• Title/Summary/Keyword: Wiring

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Emergency Reexploration for Bleeding after Open Heart Surgery wth Cardiopulmonary Bypass -A Report of 16 Cases- (개심술후 출혈로 인한 응급개흉술의 임상적 고찰)

  • 유재현
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.24 no.11
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    • pp.1068-1073
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    • 1991
  • Bleeding after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass was a cause of concern. requiring reexploration of the chest in approximately 8 percent of patients who have had operations on the heart. From April., 1983 to October, 1991, 16 patients[2%] out of 777 patients who underwent open cardiac surgery had emergency reexploration with bleeding at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital. In 12 cases[75%], reexploration was performed for continuous bleeding and the reminder[4 cases] were performed for suspected tamponade & hypotension. There were 9 cases[56%] of congenital heart disease and 7 cases of acquired heart disease. The mean blood loss were 997$\pm$472ml /sq. M in total cases and 1442$\pm$ 647ml /sq. M in cases repair of cyanotic heart disease. The mean interval till reoperation was 16.6hr [1hr~72hr] and 41 hr[12~72hr] in tamponade cases and 8.4hr[1hr~24hr] in continuous bleeding cases. The bleeding sites were identified in 7 cases: aortotomy site in 2 cases, ventriculotomy site, SVC, thymus, pleura and sternum wiring site in each other case. But no specific sites was found in the remaining 9 cases. The 8 cases had complications but all except 1 cases with hypoxic brain damage were recovered without sequale. We conclude that emergency thoractomy after open heart surgery may be lifesaving and-/or diminishing complications with bleeding if performed promptly with excessive bleeding, tamponade and unexpected hypotension.

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System Design of High-Definition Media Transceiver based on Power Line Communication and Its Performance Analysis (전력선 통신 기반 HD급 미디어 전송 시스템 설계 및 성능 분석)

  • Kim, Ji-Hyoung;Kim, Kwan-Woong;Kim, Yong-K.
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.59 no.1
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    • pp.192-196
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    • 2010
  • Due to a development of a modem technology as Power Line Communication(PLC) over 200 Mbps, the high-speed multi-media data trasmission could be currently possible. The strength of the PLC has no more additional wiring work. PLC has also possible to high quality data transmission with currently electrical cable. It has a various strong point campare with existing wire and wireless communication technologies. In This paper we develop a high quality media transmitter-receiver based on merging the HomePlug AV, which is 200 Mbps class PLC technology and HDMI Interface technology. The video function was used for the VEDEO TEST GENERATOR in order to a property valuation. Smart Live 6 software were used for the assessment of audio property. As the result of measurement of the HD class images by capturing from the receiver of the PLC, the quality of images couldn't be confirm any deterioration, which has compared with original reflections. In case of audio part as the result of confirmation of the Phase, Magnitude, it has been confirmed that over 90% of nomal transmition and receiving of acoustic signal. It can be possible to have HD class Media service through the PLC.

Application of a Wire code in Domestic Residential EMF Studies (국내 거주환경에서의 전자기장 노출평가를 위한 Wire code의 타당성에 관한 연구)

  • Tak, Sang-Woo;Kim, Hyun;Kim, Rohko
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2000
  • Wire codes, introduced by Wertheimer and Leeper, are interesting largely because several case-control studies have reported associations between them and certain types of cancers, including childhood leukemia. This paper is concerned with the reliability of wire codes as a surrogate for residential electric and magnetic field, divided into four categories based on the electrical wiring within 40m of homes. To examine the correlation between spot measurements and wire codes, EMF was measured by using HI-3604 and classified by wire codes. The correlation between long-transformed RMS of magnetic field and wire codes was 0.81. But the correlation between log-transformed RMS of electric field and wire codes was 0.27. The results led us to determine a four category from of the Wertheimer and Leeper code that 1) may be useful in domestic epidemiological studies and 2) is not suitable for electric field exposure. Thus, the critical point of exposure assessment in residential magnetic field is to classify a wire code precisely.

