• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.712-722
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to classify of the Hair ornaments in old tombs of the Three Kingdom States. Hair ornaments was divided into Combs, Rod-like hairpins, Chae[;釵], Boyo[;步搖] Combs were 2 type in according to the tooth's space, wide-tooth comb[;梳] and fine-tooth comb(;比). The general name of two type was called Jeul(;櫛). Combs were excavated from the only ancient Silla tombs. Rod-like hairpins were called Gha(叉) or Jam(:簪). They were found in most of the old tombs in Goauryeo, Baekje, ancient Silla tombs. The style was L-type and embellished circular head-type. Chae(;釵) was understand Cha(:叉) that had two tongs. Chae(:釵) was generally U-type and rarely hairtweezers -type. Jakchae(;爵釵) was understand distinctive Chae(;釵) hanged with phoenix. This type was excavated from the only Baekje tombs of King of Muryeong. Boyo(;步搖) was originally a hair decoration of the northern nomadic tribes which had been introduced to the Wijin period. Boyo gained its popularity by the women in Dang Dynasty, hair ornaments were considered indicators of status and wealth. Boyo(;步搖) hair accessory features of which are suspended from a elaborate hairpin structure. Such pieces were designed to sway as their wearer walked. The bequest was not found, but we catch the Boyo(; 步搖) that was women'head decoration in painting of old tombs in Goguryeo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.829-840
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• 1999

Ordinarily hair styles and headclothes show the racial characteristics. Uighur's men had let their long hair hang down their back in many queues, According to the order of estates men wore double high coronets hthree-pointed coronets from the headdress. Married women wore the felt headdress. The type of men's clothes were long caftans which had a round collar slits on the both sides and tight sleeves. They tied Chan Die belts and wore long boots. Women wore long tunics with everted collar which was decorated. Later the type of women's dress was changed into the long caftan. Late period of Turfan Uighur Mongol style had appeared.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

It is a reality that office workers in modern society cannot overlook their appearance management for promotion in the workplace that does not fall behind in competition with others and smooth human relationships. According to this social trend, it is time to conduct an in-depth cosmetology study on the appearance management and perception of office workers, including hair styles. Therefore, this study analyzed the hair style type and preference closely by cross-analyzing the differences between groups by classifying the occupational persons of female airline crew, female soldiers, female sportsmen, female lawyers, and female nurses into age, marriage, academic background, and occupation. As result of study, it was found that different women in each occupational group had different results, such as their current hair style type and hair texture, the use of current hair styling products, and their personal preference for women's hairstyles and hair colors. This study will be used as basic data for developing new mode items that meet customer needs in the beauty marketing market and researching customer demand.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and narcissism on body stress. Questionnaires are being administered to 206 women in their 20's-50's living in Deagu and Kyunbook province. The Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan-test are used for data analysis. Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance are categorized into media appearance internalization and social recognition of appearance. Narcissism factors are found to be leadership/privilege, ostentation, and superiority. Body stress is categorized into 4 factors: weight stress, skin aging stress, body dissatisfaction, and hair stress. Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance was related to the sub-variables of narcissism, and body stress. Media appearance internalization is the sun-variable of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and has significant effects on weight stress, skin aging stress, and body dissatisfaction sub-variables for body stress. Ostentation, and superiority being the sub-variables of narcissism, have significant effects on weight stress, skin aging stress, body dissatisfaction, and hair stress, the sub-variables for body stress. Ages of women display distinctions between the sub-variables in sociocultural attitudes toward appearance such media appearance internalization, and in narcissism such leadership/privilege, ostentation, superiority, and body stress such weight stress, skin aging stress, body dissatisfaction, and hair stress. This result can be a necessary base line data for adult women's appearance management by examining the influence of the attitude toward the appearance developed from the relationship with people around body stress.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

This study examined knowledge and hair care behaviors of hair and scalp on UV(ultraviolet) comparing beauty care major and non-major female students. Results were obtained by questionnaire in 159 students majoring in beauty care and 198 students not majoring, was used frequency analysis, varimax rotation, t-test, F-test, Tukey post test. The analysis was statistically processed by using SPSS 12.0 program. The knowledge of hair and scalp on UV associated with a major showed significant on hair damage, in the UV, hair, scalp, hair damage, and UV and hair-related items, suggesting higher level in major female students. The results of care behaviors of UV and hair and scalp knowledge associated with a major. Correlation of care behaviors with a major showed significant results. For correlation by subfactor, there was significant difference in self-care, habitual care, and washing care between two groups, but there was no significant difference in protection care. It was found that both major and non-major students did not receive professional care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.23
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• pp.211-223
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• 1994

