• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.113-117
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• 1994

The effect if heat treatment (autoclave) in amino acid digestibility of winged bean determined using intact cockerels had been investigated. The winged beans were autoclaved at $120^{\circ}C$ for 45 or 90 min, respectively, and the soybean were autoclaved for 45 min. The treated winged bean and soybean were fed to 3 intact cockerels, which had been previously starved for 24 h. Excreta were collected individually for 49 h. The amino acids contained in the diets and excreta were determined to measure the digestibility values. Apparent and true digestibilities of all amino acids except histidine of unheated winged bean were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of heated winged bean and soybean. Heat treatment significantly (p < 0.05) improved amino acid digestibility of winged bean, However, over heating (90 min if autoclaving) destroyed lysine, cystine and arginine of winged bean. The true digestibility values of all amino acids of winged bean heated for 90min were the same as those values of treated soybean. However, true digestibilities of glycine, alannine, phenylalanine and lysine of treated soybean were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of winged bean heated for 45 min.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.192-196
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• 1999

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding egg yolk prepared from quail fed winged bean oil on plasma and liver cholesterol and fatty acids composition in rats. Eggs were collected from laying quails that had been fed diets containing 5% of either animal tallow, soybean oil, corn oil or winged bean oil. Yolk powders (referred to as winged bean yolk, soybean yolk, etc.) were prepared and fed at the 15% level to weanling female Wistar rats for 28 days. Rats fed winged bean yolk had significantly lower body weight gain than did rats fed soybean yolk or animal tallow yolk. There are no significant effects on plasma total cholesterol, liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentration due to feeding yolk powder containing different oil. However, LDL-cholesterol increased and HDL-cholesterol decreased in rats fed winged bean yolk. Liver lipid of rats fed with winged bean yolk had a higher linoleic but a lower linolenic content than did those fed animal tallow yolk. However, rats fed with winged bean yolk had a lower linoleic content than did rats fed soybean yolk or corn yolk. In conclusion, winged bean yolk seemed to have had an adverse effect on rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1993

The effect heat treatment (autoclave) on nutritional value of winged bean as compared to soybean has been investigated. The winged bean and soybean were obtained from local cultivar grown in Indonesia. The beans were autoclaved at $120^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 45, 60 or 90 minutes, respectively before being ground for chemical analysis. Trypsin inhibitors of winged bean and soybean decreased (p < 0.05) along with decreasing of urease activity as heating time increased from 0 to 90 minutes. Heat treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced protein solubility in 0.2% potassium hydroxide of winged bean as well as soybean. In vitro protein digestibility was significantly (p < 0.05) improved by heating treatment (15 to 60 min of autoclaving), however, excessive heating (90 min of autoclaving) decreased the digestibility of winged beans. Excessive heating had adverse effect on lysine, cystine and methionine contents of winged beans. The results of this study suggested that autoclaving at $120^{\circ}C$ within 45 minutes should be adequate to remove protease inhibitors and could improve protein digestibility of winged beans.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.376-380
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• 1999

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of feeding winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) oil on egg cholesterol and fatty acid of Japanese quail. Four groups of 10-week-old Japanese quails (n=10 per group) were fed a basal diet (20% CP, 2890 kcal/kg) supplemented with 5% of either animal tallow, soybean oil, corn oil or winged bean oil over an 8-week period. At the end of the experiment, 7 birds in each treatment were killed by decapitation. Blood samples and livers were collected for cholesterol analyses. There were no significant differences in final body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg and yolk weight due to the different oil treatments. Egg and plasma cholesterol levels obtained with the winged bean oil diet were higher than those obtained with the animal tallow or soybean oil diets, but were not significantly different from those obtained with com oil diet. Egg lipid, liver lipid and liver cholesterol content was lower with the winged bean oil diet than with the animal tallow diet. It may be concluded that the winged bean oil diet did not impair laying performance, but increased egg and plasma cholesterol levels compared with soybean oil or animal tallow diets. Winged bean oil diet produced eggs with a higher oleic content and lower linoleic content compared with the soybean or com oil diet.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1990년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.98-99
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• 1990