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Even Harmonic Analysis of Series Arc-fault Current Using BPF of GIC Application in Computer (GIC 적용 대역통과필터를 이용한 컴퓨터 부하의 직렬 아크고장 전류 우수고조파 분석)

  • Ko, Won-Sik;Moon, Won-Sik;Bang, Sun-Bae;Kim, Jae-Chul
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.61 no.10
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    • pp.1554-1560
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    • 2012
  • In this paper, the even harmonic current(2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th) of the arc fault current and normal current were measured in computer load and analyzed. The BPF with GIC was developed to detection of harmonic, the exact center frequency and a high degree of sharpness could be easily obtained. The total even harmonic distortion due to series arc fault in computer load was 31.2%, this value was increased 3.9 times better than the total even harmonic distortion of normal current. The results of analysis of arc fault current RMS variation rate and Peak variation rate per half-cycle, The RMS average variation rate are as follows ; the 2nd harmonic was 0.24, the 4th harmonic was 0.15, the 6th harmonic was 0.19, the 8th harmonic was 0.25, respectively. The Peak average variation rate are as follows ; the 2nd harmonic was 0.19, the 4th harmonic was 0.12, the 6th harmonic was 0.13, the 8th harmonic was 0.15, respectively. The results of this analysis utilize data to detect of series arc fault on wiring of computer load.

Arteriovenous Fistula after C1-2 Posterior Transarticular Screw Fixation - Case Report - (환축추체 후방 나사고정술 후 생긴 동정맥루)

  • Lee, Hyuk Gi;Cho, Jae Hoon;Lee, Sung Lak;Kang, Dong Gee;Kim, Sang Chul;Kim, Yong Sun
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.280-285
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    • 2000
  • Posterior transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability due to trauma or rheumatoid arthritis provides immediate rigid fixation of the C1-2 vertebral segment while preserving motion between the occiput and C1. This technique provides more resistance to translational and rotational forces than wiring technique. However, the technique of transarticular screw fixation is inherently demanding because of the complex anatomy of the occipitocervical region and vertebral artery(VA) at risk for arterial damage. VA injury may lead to serious subsequent neurological deficits and possibly death from bilateral VA injury. We report a case of a vertebral artery-to-epidural venous plexus fistula after posterior transarticular screw fixation which was treated with balloon occlusion.

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Analysis of Voltage Drop and Thermal Characteristics for Poor Connections at Electrical Connector of Circuit Breaker of Small Size Pulverizer below 5.5kW (5.5kW이하의 소형분쇄기 차단기 접속부의 접촉불량에 의한 전압강하 및 열적 특성 분석)

  • Kim, Sang Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.26-31
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    • 2015
  • This paper describes the characteristics of voltage drop and thermal for poor connection on electrical connector of circuit breaker in control box of small size pulverizer. In order monitor, we did the changes of RMS in voltage and temperature value with video and made normal state over $2.5N{\cdot}m$ and poor connections state below $0.2N{\cdot}m$ by screw gage. In case of voltage signal, the voltage drop was increased when the current was increased due to poor connections. In case of temperature signal, the temperature difference indicates ten times at 5A and fourteen times at 15A in the normal state. According to increase thermal energy, the insulation of electrical wiring and connector of circuit breaker can be carbonized. The results of this study will be useful to the development of preventive devices and system for electric fire by poor connection at small size pulverizer.

Characteristics of a Corona between a Wiring Clamp(Dead End Clamp) and a Porcelain Insulator Used in a 154[kV] Power Receptacle

  • Han, Un-Ki;Kim, Jong-Min;Bang, Sun-Bae;Kim, Han-Sang;Choi, Hyeong-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 2007
  • The occurrence of a corona is that electrical discharge due to the heterogeneity that occurs when an electrical field is concentrated in an electrode due to a cusp formed on said electrode. Wire treatment at the end of a 154[kV] dead end clamp for end users accelerates the occurrence of corona, which in turn leads to power loss and noise. In this study, the characteristics of the corona which occurs between porcelain insulators and support clamps of overhead lines used in 154[kV] power receiving facilities for end users were investigated. The corona, which cannot be identified by one common method, was measured utilizing a UV image camera. A risk assessment for fire damage and its status was suggested. The stress distribution of the electrical field by length of bare wire was suggested by means of the finite element method(FEMLAB). As a result, it was found to affect a porcelain insulators. These results can be utilized for the enhancement of clamp installation and safety in power facilities.