It was aimed to study the costume of Koryo dynasty based upon the one hundred and ten pictures of the writtened Budist scripture. The costume to study were made about 400 years during the King Mok-jong(1006) to the first year of the king Kong-yang based upon the Avatamaka Sutra and the Sutra of the Lotus. 가) Men's wear : 1. Hair style and hair dress : 1) Man bored a hair and put on the hat such as a Kuan, Kun, and Mo. The young boys binds his hair up one, two, and three knots, and tied up with a hair ribbon. A kinds of hats were Tung-t'ien-kuan(Yuan-yu-kuan) and Chin-hien-kuan and as a court dress. The man wore pok-여 as an official uniform and wore a pok-du , kun-mo as an everyday dress and wore a helmet as a solidier's uniform. 2. Clothes : 1) They wore Yuan-yu-kuan and Chin-hien -kuan as a court dress, and wore belt, boots, pleated decorated ling skirt also. They wore round shape collor big sleeve jacket, small sleeve long coat, belt , boots as an official dress. 2) the soldiers wore helmet, scarf, yangdang-kap , hung-kap, bak-kap, we-yo-kap, kun-kap and jok-kap and carries arms. 3) The young boys bind his hair up one, two and three angle shape an tied up a hair ribbons. 나) Women's wear : 1. Hair Style and hair dress : high rank ladies made their hair top knot (one, two, or more knots) and tied with hair ribbons , and decorated with precious stone, pan shape head dress , wheel shape head dress. 2. Clothes ; 1) high rank ladie's wore kun -kyun attached jacket , and jacket sleeves decorated pleats and pleats decorated on skirt, apron, back apron, knot belt, scarf.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.74-87
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• 2010

Jeokgwan(翟冠, crown decorated with pheasant motifs) is a queen's ceremonial headdress during the early Joseon dynasty. It originated from Bong-gwan(鳳冠, crown decorated with phoenix motifs) worn by the Chinese empress. Bong-gwan(鳳冠) was originally various types of hairpins worn with the topknot hair style, such as Bongchae(鳳釵) Hwasu(花樹) Bakbin(博鬢), but during the Sung dynasty(宋, 960-1279) these ornamental hairpins were combined with the crown worn by the empress. Bong-gwan(鳳冠) worn during the Ming dynasty(明, 1368-1644) varied according to the wearer's social status and it was worn both by the empress and other court ladies. Jeokgwan(翟冠), one type of Bong-gwan(鳳冠) worn by the queens and princesses of Ming dynasty, was given to those of the Joseon dynasty as a gift until the early 17th century. According to the portraits and remains of China, when women wore the Jeokgwan(翟冠), they were supposed to place the crown onto the hair, and then, fix the crown to the hair by putting on gorgeous hairpins. The lower edge of the crown was wrapped around with Gu-gwon(口圈), which was decorated with kingfisher's feathers. There are several flowery decorations on Gu-gwon(口圈), and this style is similar to Daeyobanja(大腰斑子), a queen's ceremonial hairband during the late Joseon dynasty.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 1999