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1988

열대지방에서 재배되는 18종의 콩종자의 구조적인 특성을 분류하기 위하여 그 미세구조를 주로 광학현미경으로 조사하였다. vicieae에 속하는 종실들은 많은 단일전분입자들로 구성된 자엽세포구조를 갖는 starch-rich legume이였으며, phaseoleae중에서는 benas(phaseolus), cow pea, green gram(vigna), hyacinth bean(dolicholus)이 starch-rich legume이였다. 한편 soybean(glycine), winged bean(psophocarpus)는 자엽세포가 대부분 protein body로 구성된 protein-rich legume이고 yam bean (pachyrrhizus)와 cluster bean(cyamopsis)에서는 protein body 보이는 구형물질로 이루어진 자엽세포 구조를 볼 수 있었다. 또한 green gram과 winged bean은 soybean에 비하여 두꺼운 세포벽을 갖고 있었으며 pit-pair가 관찰되었다. Lipid body는 winged bean과 soybean에서 볼 수 있었다. starch-rich legume들은 팥고물 제조과정에서 전분입자들이 파괴되지 않음으로써 특징적인 조직감을 부여하는 red bean이나 benas와 같은 phaseolus의 대체 자원으로 제시될 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.525-531
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• 1990

고단백 열대두료작물인 Winged bean의 질소와 가리의 시비법 확립을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 질소기비(0, 4kg/10a), 가리기비(0, 6, 18kg/10a), 질소추비(0, 4kg/10a) 수준을 달리한 pot 시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초장, 분지수, 엽수, 엽면적은 질소의 시비ㆍ추비시, 가리시용량이 증가할수록 현저히 증가하였다. NAR, RGR, CGR은 질소의 기비ㆍ추비 시용시 유의성 있게 증가하였으며 특히 CGR은 가리수준이 증가함에 따라서 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 2. 근류의 수와 근류 건물중은 질소기비 및 추비 시용시에 감소하였으며 질소시비에 관계없이 가리수준이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 3. 록협, 괴근 및 종실수량은 질소기비ㆍ추비 시용시, 그리고 가리 시용량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 종실수량의 경우, 질소기비ㆍ추비시용 및 가리 3부 비시용시 무처리에 비해 140% 증가하였으며 질소기비$\times$질소추비간의 상호작용에도 유의성이 나타났다. 4. 수량은 주요 생육특성(총건물중, 엽면적, CGR, 초장, 분지수, 엽수) 및 수량구성 요소(협, 협실율, 협장, 협폭, 100립중)와 정의 상관관계, 그리고 근류수, 근류건물중, 엽중 P$_2$O$_{5}$함량과는 고도의 부의 상관관계가 나타났다.다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biosafety of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw salad vegetables at wet markets and supermarkets in Malaysia. A combination of the most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method was applied to detect the presence of V. parahaemolyticus and to enumerate their density in the food samples. The study analyzed 276 samples of common vegetables eaten raw in Malaysia (Wild cosmos=8; Japanese parsley=21; Cabbage=30; Lettuce=16; Indian pennywort=17; Carrot=31; Sweet potato=29; Tomato=38; Cucumber=28; Four-winged bean=26; Long bean=32). The samples were purchased from two supermarkets (A and B) and two wet markets (C and D). The occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus detected was 20.65%, with a higher frequency of V. parahaemolyticus in vegetables obtained from wet markets (Wet market C=27.27%; Wet Market D=32.05%) compared with supermarkets (Supermarket A=1.64%; Supermarket B=16.67%). V. parahaemolyticus was most prevalent in Indian pennywort (41.18%). The density of V. parahaemolyticus in all the samples ranged from <3 up to >2,400 MPN/g, mostly <3 MPN/g concentration. Raw vegetables from wet markets contained higher levels of V. parahaemolyticus compared with supermarkets. Although V. parahaemolyticus was present in raw vegetables, its numbers were low. The results suggest that raw vegetables act as a transmission route for V. parahaemolyticus. This study will be the first biosafety assessment of V. parahaemolyticus in raw vegetables in Malaysia.