• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.5556-5573
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• 2017

As a main component of Internet of Things (IoTs), the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely applied to various areas, including environment monitoring, health monitoring of human body, farming, commercial manufacture, reconnaissance mission in military, and calamity alert etc. Meanwhile, the privacy concerns also arise when the users are required to get the real-time data from the sensor nodes directly. To solve this problem, several user authentication and key agreement schemes with a smart card and a password have been proposed in the past years. However, these schemes are vulnerable to some attacks such as offline password guessing attack, user impersonation attack by using attacker's own smart card, sensor node impersonation attack and gateway node bypassing attack. In this paper, we propose an improved scheme which can resist a wide variety of attacks in WSNs. Cryptanalysis and performance analysis show that our scheme can solve the weaknesses of previously proposed schemes and enhance security requirements while maintaining low computational cost.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1077-1093
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• 2013

This paper proposes a new network coordinator node design to select the most suitable wireless technology for WBANs by using fuzzy logic. Its goal is to select a wireless communication technology available considering the user/application requirements and network conditions. A WBAN is composed of a set of sensors placed in, on, or around human body, which monitors the human body functions and the surrounding environment. In an effort to send sensor readings from human body to medical center or a station, a WBAN needs to stay connected to a local or a wide area network by using various wireless communication technologies. Nowadays, several wireless networking technologies may be utilized in WLANs and/or WANs each of which is capable of sending WBAN sensor readings to the desired destination. Therefore, choosing the best serving wireless communications technology has critical importance to provide quality of service support and cost efficient connections for WBAN users. In this work, we have developed, modeled, and simulated some networking scenarios utilizing our fuzzy logic-based NCN by using OPNET and MATLAB. Besides, we have compared our proposed fuzzy logic based algorithm with widely used RSSI-based AP selection algorithm. The results obtained from the simulations show that the proposed approach provides appropriate outcomes for both the WBAN users and the overall network.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.402-403
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• 2014

미소자기감지 시스템은 자기신호를 전기신호로 변환하여 신호처리부로 송신하는 과정에서 AC성 노이즈가 유입되고, 필터링 과정에서 과도한 신호의 시간 및 위상 지연 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 상기의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 무선통신 기술을 적용한 미소자기 감지 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 미소자기시스템은 자기 센서 검출부, 신호처리부, 무선센서네트워크부, 시스템 제어부 및 모니터링부로 구성하였으며, 무선센서네트워크 기반의 센서의 무선화 적용을 통해 신호 노이즈 및 신호 지연을 최소화 하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2015

There have been increases in the elderly population worldwide, and this has been accompanied by rapid growth in the health-care market, as there is an ongoing need to monitor the health of individuals. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) consist of wireless sensors attached on or inside the human body to monitor vital health-related problems, e.g., electrocardiograms (ECGs), electroencephalograms (EEGs), and electronystagmograms (ENGs). With WBANs, patients' vital signs are recorded by each sensor and sent to a coordinator. However, because of obstructions by the human body, sensors cannot always send the data to the coordinator, requiring them to transmit at higher power. Therefore, we need to consider the lifetime of the sensors given their required transmit power. In the IEEE 802.15.6 standard, the transmission topology functions as a one-hop star plus one topology. In order to obtain a high throughput, we reduce the transmit power of the sensors and maintain equity for all sensors. We propose the multiple-hop transmission for WBANs based on the IEEE 802.15.6 carrier-sense multiple-access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. We calculate the throughput and variance of the transmit power by performing simulations, and we discuss the results obtained using the proposed theorems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1854-1868
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• 2018

