• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.277-302
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to suggest fundamental information about wearing method and production of brassiere, which is suitable for physiological hygiene and efficient action for elderly women. The subject is 418 elderly women aged 50∼69 years old. Data is processed by a computer(SAS) and is analyzed by using frequency, percentage, x²-test. The main results of this study are as follows. 1. Elderly women'weight and breast size are higher thant their younger counterparts'in their 20's, but the older and poorer women with more children have smaller weight and breast. Most of the elderly women feel that their breasts are drooped or falling apart. I fact, those elderly women who gave birth to more children have more drooped and wider breasts. The major type of elderly women'breast is the 'drooped breast' featured more by those elderly women who have more children. 2. Most of the elderly women began to wear the brassiere for the first time in their 20's the older women with more children began to wear the brassiere earlier, while those less educated and poorer began to protect their breasts with brassiere later. Many elderly women wear the brassiere to be protected from dirt, noise or look more neat, but day tend to wear the brassiere not all day around but at certain times, older, less educated and proper women with more children tend to use the brassiere for etiquette and less often. This group of elderly women feel tedious, stage or uncomfortable for the brassiere. 3. Most of the elderly women know about their brassiere size. Such variables as age, education and income are correlated positively with the interest in and consciousness of the brassiere size. All in all, the statistical distribution of elderly women's brassiere size is very wide, while most of them use 90A, 85A and 95A sizes. On the other hand, the most popular size of the under bust circumference is 85∼90cm, while their primary cup size is A.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1346-1361
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• 2011

This study examined the body characteristics, perceived body size and body-cathexis according to the stature of women aged 18 to 59. Special focus was on women of short stature; in addition, the study searched for the proper clothing fit and satisfaction level for short women. The 2010 SizeKorea data of 2,586 women aged 18 to 59 was analyzed statistically to find the distribution of stature according to 4 age groups along with the body characteristics and proportion of 3 stature groups in each age group. A questionnaire was conducted with responses from 412 women aged 18 to 59, and the perceived body size and satisfaction with body size of 3 stature groups were studied with 5 Likert scales. Although the stature of Korean women has increased, short stature women (those under 155cm) still represent a high percentage of individuals in Korea. Short women (small in height and length) had unique body characteristics in width, depth, and girth that were distinguished from the characteristics of medium or tall women. Especially, the lower body part of short women had distinct characteristics. Accordingly, it is undesirable to reflect the same ease or same body proportion in clothing construction for the 3 stature groups. Short women perceived their stature and length of upper or lower body as too short and the satisfaction with their body size was lower than medium or tall women. To upgrade the clothing fit and satisfaction of short women, it is necessary to reflect the unique body characteristics of short women in clothing design and construction.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2005

To examine the influence of aging on the mechanism of muscle fatigue, we compared the magnitude of central and peripheral fatigue in young and old women before, during and after a sustained submaximaI isometric contraction of elbow flexor muscles. Twelve women (6 young. $20.7{\pm}1.2$ years and 6 old, $68.8{\pm}29$ years) performed a contraction at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque with their non-dominant arm. The old women were weaker than the young women, however their endurance time for the 20% contraction was longer compared with the young women ($1822{\pm}444$ vs. $1061{\pm}678$ sec, P <. 05). Both groups had a similar reduction in voluntary activation ratio (VA) during and after the fatiguing contraction. However, the old women showed much greater variability in VA before and after the contraction ($91.61{\pm}4.54%$ and $76.70{\pm}19.55\;%$ range of $79{\sim}99$ to $87{\sim}99%$ respectively) compared with the young women ($95.71{\pm}1.86\;%$ and $83.46{\pm}7.57\;%$ range of $39{\sim}75$ to $69{\sim}90%$, respectively). Furthermore, the EMG activity of the elbow flexor muscles and triceps brachii was greater for the old women compared with the young women throughout the fatiguing contraction, indicating different activation strategies with age. Indices of peripheral fatigue including twitch properties, showed that fatigue within the muscle was more rapid for the young women compared with the old women. These results suggest that although old women are weaker than young women, they have greater endurance due to mechanisms within muscle. Furthermore, old women showed great variability in their ability to optimally activate all muscle fiber compared with young women for an isometric contraction.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.150-162
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• 2011

