• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.769-776
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• 2003

This study has analyzed the association of physical activity and television watching time with obesity in 30-50 aged women from middle income town in Busan city area. Data were obtained using a questionnaire, including information about physical activity, TV watching time and health habit; social data regarding educational level and monthly income; family history of chronic condition. Height and weight were measured. Outcome variable was obesity, defined as a body mass index 25 kg/m$^2$ or greater. Odds ratios (OR) for obesity were estimated by multivariate logistic regression, and interpreted as a relative risk of obesity. The prevalence of obesity was 11.8%. The mean BMI of obese women was 26.9 kg/m$^2$. The OR of obesity was higher in subject of 40s than 30s. Subjects who had higher educational level presented lower OR than those of elementary or middle school education. Family income was not associated with obesity. Women having a family history of chronic condition had higher risk of obesity than those who did not have it. The OR was lower in active people at work (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.26 - 0.98) than in inactive ones, and the ORs associated with regular exercise or activity at leisure time were not statistically different. However, subjects watching TV $\geq$ 3.5 hr/day showed higher OR (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.16 - 4.74), compared with those watching TV $\geq$ 1.5 hr/day. Association of the joint classification of physical activity variables with obesity was estimated. The highest relative risk of 5.99 was in women in physically inactive at work and high category of TV watching ($\geq$ 3.5 hr/day). Even in women in active at work, the watching TV $\geq$ 3.5 hr/day made them have the high OR (OR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.03 - 5.77). And at each time level of TV watching, the increasing activity level at work was associated with lower OR for obesity. These findings suggest that both TV watching time and physical activity at work were related to obesity in adult female, each with independent effects on obesity. TV watching time seems to be a significant factor that could partly evaluate the energy expenditure.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2023

Background: Some working conditions may pose a higher physical or psychological demand to pregnant women leading to increased risks of pregnancy complications. Objectives: We assessed the association of woman's employment status and the industrial classification with obstetric complications. Methods: We conducted a national population study using the National Health Information Service database of Republic of Korea. Our analysis encompassed 1,316,310 women who experienced first-order live births in 2010-2019. We collected data on the employment status and the industrial classification of women, as well as their diagnoses of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) classified as A1 (well controlled by diet) or A2 (requiring medication). We calculated odds ratios (aORs) of complications per employment, and each industrial classification was adjusted for individual risk factors. Results: Most (64.7%) were in employment during pregnancy. Manufacturing (16.4%) and the health and social (16.2%) work represented the most prevalent industries. The health and social work exhibited a higher risk of PE (aOR = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.21), while the manufacturing industry demonstrated a higher risk of class A2 GDM (1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.41) than financial intermediation. When analyzing both classes of GDM, women who worked in public administration and defense/social security showed higher risk of class A1 GDM (1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). When comparing high-risk industries with nonemployment, the health and social work showed a comparable risk of PE (1.02, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.07). Conclusion: Employment was associated with overall lower risks of obstetric complications. Health and social service work can counteract the healthy worker effect in relation to PE. This highlights the importance of further elucidating specific occupational risk factors within the high-risk industries.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1997

According to industralization the percentage of working women with children is on the continuous increase. There has been a growing concern over important health problems of middle-aged women, especially with working women. But we didn't know how to care of themselves yet even if it was importment to fint out that. So this reseach was an attempt to identify the nature of experience of their health management so that it is to be contributed to be knowledge development of women' health management strategy. The phenomenological approach in qualitative studies was used to serve this purpose. Subjects were 10 middle-aged working women having children in well-being state. The result of this study was as follows : 'Diet pattern' was to unbalanced and irregular but they tried to correct balanced and harmony dietary life. 'Exercise' was very simple and irregular. They have closed-minded of kinds of exercise. 'Controlling the environment and their minds' was to obtain emotional stability and be free from stress. They put emphasis on refraining from being overtiring and watching their condition carefully. They always tried to keep the peaceful mind. 'Reducing fatigue' was to be bathing, hot streamed-bath, finger pressure therapy, massage, singing, communication with others and maintenance of personal relationships. 'Identification of self-esteem' was very key point to maintain their health. Working regulary gave them to please and value of the life. 'Work oriented life pattern' was to be harm their health state so that it need to be available clinics to check up their health state after work. The rest of this study showed that it need to be social support for working women to work with comfort. Further study regarding working women engaging in the lower level is nesessary.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2010

A survey was conducted on 300 working women(one woman/company) who specialize in STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) in the Busan region(south of Korea) to determine their job satisfaction. The overall response of women working in industry is relatively positive although they do experience a certain limit as female workers. The serious difficulties are long work hours and restriction of behavior in consequence of being the minority. Respondents anticipate an increase in number of working women in the STEM field due to the enforcement of women resource policies in Korea. Survey results about career development show that some of the most important factors in professionalism are responsibility, gumption and cooperation. The expectation of promotion is very low. Sexual discrimination is distinctly appearing in wages and promotions. If they decide to quit their job in the midstream, the key reason is in the difficulties of compatibility between home and occupation. Survey results about job satisfaction to work in industry reveal that 31.0% of respondents are satisfied because their job is consistent with their specialty; 30.7% of respondents are working where they wanted. Among respondents who intend to change their job, only 20.7% of respondents wanted to keep their specialties. Two factors involved in the respondents' satisfaction during work are special technical achievement and practical application of their knowledge. But, they are unsatisfied in terms of implementing their leadership.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.495-511
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• 2016

