• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.68-80
• /
• 2022

Timber boardwalk decks are widely installed in parks and scenic areas to provide pedestrians an elevated footpath as well as harmony with the surrounding natural scene. In order to extend the lifespan of boardwalks in the outdoor environment, industrially treated pine timber, such as Pinus sylvestris, is often adopted. However, accidents of pedestrians injured by damaged boardwalk decks have been constantly reported. Therefore, the mechanical behavior of two different types of treated timber was examined in this study under repeated wetting and drying. An increasing number of radial cracks appeared with increasing length and width as more cycles were performed. A loss of more than 40% of the screw withdrawal capacity was observed in both end grain and face grain for the two types of timber after twelve accelerated wet-dry cycles, which coincides with the observation of damaged timber boardwalks in the field investigation. At the same time, it was found that both the compressive and the flexural strength was not sensitive to the wet-dry cycles especially at large cycle numbers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1088-1096
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether wild ginseng (WG) administration could attenuate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) following withdrawal from repeated morphine administration in rats. Male rats were administered daily doses of WG (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days, 30 min before morphine injection (40 mg/kg, s.c). The anxiety- and depression-like behavioral responses were measured 72 h after the last morphine injection using an elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Changes in hypothalamic CRF and NPY expressions were also examined by analyzing their immunoreactivities in the hypothalamus. Daily administration of WG significantly reduced anxiety- and depression-like behavior, and elicited the suppression of CRF expression and the stimulation of NPY expression in the hypothalamus. Our results demonstrated that WG extract might be effective at inhibiting the anxiety and depression responses due to morphine withdrawal by possibly modulating the hypothalamus CRF and NPY systems. Furthermore, these findings imply that WG extract can be used for developing new medication to cure or alleviate morphine withdrawal symptoms and to prevent relapses of morphine use.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2004

Objective:Nitric oxide(NO) has been known to be associated with tolerance and preference to alcohol. It has also been known to affect various alcohol drinking behavior, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and alcohol- induced brain damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference, among alcohol dependence group, alcohol drinking group and abstinence group, in serum concentration of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, and it's relationship to clinical and biochemical markers of alcoholism. Methods:Forty subjects diagnosed as alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were evaluated for the clinical characteristics and biochemical markers of alcohol dependence including nitrite with their CIWA-Ar scores checked just after admission. Thirty-nine healthy controls were also evaluated, divided into twenty-three alcohol drinking group and sixteen abstinence group. Clinical characteristics were evaluated by CIWA-Ar, CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires. Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase(GGT) and mean corpuscular volume(MCV) were used as the biochemical markers of alcohol dependence. Serum nitrite concentrations were measured by Griess reaction. Results:1) The concentrations of nitrite in alcohol dependence patients were not different from those in the control subjects. 2) There were no significant association between the nitrite concentrations and the CIWA-Ar scores in alcohol dependence patients. 3) Nitrites are significantly increased in alcohol dependence group and alcohol drinking group compared with abstinence group. Conclusions:These findings suggest that serum nitrite concentration has no relation with alcohol withdrawal symptoms, but alcohol drinking increases serum nitrite concentration influenced by general condition of the body.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.165-178
• /
• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to empirically verify the impact of media richness, social presence, and prior life satisfaction on various continual usage or withdrawal behaviors of SNS users via both a positive path of satisfaction and a negative path of relative deprivation. By identifying these causal paths, we observe dynamic interactions of SNS user psychology in a balanced view, and provide some implications about design principles for SNS providers. Research design, data, and methodology - We developed 16 hypothesis based on media richness theory, social presence theory, social comparison theory, the literature about relative deprivation, and the literature about the various reactions of IS users. The rich SNS media, social presence recognition among peer SNS users, and prior life satisfaction could generate positive experience, attitude, and virtuous behavioral intentions among SNS users. At the same time, rich media, low social presence, and low prior life satisfaction could generate relative deprivation and could increase withdrawal behavioral intentions such as refusal to provide information, misrepresentation of information, and removal of uploaded information in SNS. Scenario surveys were conducted to collect data from potential SNS users. Data from 357 surveys were collected and analyzed through a PLS algorithm to test the hypotheses. Results - Media richness, social presence, and prior life satisfaction could significantly increase perceived enjoyment, satisfaction, and behavioral intention of continual usage and knowledge sharing. They also could significantly decrease refusal and misrepresentation intention. Relative deprivation is significantly decreased only by prior life satisfaction. Relative deprivation could not significantly decrease satisfaction, but it could significantly increase misrepresentation and removal intention, which could be regarded as information distortion intention. Conclusions - SNS providers should focus on developing rich media and social presence support because these two variables could impact the positive experiences of SNS users. Moreover, the positive experiences could heavily influence SNS user behavior. Some management is needed to prevent relative deprivation and its consequences of misrepresentation and removal intention. SNS providers should prevent SNS users from excessive image misrepresentation and removal as this information distortion could be the source of relative deprivation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2006

