• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.328-333
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• 2009

Contrast media are substances that are used to enhance the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. Those are commonly used to enhance the visibility of blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study is to evaluate patients who got injected iopamidol, developed as one of contrast medium regarding changes in cardiovascular system and especially, adverse drug reactions. This study were performed on randomly selected a total of 51 patients (range of 15~85 years old) who got injected contrast medium, Iopamidol at a P hospital in Gyeonggi province from September 22nd, 2008 to January 24th, 2009. Data were collected by questionnaire though person to person. We analyzed the data by SPSS (Version 12. for windows). Methods of analysis were frequency and cross analysis. In results, 19.6% (n=10) were founded for adverse drug reactions of contrast medium. 25.0% (n=4) of 10 patients who had adverse drug reactions of contrast medium had took abdomen contrast test. 2 patients of those took contrast test for chest. Also, 3.9% (n=2) patients felt vomiting and nausea after injection of contrast medium. In conclusion, 19.6% patients experienced adverse drug reaction of contrast medium. Therefore, when taking radiation test, we should make efforts to minimize adverse drug reactions to achieve suitable and effective treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.302-312
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the equipment ratio of sanitary facility/equipment as well as the sanitary management performance level at foodservice of correctional institutions in Korea. For this purpose, a total of 47 questionnaires were distributed to dietitians working at correctional institutions during the period from March 20th to May 18th of 2008. A total of 38 questionnaires (response rate 81%) was analyzed using SPSS (windows ver. 14.0). The majority of the respondents were females (65.8%), 35 years or older (55.3%), with 7 years or longer experiences (65.8%), and with education level of university or higher (60.5%). Among the institutions, 39.5% had less than 500, 28.9% had 501 or more but less than 1,200, and 31.6% had 1,201 or more inmates. The equipment ratio of the sanitary facilities/equipment was 49.7%, which was relatively low. Most dietitians perceived 'limited availability of facilities and equipment' and 'the lack of support from financing department' as the major barriers in implementing a desirable sanitary system. On the other hand, perceived sanitary management performance was rated by the respondents as being between 2.55 to 4.50 (5-point Likert scale)-'Cleaning hands properly as specified' showed the lowest performance, whereas 'Sampling preserved meals by standard methodology' showed the highest. The results of this study suggest that a sanitary education program designed for inmate food handlers is needed for successful sanitary management.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 2013

This study examined awareness and information acquisition behavior regarding food hygiene and safety of university students to improve safe dietary practices and to get basic information to develop educational materials for food safety. It was conducted among 276 university students of Qingdao University and Liaocheng University in Shandong province, China through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V.19.0. To describe characteristics of the respondents, frequency distributions were used. In addition, t test, one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests were conducted. The results were as follows: The respondents were generally interested in food hygiene and safety. However, the level of awareness regarding the food hygiene and safety system in China was not high. Almost forty-five percent of the respondents did not think that foods produced and distributed in China were safe. For the reasons for their distrust, most of the students replied that they did not trust the safety 'because of distrust for hygiene of the food process', followed by 'because of distrust for food distribution' and 'because of excess or illegal use of food additives on food process'. The respondents answered for the concern level toward food hygiene and safety foodborne disease threatened food safety the most, followed by heavy metal contamination and endocrine disruptors. The respondents acquired most information from electronic media including TV and radio. Most of the students wanted to participate in food hygiene and safety education. Finally, when they found hazardous or foreign materials in food the most frequent reaction was 'paying attention in the next purchase', followed by 'notifying others', and 'letting it go this time but never buying that product in the future'.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2000

Glenohumeral internal and external rotation with shoulder abducted in the frontal plane often causes impingement of the supraspinatus tendon. whereas similar activity in scapular plane does not cause impingement. The Purpose of this study was to determine if assessment among the three positions as 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees abduction in the sitting position of the scapular plane could be affected the comparison between intemal and external peak torque, total work, average power. In this study, Isokinetic shoulder rotational strength was evaluated in twenty healthy male university students, using the Cybex NORMTM System (CYBEX Division of LUMEX, Inc., Ronkonkoma, New York). Test data was gathered in the plane of the scapular, 30 degrees of horizontal flexion anterior to coronal plane, and the subjects performed the test with the arm 30, 60, and 90degrees abducted in the sitting position. also, test speed was set at deg/sec. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 7.5 for Windows software and mean and standard deviations were calculated. ANOVA was used to analyze the difference of the values in the three test positions. A paired t-test was used of examining the difference in the means peak torque between external and internal rotation. Not any significant difference was found among three abduction positions in scapular plane, even though there was a consistent pattern of greater strength in the abducted position of 60 degrees. Internal relation strength peak torque and total work were greater than those of external rotation in every test positions.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze food allergy labelling for the arrangement of improvement plans. Survey was done as a quantitative research targeting food industry employees with 399 random workers in Seoul and Gyonggi area. The data was analyzed using SPSS windows (ver. 12.0) for frequency analysis, t-test and factor analysis. The importance and performance of the food allergen labelling were divided by 15 items. Only 43.1% of the workers understood the operation allergic food labels. The first improvement on allergic food labels was "using boldface for food allergen labes". The importance of all of these factors was significantly higher than performance. The selection attributes with relatively low the performance but high importance(2 quadrant) were "consumer education for allergic food labels" and "training of professional counselors on food allergy". Therefore, the factors to be improved through the IPA were consumer education and training of professional counselors. With this research and extended efforts for revision of laws, reliability of food industry and accuracy of food labelling would improve, thereby boosting the productive commercial activities in labelling code.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.105-109
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to distinguish the causes of broken glass on doors or windows when it is originally kept among the remains on the floor in fire site - whether it was broken due to heating or outer power-through test and characteristics of the broken plane including the pattern on the plane. Addition to it, the study tries to find characteristics to judge the point and direction of breakdown through the analysis of glass broken by outer power. With two assumed causes - a) breakdown due to heating and b) breakdown due to outer power-3 pieces of glass plates ($30cm{\times}30cm{\times}5mm$) were tested for each case, getting the results as following: First, for the glass broken due to the change of temperature, the broken plane is of slow and smooth curve without any pattern. Second, for the glass broken due to outer power, with the impact point as the center, the glass shows breakdown of radial type and the side shows breakdown of near-perpendicular type. The far the broken piece is from the impact point, the bigger the size is. The broken piece at the impact point is of long triangle type and the two long planes of the triangle shows semi-arc with the center of breakdown point and the other plane shows opposite pattern. Third, when glass that is damaged by outer power is heated, damaged forms and side patterns of the glass that is damaged by outer power are heated and disappeared.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2010

