• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

The fertility rate of Korea has rapidly decreased to the lowest in the World. The fertility rate below replacement fertility level might result in many social problems. First, this study investigated the cause of low fertility rate. Second, the theories of the relationship between fertility rate and women's employment were reviewed. The previous studies suggested that the fertility rate was not always related to women's employment negatively and there was mediating factors between them. Third, the various factors that mediated the negative relationship between fertility rate and women's employment were described in personal, family and social levels. Finally, this study suggested the policies and strategies to solve the low fertility rate problem in Korea.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between fertility rate and the women's employment experience in household having one child, to observe the effects of related personal factor, family factor and social factor. The sample population included 276 married women in the reproductive ages(25$\~$45 years old) which are no additional pregnant or delivery after the first child birth. The major findings of the research are as follows: First, it shows some relevance between the plan of child birth and the experience of women for employment. Specially, the married women experiencing discontinuance of employment become to have a plan and motivation about the second child birth. Second, the motivations of child birth in woman of lower fertility household are related to her age, the existence of young child, and the education. Thirdly, as a result of Logit analysis, they have the plan to deliver additionally after first child birth in case of younger age and higher educational achievement than Master degree.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.125-138
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• 1999

Women’s employment rate is decreasing and unemployment rate is increasing since we crime to financial crisis in Korea. So, many women are interested in the running their own business. But people have not recognized the business as a field of women and women have not been accustomed to nil the business. This study aims to introduce the family business as an alternative of women’s employment. This study examines the prospect about family business in Korea through the literature. For this purpose, definition and present state about family business in Korea, motive and background which women start or succeed the family business, advantages and disadvantages which women have when they run the family business, and methods for supporting woman entrepreneur are suggested. finally, some suggestions in educational field for enlarging the women’s roles and relative importance in family business are presented.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.84-97
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• 1995

There is a widespread concern that women's increasing involvement in dual role (job plus family role) may harm their physical health. Longevity of women is longer than that of men. By contrast, prevalence rate is higher in women than men, and No. of prevalence days, No. of days in bed and No. of days with treatment are more in women. Generally, women live longer, but women are worse in health status than men. Rate of labor participation in women is increasing gradually in Korea. This study presents an analysis of the relationships between employment. marital status and health for both Korean women and men to examine how women's increasing involvements in dual role affect their physical health. The data used in this analysis were collected by The National Statistical Office in the spring of 1992. Households, which were sampled by using a three-stage stratified cluster sampling method, were interviewed. Response rate was 99.43%. Of these, student or widowed or divorced people were excluded. 47,552 women and men aged 21-50 were available for the analysis. Health status was measured by self-assessed health status (1=excellent, 5=poor), No. of prevalent days, No. of days with treatment, and No. of days in bed in two previous weeks. And control variables are age, and education. Research findings are as follows : 1. Men have better self-rated health, fewer prevalent days, fewer days in bed, and fewer days with treatment than women. 2. The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. 3. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. 4. Interaction effects of sex, marital status, employment are significant. This finding shows that effects of empolyment, marital status on health status is not same for women and men. 5. For male, employed people are more healthier than non-employed people. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. This differences are significant. For female, The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. However, no differences are noticed between the married and the unmarried in health status. In conclusion, there is no evidence that women's involvements in dual role affect their physical health negatively.

• 한국인구학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.113-143
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• 2002