Purpose: To investigate the change of the climacteric syndrome with women with induced menopause by hysterectomy or ovariectomy compared with women with natural menopause. Methods: Menopausal women(aged 45-55) were selected at two oriental medicine hospitals, Sam-se Oriental Medicine Hospital and Daegu Hannny Oriental Medicine Hospital. They were asked about Kupperman's Index, MENQOL and a few additional questions. They were divided into two groups: women with induced menopause by hysterectomy or ovariectomy and women with natural menopause. To analyse the Kupperman's index and MENQOL, SPSS for Windows 12.0 and Wilcoxon Ranked Sum Test were used. Results: The total sums of Kupperman's index and MENQOL were significantly correlated with women with induced menopause and women with natural menopause and women with induced menopause had higher total sums. Both the renal and urinary tract disorder and the sexual disorder were significantly correlated with women with induced menopause and women with natural menopause. The gastrointestinal and psychosocial disorder of Kupperman's index and MENQOL were not significantly correlated with women with induced menopause and women with natural menopause. Conclusions: Women with induced menopause by hysterectomy or ovariectomy experienced climacteric syndrome more severely compared with women with natural menopause, specifically the renal and urinary tract disorder and sexual disorder.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1089-1103
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing a health-promoting lifestyle among highly educated, married women with or without work outside the home. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study. Subjects were 250 married, unemployed women and 236 married women employed as teachers. Women who have not graduated college, work only part-time or have no current spouse were excluded. The instruments used were the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, et al., 1987) and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (Backe, et al., 1982), The HPLP scores of the employed, married women were significantly lower than those for unemployed respondents. for both groups of respondents, the self-actualization subscale was the highest score and the exercise subscale was the lowest score. The HPLP indicated that exercise is a very weak area. Thus, an increase in exercise time and frequency, especially for highly educated, married women, is suggested. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a health-promoting lifestyle of unemployed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, depression and satisfaction of role allotment. On the other hand, a health-promoting lifestyle of employed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, stress, self-perceived economic status, coffee consumption, husband's help, and maid's help. That is, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less depression and more satisfaction of role allotment, unemployed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. Also, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less stress, better self-perceived economic status, less coffee consumption, more husband's help and more maid's help, employed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. The results indicate that sports activity and leisure-time activity were the first and the second determinants of health-promoting lifestyle respectively. Therefore, an exercise-centered health-promoting program for highly educated, married women is suggested in the community or workplace. Especially, the program should be designed to be easily approachable for highly educated, employed married women who have more of a role burden compared to unemployed women.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.144-144
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.107.1-107.1
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• 2000

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-54
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• 2010

In this work, we investigated the images of (unmarried) single women as seen from the viewpoint of married men and women. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty-seven (married) men and women of ages from twenties to sixties. By carrying out a content-analysis on the interview results, we could extract three different thematic types of images on single women, which are (1) single women seeking some outlet of their passion instead of forming a family, (2) single women who are enjoying a life of unbound liberty, unlike married men and women, and (3) single women who have distinct personalities from married men and women. Each of these three thematic types could be further classified into narrower themes of specific images. From the first theme of single women who are looking for some outlet of their passion instead of forming a family, one could extract two specific image types in which the single women choose their work as the main outlet of their passion, or else they choose self-development. From the second theme of single women who are leading a life of unbound liberty, four different specific types were found, which are single women with sexual freedom, single women enjoying liberty from the bondage of a family, single women who can freely choose men to go out with, single women who have privileges to enjoy consumption and leisure life only for themselves. From the third theme of single women who have distinct personalities from married men and women, four different types of images were found, that are single women who want to avoid the hard reality of marriage life, single women who are selfish and self-assertive and leading a life that is self-centered or one that is centered around communities of only singles, single women who have secret feelings of emptiness and loneliness, and finally single women who can not find satisfaction in their life style. The images of married men and women on (unmarried) single women are based on the perception that 'those single women are different from us because they are not married'. That is, married men and women look upon the life of single women from the perspective of marriage life that they are experiencing.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to identify sexuality for women with gynecological cancer. Methods: A total of seven women with gynecological cancer agreed to participate in this study. The data were collected utilizing in-depth semi-structured interviews style. A descriptive study design was used in this study. The interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis methodology. Results: Three themes identified were: 'women with gynecological cancer who give up their sexual life due to misunderstanding and fear', 'women with gynecological cancer who control their body and mind for recovery', 'women with gynecological cancer resume their sexual life with their partner's will'. Conclusion: To improve sexual health and quality of life for women with gynecological cancer, we need to develop programs related to sexual health. An adjusted sexual health program will contribute to increased sexual health and quality of life for women with gynecological cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.726-736
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• 2018

This study determined how the upper body shape of elderly women changes with age in order to improve the fit of clothing worn by elderly women. Thirty-nine healthy elderly Japanese women had their body measurements taken by measuring tape and a 3D body line scanner (Hamamatsu Model #C9036-02) from December 2011 to March 2012 at a university in Tokyo. It was found that the shoulder line shortens in women between the ages of 70 and 74, but that the upper arm lengthens in women between the ages of 75 and 79. It was also found that the upper part of the scapular area rolls forward in women between the ages of 70 and 74, and that the point of the back which protrudes the most-the lower scapular area-rolls forward in women between the ages of 75 and 79. The results will be helpful for designing clothes for elderly women as their body shape changes with age.