• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.534-541
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of an observation window (OW) at peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter sites on early detection of IV infiltration among hospitalized children. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with history control group design. Participants were children who had IV infiltration after peripheral catheterization when hospitalized from January to May, 2014 and January to May, 2015 at a children's hospital located in Yangsan city, Korea. The 193 patients, who were hospitalized from January to May, 2014 formed the control group and did not have OW, and the 167 patients, who were hospitalized from January to May, 2015 formed the window group and had OW. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, independent samples t-test and multiple logistic regression. Results: First stage IV infiltration was 39.5% for the window group and 25.9% for the control group, which was significantly different (p=.007). The likelihood of $2^{nd}$ stage and above IV infiltration decreased by 44% in the window group, which was significantly different (p=.014). Conclusion: OW at the peripheral IV catheter site was found to be an effective measure in early recognition of IV infiltration. Considering the effect of OW, we recommend that nurses should make an OW with transparent dressing during stabilization of the IV catheter site in hospitalized children in clinical settings.

• 에너지공학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.66-75
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• 1992

이중창의 열전달 성능을 수치해석과 실험적 방법을 통하여 조사하였다. 이중창 사이의 간격이 0.5cm에서 10cm사이의 실제적인 범위에서 이중창 사이의 간격이 작을 때에는 전도에 의한 열전달이 두드러졌으며 이중창 사이의 간격이 넓어지고 Rayleigh 수가 높은 영역에서는 대류에 의한 열전달이 크게 나타나 이중창 간격이 넓어진 이점을 크게 상쇄시켰다. 이와 같은 이중창 단열문제에 대한 보완책으로 이중창 중앙에 하나의 유리창을 더 설치한 3중창 경우에 대해 대류열전달 감소효과와 복사열차폐(radiation shield) 효과를 검토하였으며 또한 이중창 중간 높이에 스페이서(spacer)를 설치하여 대류유동 강도를 줄이는 방안 등에 대한 분석이 이루어졌다. 3중창을 사용한 경우에는 이중창에 비해 30-50%, 이중창에 스페이서를 설치한 경우에는 l0% 정도의 에너지 절약 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권9_10호
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• pp.1423-1433
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of window information on consumers' willingness to visit a fashion store according to their clothing shopping orientation. The sutjects of the research are conveniently selected females over the age of 20 living in Busan. A total of 202 questionnaire are collected far data analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The factor analysis to identify the clothing shopping orientation showed four factors, such as hedonic, planned, independent/loyalty, and impulsive/convenience. A cluster analysis conducted by the four factors resulted in four patterns - utilitarian shopping orientation group, impulsive/convenience shopping orientation group, hedonic shopping orientation group, independent/loyalty shopping orientation group. 2. The window information conducted by factor analysis were divided into the four levels-product information, promotion information, fashion information, and store image. 3. A one-way ANOVA analysis carried out to find the window information effects among the groups revealed that there were significant differences in the factors of promotion information, fashion information, and store image. 4. Multi-regression analysis was conducted in order to find the impact of window information on the consumers' willingness to visit a fashion store. As a result, fashion information had the most impact on utilitarian shopping group, while product information, promotion information and store image had a great impact on impulsive/convenience shopping orientation group, fashion information and store image had the most impact on hedonic shopping orientation group.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2012

Daylighting is the controlled admission of natural light into a space, reducing electric lighting and saving energy. By providing a direct link to the dynamic and perpetually evolving patterns of outdoor illumination, daylighting helps create a visually stimulating and comfort environment for building occupants, while reducing energy costs. Especially, however, glare is the most important factor in daylighting, which is issued by incoming direct sunlight into windows. This study analyzed the discomfort glare on a daylighting window by using Image processing methodology and found a solution to problems with glare source of occupants. There are several ways to evaluate discomfort glare such as UGR (Unified Glare Rating) of CIE, DGI (Daylight Glare Index, Hopkinson, 1972) and VCP (Visual Comfort Probability) of IES. These are used to apply to the relatively little artificial light source and they cannot cover discomfort glare from a real daylighting window. In this regarding, this paper aimed to calculate DGI index of the real daylighting window in a experimental space by using image processing methodology. The variables and outcomes are luminance distribution of non-shading window, effect of venetian blind installed on the window and locations related to position index of DGI.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