이 연구는 개인들의 노동공급행위를 설명하는 중요한 이론 중 하나인 '인적자본론'이 여성들의 취업특성을 설명하는 데에 여전히 유효한지에 대한 문제제기에서 출발했다. 구체적으로 이 연구는 여성들이 지닌 인적자본이 여성들의 취업결정과 취업직종에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 경험적으로 분석했다. 이 연구에서 살펴보고자 하는 가설은 크게 두 가지로서, 첫째는 여성들의 인적자본이 여성들의 취업률에는 어떤 영향을 미치는지이며, 둘째는 여성들의 인적 자본이 여성들의 취업직종에는 어떤 영향을 미치는지이다. 한국사회 고학력 여성들의 경제활동참여율이 매우 저조하다는 데에서 알 수 있듯이, 여성들이 지닌 인적자본이 여성들의 취업률에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못할 것이라는 점이 이 연구의 주된 가설이다 하지만 일단 취업을 한 여성들의 경우에는 그들이 갖고 있는 인적자본이 취업직종에서는 상당한 설명력을 지닐 것으로 여겨져 이러한 내용으로 두 번째 가설이 구성되었다. 분석 결과, 가설에서 설정한 대로 인적자본론의 이론적 예측과 달리, 여성들의 취업결정에 인적자본은 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하거나 혹은 정반대로 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 가장 중요한 인적자본 중의 하나인 '학력'의 효과를 살펴보면, 학력이 높을수록 뚜렷하게 일률적으로 취업률이 낮아짐을 확인해 볼 수 있었다. 그밖에, 여성들이 지닌 자격증이나 취업 훈련 여부, 또 건강 상태 등과 같은 인적자본 요소도 여성들의 취업결정에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다 한편 인적자본은 여성들의 취업직종에는 상당한 정도의 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만. 이 분석결과도 실질적인 내용을 따져보니 그다지 유효한 영향 효과라고 보기 어려웠다 취업직종과 연령 및 학력과의 회귀분석 결과 여성 취업직종의 열악한 상황을 재확인해 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 한국사회 여성들의 인적자본은 여성들의 취업 결정 및 취업유형에 의미있는 변수가 되지 못한다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2017

In this paper, I studied several universities which are especially famous for video and media fields in the United States to develop our international competitiveness. I selected the outstanding US universities and researched the various indexes of corresponding department, internship program and other activities related with company. Then, analyzed the research results and compared with the department of Video Broadcasting at the K women's university in our country. As a result, the retention rate and the graduate rate of the 4-years universities(bachelor's degree) are very higher than the 2-years associated degree among the US universities. On the other hand, although the department of Video Broadcasting at the K women's university is the associated degree course, it shows up the highest the retention rate and the graduate rate than the US universities. Therefore, we are able to recognize that K Women's University has managed its students well. However, the employment rate of the K Women's University was poor than the US universities due to the lack of the internship programs, other activities supported by companies and the career service center.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.107-120
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to figure out the wife's employment and family economic structure of urban establishing families. For this purpose 274 establishing families in Seoul and its metropolitan area were interviewed through the standardized questionnares. Finally 264 questionnares were analyzed. The major findings were as follows; 1. The 23.9% of respondents had full-time job and 12.1% had part-time job. The major reason of nonemployment was child-rearing problems. And most ofthem answered that they would have job if child-rearing problems were sloved. 2. In both full-time and part-time job wives, the employment rate of high educational level's wives was high-relatively. 3. Total household monthly income of full-time job women was higher than the ones of part-time job and full-time wives. In total monthly income of full-time job women, the rate of wife's income was about 38%. 4. The costs of clothings, the cost of traffic and the total expenditures of full-time wife's household were higher than the ones of the other households. 5. The saving rate of the urban establishing families was about 27%.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제52호
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• pp.11-40
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• 2017

본 연구는 가정폭력의 사회적 중요성이 부각되는 가운데 가정폭력 정당화에 영향을 미치는 개인수준과 국가수준의 요인을 진단하였다. 개인수준의 변수로는 경제적 역할에서의 여성에 대한 편견과 사회적 역할에서의 여성에 대한 편견을 사용하였으며, 국가수준의 변수로는 성불평등에 영향을 주는 여성취업율과 민주주의지수를 고려하였다. 분석에 포함된 국가는 총 36개 국으로 개인수준에서는 세계가치관조사 자료를 사용하였으며 국가수준에서는 국제부흥개발은행의 여성취업률 자료와 경제정보연구소에서 발행한 민주주의지수 등을 활용하였다. 분석결과 개인수준의 변수인 경제적 역할에서의 여성에 대한 편견과 사회적 역할에서의 여성에 대한 편견 모두 가정폭력 정당화에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 국가수준의 변수인 여성취업률과 민주주의지수 또한 가정폭력 정당화에 유의미한 효과를 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 개인수준의 왜곡된 성역할 인식과 국가수준의 성불평등이 가정폭력 정당화를 초래할 수 있다는 이러한 결과는 성역할에 대한 긍정적인 사회문화 조성과 국가수준에서의 성 평등에 대한 노력의 중요성을 보여주며 정책적인 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.5-40
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• 2002