This study investigated the behavior problems of children, both institutionalized and home-reared, depending on their sex, age, and entry to institution. The subjects included 621 children (274 institutionalized, 347 home-reared; 298 boys and 323 girls; 209 preschoolers, 223 first to third graders, 189 fourth to sixth). The data collected were analyzed with t-test, 3-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation. Children's emotionality had two sides: Positive (happiness) and negative (sadness, anger, and fear). Measures of behavior problems included internalization (anxiety, immaturity, withdrawal, physical symptom) and externalization (hyperactivity, aggression). The results of this study indicated that the institutionalized were higher in negative emotionality than their counterparts, whereas the home-reared higher in positive emotionality. The institutionalized children also had higher externalizing problems than the home-reared. Furthermore, children's negative emotionality was positively related to their internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, while their positive emotionality was negatively related to the internalizing behavior problems.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.298-305
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the eating habits and social behavior of preschool children. Six hundred twenty seven children ranging in age from 4 to 7 and their mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing the children's eating habits and kindergarten teachers were asked to rate the social behavior of their preschool children. The eating habits of children positively correlated to those of their mothers, primarily in meal regularity, breakfast frequency, unbalanced meals, overeating, eating delivery food and food preferences. The results showed that 33% of preschool children always had unbalanced meals and 50% sometimes had them. Children who had ice cream, cake, carbonated drinks or cookies as snacks more often, tend to have meals irregularly because they favored sweets and were possibly induced to have unbalanced meals. Sixty five percent of the children were graded as good in terms of having healthy eating habits and had good social behavior. The results indicate that the eating habits of children are related to problem behavior, especially social withdrawal and anxiety. That is, children who have undesirable eating habits are likely to be anxious or socially withdrawn.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2003

Many people suffer from chronic insomnia. Inappropriate sleep causes attention difficulties, decreased work efficiency, and increased traffic accidents and disasters. Evaluating the precise causes of insomnia prior to treatment is very important, because chronic insomnia can be a secondary symptom of other medical, psychiatric, and sleep disorders. Medication and behavior therapy are not exclusive of each other, and both treatments are beneficial to some patients, but currently many physicians and patients tend to be dependent only on medication. While long-term medication causes various degrees of dependency, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms, behavior therapy has a stable effect over a long period. Behavior therapy is one of the most important treatment modalities for chronic insomnia. It shortens sleep latency, and decreases frequency of awakening during sleep. The rationale and practice of currently used behavior therapy and light therapy will be reviewed in this study.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.249-267
• /
• 2015

This study aims to examine the effect of child-centered group play therapy on the improvement of withdrawn preschool children's daily stress, anxiety, peer interaction and EEG variation. The research subjects are 12 children of 3-5 years of age who are over 65T in the social-withdrawal scale of KPRC(Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children). They were recommended by class teachers due to the withdrawal behavior at D kindergarten in Seoul. The experimental group received 12 sessions of the child-centered group play therapy program, twice a week for 35 minutes. But the control group did not receive any of the child-centered group play therapy program. To verify the effects of the program, a Mann-Whitney-U test of the non-parametric was preceded and homogeneity between the two groups was verified. Also, a Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was conducted to check on the pre-to-post changes of daily stress, anxiety, peer-interaction and EEG variation by using SPSS 18.0. The results of this research showed that the child-centered group play therapy program decreases daily stress and anxiety, while it increases positive peer-interaction and the EQ of withdrawal children. The result of this study serves as a baseline data about the effects of child-centered group play therapy for withdrawal children with emotional difficulties.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2001

This study investigated institutionalized children's behavior problems depending on their family networks. Subjects were 250 institutionalized children in 15 child-welfare facilities in Seoul(132 preschooler, 55 first and 63 second grade children; 144 boys and 106 girls). Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan test. Measures of behavior problems included internalizing (anxiety, immaturity, withdrawal, physical symptom) and externalizing behavior problems (hyperactivity, aggression). Results showed that institutionalized children having parents were higher in internalizing problems than children not having parents, while children living with siblings in the facilities were lower in externalizing problems than children living without siblings. Furthermore, institutionalized children having parents and living without siblings were higher in both internalizing and externalizing problems than children not having parents and living with siblings.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.36 no.8
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 1998

This study investigated the relationship between the types of parental abuse and maladjustmental behaviors of adolescents. The subjects were 448 junior and senior middle school students. Statistics were frequencies, percentile, Pearson's r-coefficient, and regression analysis. The main results of this study were as follows ; 1. There were significantly positive correlation between the types of parental abuse and maladjustmental behaviors. 2. The variables, neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, and physical abuse were found to be the important variables in predicting social withdrawal. Neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, and sex of the child were found to be the important variables in predicting hyperactivity. Neglect, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be the important variables in predicting aggression. Sex of the child, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be the important variables in predicting retreat. And, neglect and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be important variables in predicting obsessive-compulsion.