• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.107-138
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• 2002

In general, women's labor force participation follows a M-curve pattern because women's state of economic activity usually changes by their life course stage. This research attentions that the effect of sequence of life course as well as the effects of‘marriage bar’, or‘maternity leave’is very important in understanding women's chaning economic activity status. First, this research hypothesizes that women's four patterns of job career such as‘continuous pattern’,‘discontinuous pattern’,‘non-economic activity pattern’,‘marriage leave pattern’result a significant difference in social and demographic variables. Second, this research analyzes the effect of ordering and timing of life events on women's work transition. This research investigates labor market dynamics to conceptualize labor market behaviors using longitudinal data and sequence analysis and event history analysis. We find that four patterns of job career vary by age, educational attainment, having a certificate or not, their parents’human capital and health status. And we find that the ordering and timing of‘participation in labor market’and‘marriage’determine the pattern of women's work transition.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.90-102
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identity factors affecting patient adherence and to develop an explanatory model for patient adherence in patients with spinal cord injury. 8 Variables that were based on the previous research and a review of literature were used to construct hypothetical model. Social support, economic status, perceived barrier, patient provider relationship and rehabilitation related knowledge were the exogenous variables, depression, self-efficacy and patient adherence were the endogenous variables. Methods: Data form 117 patients with SCI were analysed to test the hypothetical model, using SAS and LISREL 8.53 program. Results: The overall fitness of the model was good (GFI=.991, AGFI=.915, NNFI=1.299, NFI=.953, p=.632) Depression, powerlessness, economic status were the strong factors influencing patient adherence. Powerlessness was significant factors for self-efficacy. Conclusion: To improve of patient adherence should focus on nursing intervention for depression, powerlessness and economic status.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.2 s.74
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• pp.137-148
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• 2005

This study compared one-child households' economic structures between those who determined not to have more children and those who have a birth plan. This study examined the demographic characteristics and economic variables such as income, consumption expenditures, assets. debt, and a subjective evaluation of future economic status. Especially, it compared the effects of socioeconomic variables on expenditures on a child between low-fertility and birth-planned households. From a questionnaire completed by a husband or wife of one-child households, 154 low-fertility households and 201 birth-planned households were obtained. A t-test, chi-square test, multiple regression analysis and a dummy variable interaction technique were used. The findings of this study are as follows: First, low-fertility households were older, had higher income, and had more educated, employed wives. Their marital duration was longer, and their child was older than those of birth-planned households. Second, low-fertility households had higher consumption expenditures than did birth-planned households. Especially, expenditures of apparel and shoes, health care, education, and entertainment were significantly higher for low-fertility households. Also, low-fertility households spent more than did birth-planned households on a child. However, low-fertility households had significantly more debt than did their counterparts, and their expectation level of future economic status were lower than that of birth-planned households. Third, the effects of socioeconomic variables on expenditures on a child were different between low-fertility and birth-planned households. Age, education level, husband's occupation, wife's employment status, income, net asset, and subjective evaluation of future economic status showed significant differences. Income elasticity of expenditure on a child was significantly higher for low-fertility households than their counterparts.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.135-164
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• 2004