Purpose: The present study was performed to describe the prevalence of various types of smoking statuses and to identify factors associated with different types among Korean wageworkers. Methods: The prevalence of hardcore smoking, daily smoking, and intermittent smoking was assessed in 2,126 wage workers from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The associations of these three types of smoking statuses with sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and occupation-related characteristics were also examined in a multinomial logistic regression. Results: In men, the prevalence of hardcore smoking and daily smoking were 11.4% and 30.2%, respectively; and in women, the daily smoking prevalence was 5.6%. The education level was strongly associated with men's hardcore smoking and women's daily smoking. The household income and marital status were associated with women's daily smoking. Among occupation-related characteristics, the regularity of work and night work were associated with men's intermittent smoking. Night work was also associated with women's daily smoking. Employment condition was associated with women's intermittent smoking. Conclusion: The socioeconomic status and health conditions, compared with occupation-related factors, were found to have more influence on smoking. Therefore, antismoking programs that focus on individual characteristics should be developed for Korean wageworkers.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2018

This study examined how the resources from work, family and community lowered family-to-work conflict (FWC) and enhanced family-to-work facilitation (FWF) of employed women with a child younger than 18 years old in order to provide empirical support for the Korean government's effort to create a family-friendly community as a way to help employed mothers balance work and family life. Information from 608 employed mothers living in 45 different communities were extracted from the 4th-wave of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families in 2012, while community resources indicators were selected from the 2012 database of the Korean Statistical Information Service. Findings from the HLM analysis were as follows. First, there were significant variation in FWC and FWF among employed mothers depending on the communities they resided in. Second, work satisfaction, representative of work resource, relieved FWC and enhanced FWF, but spousal support, which represents family resource, affected neither FWC nor FWF. Third, community resources, as represented by family-friendly environment and frequent volunteering by community residents, lowered FWC but failed to enhance FWF. Lastly, family-friendly community resources served to mitigate the negative relationship between work satisfaction and FWC. This study is meaningful in that it provided empirical evidence for the contribution of community resources to work-family balance of employed mothers.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2008

Purpose: This research was conducted to explore the experiences of graduate student women with children fulfilling multiple roles and to generate a substantive theory. Methods: This study uses the grounded theory method based on Strauss and Corbin(1988)'s method. Interviews were conducted with 11 graduate student women who had children aged three of older. Results: The core category of this research is 'Role balancing for self-generativity'. Based on the core category, three types of married women graduate students' experiences were found. They are 'concentrating on graduate-work' 'postponing graduate-work' and 'adjustment between two roles' Conclusions: Through understanding the married women's multiple roles experience process, there can be a basis for making a women's health system and social support system for the married women graduate student. Also, this research is to generate a substantive theory which can helps to change social perspectives on the quality of life for the women who will contribute in Korean society as professionals.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.372-381
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• 2000

This study was carried out to compare influential life-style factors between Korean and Japanese women. with a view to providing basic data needed in the community nursing activities for the health promotion of women, The questionnaire survey was conducted between Jan 1 and April 15. 2000 on 64 Korean and 63 Japanese women who committed the care of their child to a day-care center because they had to go to work. The obtained results are as follows. 1. On the whole. there was little difference in the score of life-style factors between Korea and Japan. The areas in which Japanese women got a higher score were personal relationship and nutrition, and Korean women got a higher score in the area of self-realization. 2. Both in Korea and Japan. the degree of satisfaction with family life proved to be the most influential factor on the life-styles for the health promotion of women. This implies that the level of their practicing life styles for the health promotion becomes higher in proportion to the degree of satisfaction with their family life. In conclusion. considering the fact that the proportion of women workers has been on the increase in Korea. heath promotion services for women need to be treated more importantly, with the focus on the interpersonal relationship not only in family but also in work sites.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2022

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find the influential factors of dental hygienists' work environment and level of perception of rights on their retention intention, and to provide basic data for protecting their rights and interests and improving their employment rate. Methods: From June 6 to July 24, 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 214 dental hygienists via an online link. After questionnaire collection, IBM SPSS program (ver. 21.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used to conduct frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results: The significant and positive influential factors of dental hygienists' retention intention were married individuals (p=0.022), fewer working hours (p<0.001, p=0.007), good work environment (p=0.002), higher wages (p<0.001, p<0.001), higher education (p=0.032), and perception of rights in a mid-level (p=0.038). Conclusions: It is necessary to consider wages and welfare equivalent to dental hygienists' work intensity and workload. By regularly educating dental hygienists to increase their perception of rights, expanding an opportunity of participation, and improving their work environment, it will be possible to increase their retention intention and efficiently establish manpower in dental clinics.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.947-971
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• 2010

Anna Letitia Barbauld's poem "Washing-Day" (1797) has sparked a variety of feminist critical endeavors over the past two decades. While many feminist literary critics try to salvage the poem as a successful tongue-in-cheek riposte directed at the male dominant literary world, more rigorous Marxist feminists accuse Barbauld of being limited by her own middle-class woman's view on women's domestic labor. Legitimate as they may be, these readings fail to elucidate Barbauld's place in a larger literary and intellectual discourse during the eighteenth century. In this paper I read "Washing-Day" as a woman's georgic, a genre or mode concerned with agricultural labor, the public value of which was highly recognized in eighteenth-century England. Alluding to canonical texts by writers like Shakespeare, Milton, and Pope, Barbauld's "loaded lines" in mock-heroic form create a space in which the women's domestic labor of washing interrupts men's daily routines and disrupts their poetic assumptions. While she makes women's work visible, Barbauld also addresses its quintessential nature. Women's work is affective labor; women have to labor physically and mentally to produce the desired domestic comfort. By allowing the image of the soap "bubble" to echo with many "bubbles" in other writers' texts, from the soap bubbles the narrator used to play with as a child to the hot-air balloon "bubble" of the Montgolfier brothers, Barbauld pleasantly equates work and day-dreaming, men's toil and children's play, and finally public, scientific, and recognized labor and private, domestic, and imaginative activities.