The Thermal Characteristics of Partially Disconnected Wire Happened in Plug (플러그 내부에서 발생된 소선 단선에 의한 발열특성)

  • Jee, Seung-Wook;Kim, Shi-Kuk;Lee, Chun-Ha
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.104-110
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    • 2011
  • There are over 30[%] of electric fires in Korea happened at wire or wiring devices. For its prevention many safety devices are set up electric equipments. These safety devices are not working in a rated current's condition of electric equipment. But when wire is partially disconnected, electric fire is able to be happened even though current is smaller than a rated current value. This paper studied thermal characteristics and fire ability when wire in plug is partially disconnected. The experiment is progressed a method that inner wire of plug is partially disconnected and after that current that is less than a rated current is flowed. As the result, heating occurred in near of partially disconnected wire makes that outer sheath is melted, plug cover is carbonized, and even sometimes wire is fused. And results of analysis of thermal image of partially disconnected wire happened in plug, it shows a difference to heating distribution and temperature appeared surface of plug depend on a progress of a partially disconnected wire.

Electrical Characteristics Analysis of LED Lamps using Internal Converter for Road and Street Lighting (컨버터 내장형 LED 가로등 및 보안등의 전기적 특성 분석)

  • Kim, Hyang-Kon;Gil, Hyoung-Jun;Choi, Hyo-Sang
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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    • v.59 no.2
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    • pp.238-244
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we studied electrical characteristics of internal converter type of LED lamps for road and street lighting. We surveyed electro-technical regulations and KS(Korean industrial standards) about LED luminairs. Waveforms of voltage and current, thermal distributions, insulation resistances between live parts and exposed conductive parts, and flame test of cover of LED lamps were experimented and analyzed. In regulations, insulation resistance between live conductors and exposed conductive parts should be greater than $0.2M{\Omega}$ in case nominal voltage of wiring is 220V. In KS codes, the value of insulation resistance should be greater than $2M{\Omega}$ while applying DC 500V or DC 100V. In the result of this study, waveforms of primary voltage and current were distorted. There was difference in waveforms of secondary voltage and current according to composition of converter. Mostly, insulation resistances were measured high more than regulation and code value but some measured points were measured badly($0.0M{\Omega}$). Cover of LED lamps was ignited easily. We expect that the results of this study would be helpful for revision of regulations and national codes for the electrical safety of LED road and street lighting.

Data Structure of a Program Generation and Managing Track Data for Smart Train Route Control (Smart열차진로제어를 위한 선로데이터 생성관리프로그램의 데이터 구조)

  • Yoon, Yong-Ki;Hwang, Jong-Gyu;Jo, Hyun-Jeong;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2007.04c
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    • pp.234-236
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    • 2007
  • Even though the existing train route controlling method, using track circuits, ensures the sufficient number of operation, it still has problems such as discordance between train numbers which was planned for operating and train numbers being operated on the track, and allowing only one train entering for one route. To solve those problems, we study and develop the Smart train route controlling system which uses the real-time informations of train positions. This system enables improve the coefficient of utilization in a certain train route controlling section, and the safety level of train route controlling, but we should ensure satisfying reliability of data about tracks operated by trains. In addition, there is a need to protect accidents caused by erroneous information of train position, by reflecting changes of tracks, for example maintenance, improvement, expansion of tracks. In this paper, we describes data structure of a developed program which required to change CAD files to wiring diagrams and to generate them to data of tracks. And we show the result that the simulator, using the data structure, controls speed and route of trains without problems.

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