Using the data from the KLIPS, this study categorizes unemployed women into the four mutually exclusive groups according to the two criteria (whether to have intention to work and the comparison of reservation and market wages), and investigates factors affecting the status of the unemployment of women. Heckman's sample selection regression and multinomial logit are applied for the estimation. The major results are: the proportion of unemployed women who do not have intension to work or whose reservation wages are greater than expected market wages is about 50%, and the proportion of unemployed women who have intension to work or whose reservation wages are less than expected market wages is about 50%; second, human capital, burden of child raising and household production, household economic status, the variables related to work experience are found to be the factors affecting unemployment status of women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to survey female Vietnamese marriage immigrants' life stress and to analyze factors influencing their life stress and coping strategies. Methods: As descriptive correlation research, this study conducted a survey with 182 conveniently sampled subjects. Data were collected in June, 2015, and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The subjects' life stress levels were above average, and significantly varied according to their health, and economic status. Stress coping strategies used by the subjects included assistance seeking, problem avoidance, wishful thinking, problem solving, and emotional alleviation in the order of frequency. As a result of the stepwise multiple regression, economic level, economic activity, and health status were found to be the most significant factors influencing the subjects' life stress, and these variables explained 45.1% of the variation in life stress. Conclusion: Female marriage immigrants were experiencing above-average life stress, and they were coping with it mainly in terms of assistance seeking or problem avoidance. In order to mitigate their stress, therefore, it is necessary to provide extended employment opportunities and economic activities for them so that they can cultivate their abilities in health management.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.192-202
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the degree of anxiety about aging for middle aged and elderly women and to identify the overall degree of anxiety about aging and general characteristics of middle aged and elderly women. Method: The subjects of the study were 674 women who lived in Busan city, Korea. The sampling was at the researcher's convenience and data was collected from April to August, 2007. The instrument for the study was questionnaires consisting of the general characteristics, and Anxiety about Aging for Elderly by Watkins, Coates, and Ferroni(1998). Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA with Scheffe's test were used for data analysis. Result: The results of this research were as follows: The mean score of anxiety about aging was 50.32$\pm$5.75. The results reveal that middle aged women are more anxious about aging than old women. Anxiety about aging was the most common psychological dimension of the six factors. According to the general characteristics, there was a significant difference in education, subjective economic status, composition of family and job status in anxiety about aging. Conclusion: The results of this study help in explaining psychological health. In addition, development of adequate interventions to decrease anxiety about aging in women is needed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.155-174
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family strengths and self-esteem on depression among married women who have adolescents in middle and high school of their first child in Korea. To measure of depression using the CESD(the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale), the degree of husewives' depression was relatively higher than that of employed married women. As for the related variables, educational degree, S.E.S(socio-economic status), self-esteem turned out significant in housewives' depression. But, in the case of employed married women, these were not significant. Therefore, we are confirmed that the etiologic model of this study was more proper to housewives than employed married women. Finally, in both cases of housewives and employed married women, the effects of family strengths were mediated or moderated by self-esteem in predicting depression. The results of this study called for the encouraging of married women's self-esteem, the parti ipation of various social programs for housewives, and the programs to strengthening of their family relationships.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.167-173
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• 2018

This purpose of this study was to analyze the variables associated with the ethical consumption behavior of children consumers. This subjects were 431 elementary school students. PASW 18.0 was used for data processing to do frequency analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, children consumers tend to a little higher everyday ethical consumption behavior than others-oriented ethical consumption behavior. Second, as a result of analyzing ethical consumption behavior according to social economic variables, a high tendency of ethical consumption behavior was shown in groups that personality is extrovert and their household economic status is over upper middle class and father's age is higher. Third, the variables affecting ethical consumption behavior of children consumers were self-regulation ability, materialism, altruism, personality tendency, household economic status. Materialism had a negative effect but self-regulation ability, materialism, altruism, personality tendency, and household economic status had a positive effect.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate factors related to middle-aged women's health beliefs and their intention to practice health behaviors for preventing and improving hypertension. Methods: The participants were 319 middle-aged(40-59 years) women who lived G city. Data was collected from January to February, 2005. Personal interviews were performed. The data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's multiple comparison test and hierarchial multiple regression analysis. Results: Perceived susceptibility of health belief was high in those who had higher educational level, disease history and health education experience, significantly(p<0.05). Perceived seriousness was high in those who had higher educational level, middle economic status and health education experience, significantly(p<0.05). Perceived benefits was high in those who had higher educational level and perceived barriers was low in those who had disease history and hypertension, significantly(p<0.05). The subject's intention to practice health behaviors was significantly high in those who were younger, who had higher educational level and menopausal status(p<0.05). In hierarchial multiple regression analysis, the subject's intention was related to perceived seriousness, perceived benefit and educational level, significantly(p<0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary to develope the education programs which can increase the subject's health belief and intention to practice health behaviors towards hypertension in middle-aged women.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine how sociodemographic status, family-related influences, and perceived future economic prospects were associated with the possibility of getting married and having children in a sample of 607 single young Korean adults. The sample comprised unmarried men and women in their 20s and 30s taken from the 2021 Seoul Family Report survey, and descriptive statistical and multiple regression analyses were conducted on the data. The results indicated that age, non-traditional marriage/childbearing values, parents' marital relationship during childhood, and the prospect of having a stable job and owning a home were significantly related to the possibility of marriage. With regard to the possibility of having children, a significant relationship was found with age, level of education, non-traditional marriage/childbearing values, recognition of the importance of family, parents' marital relationship during childhood, and the prospect of having a stable job and owning a home. The study also examined the importance of policies that make the possibility of marriage and having children more appealing to young unmarried adults in Korea by providing a positive outlook for the economy, a sense of stability, and a supportive approach to the value of having a family.