A wireless body-sensor network (WBSN) refers to a network-configured environment in which sensors are placed on both the inside and outside of the human body. The sensors are much smaller and the energy is more constrained when compared to traditional wireless sensor network (WSN) environments. The critical nature of the energy-constraint issue in WBSN environments has led to numerous studies on the reduction of energy consumption of WBSN sensors. The transmission-power-control (TPC) technique adjusts the transmission-power level (TPL) of sensors in the WBSN and reduces the energy consumption that occurs during communications. To elaborate, when transmission sensors and reception sensors are placed in various parts of the human body, the transmission sensors regularly send sensor data to the reception sensors. As the reception sensors receive data from the transmission sensors, real-time measurements of the received signal-strength indication (RSSI), which is the value that indicates the channel status, are taken to determine the TPL that suits the current-channel status. This TPL information is then sent back to the transmission sensors. The transmission sensors adjust their current TPL based on the TPL that they receive from the reception sensors. The initial TPC algorithm made linear or binary adjustments using only the information of the current-channel status. However, because various data in the WBSN environment can be utilized to create a more efficient TPC algorithm, many different types of TPC algorithms that combine human movements or fuse TPC with other algorithms have emerged. This paper defines and discusses the design and development process of an efficient TPC algorithm for WBSNs. We will describe the WBSN characteristics, model, and closed-loop mechanism, followed by an examination of recent TPC studies.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.879-884
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 웨어러블 컴퓨터 시스템을 위한 WUSB over WBAN 프로토콜에서 요구되는 에너지 효율적인 시간동기 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이를 위해 전력 소모를 최소화 하면서 정밀한 시간 동기가 이루어지는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시간 동기 알고리즘은 웨어러블 컴퓨터의 주변 장치를 구성하는 WUSB over WBAN 프로토콜 기반 센서 노드에서, 계층적인 구조를 구성하고 Time Stamp 패킷을 송수신하는 방식으로 빠르게 실행되어 전력소모를 최소화한다.

• 반도체공학회 논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 생체이식형 초저전력 MICS RF 트랜시버 설게에 대해 다룬다. 400 MHz MICS 표준은 WBAN 무선 센서 시스템 구현을 위해, 인체 내 전파적 특성 및 주변 네트워크와의 간접 최소화하며 고려되었다. 본 논문은 MICS 표준에 부합하는 시스템 및 송수신기 설계를 위한 link budget 및 다양한 송수신 아키텍쳐, 초저전력 송수신기 회로기법을 포함한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.452-464
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• 2019

The use of wireless body area networks (WBANs) in healthcare applications has made it convenient to monitor both health personnel and patient status continuously in real time through wearable wireless sensor nodes. However, the heterogeneous and complex network structure of WBANs has some disadvantages in terms of control and management. The software-defined network (SDN) approach is a promising technology that defines a new design and management approach for network communications. In order to create more flexible and dynamic network structures in WBANs, this study uses the SDN approach. For this, a WBAN architecture based on the SDN approach with a new energy-aware routing algorithm for healthcare architecture is proposed. To develop a more flexible architecture, a controller that manages all HUBs is designed. The proposed architecture is modeled using the Riverbed Modeler software for performance analysis. The simulation results show that the SDN-based structure meets the service quality requirements and shows superior performance in terms of energy consumption, throughput, successful transmission rate, and delay parameters according to the traditional routing approach.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.322-332
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• 2017

WBAN(Wireless Body Area Networks)은 센서를 통해 사용자의 생체 정보를 수집하고 사용자가 요구하는 서비스를 제공해주는 환경을 말한다. 센서의 중요성이 점차 높아짐에 따라 WBAN 또한 주목받고 있다. WBAN은 대표적으로 의료 분야에서 사용되고 환자의 생명과 직결될 수 있다는 문제를 가지고 있기 때문에 안전성은 매우 중요하다. 또한 WBAN에서 사용되는 기기는 연산량에 제한이 있기 때문에 효율성도 매우 중요하게 고려되어야 한다. 이에 따라 WBAN 환경에서의 ID 기반 익명 인증에 관한 연구가 최근 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 Wu et al.이 제안한 WBAN 환경에서의 ID 기반 익명 인증 기법이 위장 공격에 취약하다는 것을 보인다. 그리고 Wu et al. 기법 등 이전에 제안되었던 기법들에 대해서 밝혀진 공격에 안전한 새로운 ID 기반 익명 인증 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 기법은 이전에 제안된 기법들과 비교해서 30.6%, 7.3%만큼 연산량이 개선되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 추계종합학술대회 B
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• pp.365-368
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• 2008

This paper presents a new concept of IP-based wireless sensor networks and also introduces a routing protocol that is based on clustering for global healthcare information system. Low-power wireless personal area networks (LoWPANs) conform the standard by IEEE 802.15.4-2003 to IPv6 that makes 6lowpan. It characterized by low bit rate, low power, and low cost as well as protocol for wireless connections. The 6lowpan node with biomedical sensor devices fixed on the patient body area network that should be connected to the gateway in personal area network. Each 6lowpan nodes have IP-addresses that would be directly connected to the internet. With the help of IP-address service provider can recognize or analysis patient biomedical data from anywhere on globe by internet service provider equipments such as cell phone, PDA, note book. The system has been evaluated by technical verification, clinical test, user survey and current status of patient. We used NS-2.33 simulator for our prototype and also simulate the routing protocols. The result shows the performance of biomedical data packets in multi-hope routing as well as represents the topology of the networks.