When reader collect tags, we found that they tend to get together to specific interface in Multi-Interface Multi-Channel 2.4GHz Active RFID system. To solve this problem, we designed the LP-Combind and AP-Balanced protocol for load distribution between interfaces, then verified its superiority of the performance through the simulation. There are three problems to implement designed protocols in hardware of firmware-level. first, tag selects randomly the channel of reader and reader need the method which can change the channel of tags. second, reader has the synchronization problem between reader and tag. third, reader has problem that MCU of reader have to operate simultaneously dual interface. To slove this problems, we designed the message and implemented method for tag channel change and the protocol in order to adjust synchronization between reader and tag, Therefore, we compared and analyzed the performance of protocols by experiment. If LP windows size is same, the performance of LP-Combined protocol and AP-Balanced protocol which lower collision probability by its load distribution is more outstanding than single interface protocol performance.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.209-230
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• 2016

The Canton Tower is a high-rise slender structure with a height of 610 m. A structural health monitoring system has been instrumented on the structure, by which data is continuously monitored. This paper presents an investigation on the identified modal properties of the Canton Tower using ambient vibration data collected during a whole day (24 hours). A recently developed Fast Bayesian FFT method is utilized for operational modal analysis on the basis of the measured acceleration data. The approach views modal identification as an inference problem where probability is used as a measure for the relative plausibility of outcomes given a model of the structure and measured data. Focusing on the first several modes, the modal properties of this supertall slender structure are identified on non-overlapping time windows during the whole day under normal wind speed. With the identified modal parameters and the associated posterior uncertainty, the distribution of the modal parameters in the future is predicted and assessed. By defining the modal root-mean-square value in terms of the power spectral density of modal force identified, the identified natural frequencies and damping ratios versus the vibration amplitude are investigated with the associated posterior uncertainty considered. Meanwhile, the correlations between modal parameters and temperature, modal parameters and wind speed are studied. For comparison purpose, the frequency domain decomposition (FDD) method is also utilized to identify the modal parameters. The identified results obtained by the Bayesian method, the FDD method and a finite element model are compared and discussed.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.469-474
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to propose basic design guidelines for more effective air ventilation system in apartments. It is well known that ventilation depends on whether the room doors are open or closed as well as people's living patterns. This study considers 84 ㎡-sized apartment which has extended living room without balcony. Ventilation of bathroom and kitchen is not considered. The height of the building, external air pressure and air infiltration through the windows are also neglected. The regulation on indoor air quality made it mandatory that the air change per hour be more than 0.7. Four models are suggested to study the effect of open and closed doors. Models 1 and 3 are open door types and models 2 and 4 are closed door types. The open types have 50 mm hole near the top of the door to substitute exhaust outlet. The ventilation effectiveness was evaluated by 3-dimensional numerical simulation using finite volume method by a commercial software. This work compares air flow, temperature of air, age of air and the efficiency of ventilation of apartments with wooden doors of bedroom 1 and 2, which are open or closed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

Omnidirectional camera system with a wide view angle is widely used in surveillance and robotics areas. In general, most of previous studies on estimating a projection model and the extrinsic parameters from the omnidirectional images assume corresponding points previously established among views. This paper presents a novel omnidirectional camera calibration based on automatic contour matching. In the first place, we estimate the initial parameters including translation and rotations by using the epipolar constraint from the matched feature points. After choosing the interested points adjacent to more than two contours, we establish a precise correspondence among the connected contours by using the initial parameters and the active matching windows. The extrinsic parameters of the omnidirectional camera are estimated minimizing the angular errors of the epipolar plane of endpoints and the inverse projected 3D vectors. Experimental results on synthetic and real images demonstrate that the proposed algorithm obtains more precise camera parameters than the previous method.