Due to the increasing concerns about the buildings which have affected the global environment, most countries have enacted a regulation for the sustainability of domestic buildings. In 2008, the Korean government started to enact a regulation of apartment and office buildings for energy saving. Many research on the sustainable apartment building focuses on $84m^2$ or larger type in response to market demand; therefore, small size type such as $46m^2$ type needs to be researched. In addition, the research on the orientation and window to wall ratio of the building have been separately studied as a means of energy reduction; therefore, the research on correlation of the orientation and window to wall ratio hasn't been fully explored yet. This paper analyzes the energy demand of the apartment building as the change of orientation and window to wall ratio among $46m^2$ and $84m^2$ type. In conclusion, when reducing the window to wall ratio, energy demand was reduced, except when the orientation of the building was between from +10 to -20 from the south.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2017

지반을 굴착하여 시추공을 형성할 때 공벽을 중심으로 응력의 재분배가 이루어지고 이 때 시추 안정액을 활용하여 공벽에 응력의 평형을 이룸으로써 공벽의 안정성을 유지한다. 시추공 내에 주입하는 시추 안정액이 시추공의 안정성을 유지하기 위한 압력의 상한과 하한의 범위를 Mud window라고 정의하고 다양한 이론에 의해 계산된다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석을 활용하여 시추공의 안정성을 분석하여 Mud window를 작성하고 이론값과 비교 분석하여 모델링에 대한 검증을 수행하였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

The damage in germanium (Ge) optical window irradiated by a near-infrared continuous wave (CW) laser was studied. Laser-induced heating and melting process were surveyed, and the specific laser power and the irradiance time to melt were estimated by numerical simulation. The experiments were also carried out to investigate the macro and micro structure change on Ge window. Results showed that the surface deformation was formed by melting and resolidification process, the damaged surface had a polycrystalline phase, and the transmittance as an optical performance factor in mid-infrared region was decreased. We confirmed that an abnormal polycrystalline phase and surface deformation effect such as hillock formation and roughness increase reduced the transmittance of Ge window and were the damage mechanism of CW laser induced damage on Ge window.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.820-827
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• 2011

Recently, noise has been regarded as one of the most notorious and frequent environmental pollutions which can be often encountered not only in the living space but also in the industrial site. Studies on physiological and psychological effects of long-term noise exposure to human being have commanded the public interest on noise issues. Since environmental noises such as traffic noise and construction noise is mainly flowed through the open window, it is necessary to develop the active noise control system to reduce it inside the building. Although control speakers and microphones for the noise signal measurement in the control region are essential for the conventional active noise control methods, it is impossible to implement them in the control region in the building environment because the control region is the living quarter and they may hinder activities of the residents. Therefore, we proposed the active window system to reduce the exterior noise flowed through the open window with microphones installed outside the window and control speakers installed at the frame of the window. To confirm the performance of the proposed active window, we carried out the simulation and experiment using active window system with 8 control speakers. Simulation results showed the noticeable noise reduction effect inside the control region within the frequency range without the spatial aliasing. Experimental result showed that the total acoustic potential energy inside the room of the scale model is reduced to about 10dB within the interest of frequency range.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권8A호
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• pp.1218-1226
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• 1999

BCJR 알고리즘을 바탕으로 한 슬라이딩 윈도우 BCJR 알고리즘은 Turbo code의 복호시 격자 종결이 필요 없으며 적은 메모리를 사용한다는 장점이 있지만, BCJR 알고리즘보다 더 많은 계산량을 필요로 하며 적합한 윈도우 길이에 대한 연구 결과가 없다는 단점이 있다. 이 논문에서는 슬라이딩 윈도우 BCJR 알고리즘의 장점을 유지하면서 계산량을 줄이고 그 성능을 개선시킬 수 있는 효율적인 슬라이딩 윈도우 BCJR 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저 적합한 윈도우 길이를 선택하기 위한 지침을 제시하고 윈도우의 이동폭과 길이를 적절히 선택하면 기존의 슬라이딩 윈도우 방식보다 계산량을 줄이면서 성능은 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 구속장 길이가 3인 부호화기에서 BER이 10-4일 때, 제안한 알고리즘을 사용하면 기존의 슬라이딩 윈도우 방식보다 더 적은 계산량으로 0.1dB 정도의 이득을 얻을 수 있다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회지:조명전기설비
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1995

This paper is an experimental study on the influence of the demonstration effect by color and light source in show window. This experiment used semantic differentical method in model show window of actual size. The important outcomes of this study are summarized below. 1. In the result by factor analysis, three factors are classified. They are diversity, emotion, lightness. 2. In the study on the influence by light source, incandescence lamp is the most effective light source in every items. 3. In the result of the study on the influence by color source, according to each factor bring out following result ; Green is the most effective in diversity factor and ligthness factor. Yellow is the most effective in emotion factor.