본고는 생애에 걸친 한국여성의 경제활동참가유형은 어떠한 것이며, 첫 노동시장 이동을 결정하는 요인은 무엇인지를 규명하고자 하였다. 분석모형으로 첫 비취업으로의 이행확률 결정요인을 추정하기 위해 가변변수를 통합하고, 또한 지속기간 의존성과 비관측 이질성을 통합할 수 있도록 Lancaster(1979)의 방식을 따라 기본해자드 모형을 확장시켰다. 분석자료는 한국여성개발원이 2001년에 실시한 $\ulcorner$제4차 여성취업실태조사$\lrcorner$ 결과이며, 최종분석대상은 표본가구에 거주하는 15세 이상 65세미만의 여성 중 재학생을 제외한 4,109 명이다. 여성의 이학 후 관측시점까지의 햇수는 평균 21.3년인데, 이 기간 중 실제로 취업한 햇수는 8.2년으로 총 기간의 38.5%에 해당한다. 또한 이 취업기간의 비중은 정규분포를 나타내지 않고 산포되어 있어, 여성은 노동공급의 연속성 측면에서 매우 이질적임을 보여준다. 여성의 첫 노동시장 퇴출을 결정하는 요인으로 직업과 생애주기가 유의하게 나타났다. 즉 전문직에 종사할수록 노동시장의 퇴출을 늦추는 한편, 결혼이나 출산에 비해‘6세 미만 자녀유무’가 중요 퇴출요인으로 나타났다. 이것은 출산이후에도 취업을 계속하던 여성들이 양육역할의 가중 및 둘째 자녀의 출산 등으로 취업을 중단하는 것을 시사한다. 그러나 여성의 학력은 생애주기에 관계없이 일관되게 취업지속기간을 짧게 하는 것으로 나타나 인적자본이론의 기대와 배치된다. 첫 퇴출로의 이행률은 부의 기간지속성을 나타내며, 비관측 이질성을 통제한 이후에도 부의 기간의존성이 여전하여 진정한(true) 음의 기간의존성이 존재하는 것으로 추정된다. 비관측 이질성을 통제할 때, 그 동안 부분적으로 존재하던 세대효과가 완전히 사라진다 따라서 최근 세대일수록 취업연속성이 증가하는 추이가 나타난다고 할 수 없으며, 그간 여성의 경제활동참여 증가가 취업연속성의 향상에 의해 기인한 것이 아니라 취업경력이 짧은 신규 진입자의 증가에 의한 것임을 암시한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.133-150
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• 2014

This study is aimed at examining the employment preparation of Chinese migrant women and exploring measures to support their employment in a practical manner. To accomplish the objectives, in-depth interviews with 15 Han Chinese and Korean Chinese women, who represent the highest proportion in Korea, were conducted. Each interview lasted for about an hour and a half on average, and there were additional questionnaires and observations on vocational courses. Collected data was analyzed in 4 steps by utilizing the analysis methods suggested by Lichtman (the three C's of data analysis: codes, categories, concepts), which were transformed to fit the final data. The research findings are as follows. First, the fundamental reasons that Chinese migrant women seek employment in Korea are as follows: role model as a mother based on motherhood and the desire to be recognized as a member of society. Second, as for employment strategies, although all the respondents were only dependent on the referral of their acquaintances and national institutions, Han Chinese and Korean Chinese women had ambivalent attitudes toward each other. Third, they attributed the causes of unemployment to personal aspects such as the amount of effort made and luck, and social structural aspects, including employment instability and low acceptance of multi- cultural individuals. Fourth, the migrant women hoping for 'complete integration' in the future, suggested some practical employment support measures. Such measures should be established by comprehensively reflecting their reasons for getting a job, employment strategies, attributions of unemployment, and employment outlook, rather than as response measures to the low birth rate and aging issues in Korea.