• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.289-291
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• 2013

Moyamoya disease is a rare neurovascular disorder that involves constriction of certain arteries in the brain. In patients with moyamoya disease, it is very important to prevent cerebral ischemic attacks and intracerebral bleeding caused by fluctuating blood pressure and increased respiration. A 40-year-old woman with moyamoya disease was scheduled for extraction of her right upper and lower impacted wisdom teeth. Her lower impacted wisdom tooth was situated close to the inferior alveolar nerve. We decided to continue her oral antiplatelet therapy and planned intravenous sedation with analgesic agents administered approximately five minutes prior to extraction of the root of the mandibular wisdom tooth. Oral analgesic medications were regularly administered postoperatively to alleviate pain and anxiety. During the perioperative period, no cerebrovascular event occurred, and the wisdom teeth were successfully extracted as per the planned procedure. It is thought that the perioperative risks of wisdom tooth extraction in patients with moyamoya disease can be minimized with the use of our protocols.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.46.1-46.16
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• 2023

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) affects all age group and occurs mainly in women. Pyroptosis is a novel programmed cell death featured with cell bursting and release of proinflammatory cytokines. A deeper understanding of AIH pathogenesis will contribute to novel therapy for AIH patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-17 in immune-mediated liver injury. The levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA, and mRNA levels of STAT3 and IFN gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) were detected by PCR. Expressions of STAT3, IFI16, gasdermin D and cleaved caspase-1 were measured by western-blotting. Immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy were applied to evaluate liver histopathological changes of the treated mice. Our results showed that the levels of IFI16 was increased in hepatocytes treated with IL-17 protein, and further elevated after STAT3-overexpressed (STAT3-OE) lentivirus treatment. The levels of IFI16 were reduced in hepatocytes treated with IL-17 neutralizing Ab (nAb), but were significantly increased after STAT3-OE treatment. Pyroptosis was observed in hepatocytes treated with IL-17 protein, and further cell damage was observed after STAT3-OE lentivirus treatment. Liver damage was alleviated in mice treated with IL-17 nAb, however sever damage was experienced after STAT3-OE lentivirus treatment. A binding interaction between IFI16 and STAT3 was detected in IL-17 treated hepatocytes. Glutathione transaminase activity was enhanced in concanavalin A-induced AIH mice compared to the control group (p<0.01). IL-17 plays an important role in activating STAT3 and up-regulating IFI16, which may promote the pyroptosis in AIH-related liver injury through STAT3-IFI16 axis.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

Reactive disorder is a group of diagnosis with a definitely known etiology and whose etiological factor is essential to the diagnosis. In DSM system, such reactive disorders are listed as adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, brief psychotic disorder with marked stressor and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, a growing number of individuals is suffering from a prolonged feeling of embitterment after exceptional negative life events and this condition could be diagnosed neither PTSD nor adjustment disorder nor depressive disorder in the context of DSM-IV diagnostic system. This clinical condition can be described as 'posttraumatic embitterment disorder' (PTED). PTED is a reactive disorder triggered by exceptional, though normal negative life events such as conflict in the workplace, unemployment, death of a relative, divorce, severe illness, or experience of loss or separation. The common feature of such events is that they are experienced as unjust, as a personal insult, accompanied by psychological violation of basic beliefs and values. The central psychopathological response pattern in PTED is a prolonged feeling of embitterment. In particular, the core emotion of embitterment can lead to the rejection of treatment. Therefore, "wisdom therapy" as a new treatment approach specifically designed for PTED has been developed. It is assumed that many patients suffering from PTED are often misunderstood and misdiagnosed. This review would help to introduce PTED into the clinical field in psychiatry.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

21th century is a era of new pandemic. We are facing a new challenge and need a new way of approach. But eastern medicine and western medicine is clinging to their own way and have no intention to hear other one's opinion. Before the invention of the vaccination, smallpox has always been a major problem. Intellectuals in every country tried their best to find the treatment for the smallpox, and for Europian, didn't hesitate to borrow some knowledge of the pagon. Romans adopted the Galens concept, running away from the epidemic lesion. Christianity made smallpox Saints, and later adopted Razes heat therapy. But in the 17th century, these methods didn't turn out well, so they needed a new way of approach. By this movement, they had adopted the Chinese inoculation concept and invented a vaccination, By studying the effort of the Europian intellectuals who had tried their best to find the treatment for the smallpox until 17th century, we might get a glimps of wisdom which they had shown us. By this paper we can feel the passion to learn new techniques and their open mind and courage, which might be also needed in the 21th century, era of new pandemic.