In this study, the researcher studied the historical background and the traditional culture about dress and ornament of Yunnan Province of China. The Results of the study are as follows. 1. In the Past, Derung's dress was very simple due to the influence of various factors, such as geography and history. Men wore shorts and covered diagonally a piece of cloth from left shoulders to right armpits and tied up the two ends on chests. Women covered crisscross two pieces of cloth from both shoulders to knee. 2. Achang people's dress and adornment has its own unique characteristic. Generally, men wear Jackets with buttons down the front and black trousers. Unmarried men like to wear white turbans, while most of married men usually wear dark blue ones. Women usually wear tight-sleeve blouses with buttons down the front and skirts. Unmarried women wear the hair in braids coil them on the top of their heads. They wear short blouses and trousers. Married women wear their hair Into buns and like to entwine black or blue cloth into high trubans. They wear short blouses and knee-length straight skirts. Achang knife enjoys high reputation and has a long history and an exquisite workmanship. All the men like to wear it. 3. The dress and adornment of the Lahu nationality has both the characteristic of farming culture and the style of nomadic culture of early times. Men usually wear short shirts with round necks and buttons down the front, loose-legged trousers, turbans or dark blue cloth caps Women's dress and adornment can be categorized into two styles. One is black cloth gown with buttons diagonally on the right front and waist-length slits on both sides. The edges of fronts and cuffs are edged with Silver ornaments and lace. They also wear trousers. The other is short blouse with round neck and short opening on th right front, straight skirt and colourful leggings with embroidered patterns. 4. The Hani people, men and women, old and young, like black colour and are fond of wearing black clothes. Men usually wear shirts with buttons down the front and trousers, entwining their heads with black or white cloth. The elderly people wear calottes. Women wear cloth blouses, skirts and trousers or shorts. Slight differences exist in the clothing and adornments according to region, branch and age 5. Blang people's dyeing technique with an exquisite method has a long history. Men wear dark blue long sleeve shirts with round necks and buttons down the front or arranged diagonally on the front and loose-legged trousers. Elderly men wear big turbans wdress and adornment varies greatly in different regions. 6. The Lisu people culture of dress and adornment has some unique characteristics. The styles and colours of their dress and adornment differ slightly from place to place. In the Nujiang area, Women wear black velvet Jackets over blouses with buttons arranged diagonally on the right front and long pleated ramie skirts. Men usually wear wraparound ramie gowns, with center vent, made of fabrics alternated with white and black cross stripes. They also wear cloth waistbands and trohile youngsters keep their hair short. Women's users. In the Lushui area, the dress and adornment is similar to that in the Nujing region, but women wear aprons and trousers instead of skirts. 7. The Nu people dress and adornment is simple but elegant Women are proficient in ramie-weaving. Men usually wear gowns With overlapping necks, knee-length trousers and leggings. They like to wear their hair long and entwine dark blue or white turbans. Women wear black and red vests over blouses with buttons arranged diagonally on the right front and ankle-length skirts. They also wear their hair long, make it into braids, and entwine dark blue or colourful cloth turbans. 8. Pumi men usually wear ramie shirts With buttons arranged diagonally on the right front, loose trousers and white sheepskin vests. Some also wear overcoats made of "pulu". Women's dress and adornment varies in different areas. In the Lanping and Weixi regions, women wear white short blouses with buttons arranged diagonally on the front and dark brown embroidered vests. They also wear trousers and blue or black cloth turbans. In the Ninglang and Yongsheng regions, women wear hemmed blouses With buttons arranged diagonally on the right front and drape sheepskin capes. They also wear white pleated skirts and use broad colourful cloth as their waistbands.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the physical-related stress on the appearance management behavior of middle-aged women. The questionnaires were administered to 414 middle-aged women living in Gwang-ju city, Korea. For analysis of data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan-test were applied. The result was as follows. First, the middle-aged women's physical-related stress was classified as follows: 1) body-related stress, 2) face-related stress, 3) hair-related stress. The middle-aged women were under a lot of pressures from hair. Second, usually, between the group of physical-related much stress and a little stress. There was not significant difference in appearance management behavior: existence in a purchasing experience. But there were significant differences in it: intention of purchasing. Third, among demographic factors(age, educated level, job, income, and existence or nonexistence menstruation), there were significant differences on a physical-related stress. Finally, among demographic factors(age, educated level, job, income, existence or nonexistence her husband, and existence or nonexistence menstruation), there were significant differences in appearance management behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.2 s.101
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• pp.70-82
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends and features of male fashion and hair style image and thereby, determine the relationship between fashion and hair styles, and thus, provide for some basic data for future studies about male hair styles as well as for new male hair style trends. For this purpose, relevant literature was extensively reviewed including some visual materials. The major references for this study were domestic and foreign books, journals and preceding studies about fashion and hair. The visual materials referred to for this study were domestic magazines specialized in fashion and hair, visual data supplied by hair product brands, Korea Beauty Parlor Journal, Beauty and Cosmetic Newspaper, Beauty Today, and such fashion special websites as $S{\cdot}F{\cdot}I,\;C{\cdot}F{\cdot}T$, firstview.com, fashionwide.com, etc. Based on the results from a questionnaire survey of master or Ph degree holders of apparel science, reputed designer were sampled and then, 80 works were finally sampled from their collections published between January, 2002 and April, 2005. As a result of analyzing the images shown in modern male apparel and hair style fashions by classifying them into natural, restored, folklore and eclectic ones, it was confirmed that both male apparels and hair styles have been reinterpreted in modern terms depending on social and cultural settings to be expressed as new styles, and in particular, that male hair styles have evolved diversely into new styles depending on fashion tendencies, while having been versatile in some relationships with their fashion tendencies.