administration\`s Korean standard stomatype. Second, it give variety to body\`s rate and make each different 8 style. The subject are 144 college students who majoring clothing, fashion design and they have responded to the questionnaires. Questionnaires were taken from April, 1998 to Jan. 1999. Data were analyzes by analysis of variance, ANOVA test, Dunkun test, SPSS. PC/sup +/. As a result of this study, we found this following conclusions, 1. Well-proportion style have the exaggerated shoulder and the extended body at the same rate below waist line than basic style. 2. Reduction and extension need stability and well balanced. 3. Fashion illustration of middle aged women\`s clothing expression is not proper too narrow width, too long length of legs. 4. To making length, it is award well-proportion have too long hand or too long arm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.235-247
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• 2000

This study was conducted to consider the formation of sleeves from the point of view that dress is one of expressive arts. The formative meaning of a sleeve and its chronological formation according to its formative changes as an evidence showing the Internal changes of social culture were examined, centering around day dress of England in the 11th to 19th centuries. Then, sleeves were formatively classified and their aesthetic values were considered to help do formative, aesthetic expression of dress design in the present times. Literatures and references concerning the history of domestic and foreign dress were used as a method of study. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. In the women's dress, the formation of the sleeve focuses on aesthetic decoration. This means that in the androgentric society the status of women are subordinate socioculturally. 2. Sleeves were classified into a fitted shape and a extension shape according to the aesthetic formation. The fluted shape expressed the beauty of body with emphasis old natural body, whereas the extension shape represented aesthetic expression of decoration. 3. The formation of a sleeve has influence on forming an image of dress by making the silhouette of dress natural or distorted, expresses the harmonious beauty of the whole dress, and produces the expressional beauty that gives a distinct characteristic to a dress.