• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.537-543
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• 2020

The window cleaning works are manpower-dependent and are performed in an unstable posture at high altitude, so that there is a risk of falling. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the safety of workers. In this study, a conceptual design was proposed for the cleaning of exterior windows of a building, and the economic feasibility of the proposed conceptual model was analyzed. The proposed model is designed to avoid protrusions such as window frames, and to be able to respond even if the shapes of the upper and lower parts are different. As a result of analyzing the economic feasibility of the designed conceptual model, the benefit cost ratio was 4.48, which was significantly higher than 1. Therefore, the economic feasibility of the proposed window cleaning device is expected to be sufficient. The results analyzed in this paper will be used in the development and marketing of the window cleaning device.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to assess the statistics and associated criteria for field-scale model used to simulate nutrient concentrations in paddy field. CREAMS-PADDY, a modified version of the field-scale CREAMS model, simulates the hydrologic, sediment, and nutrient cycles in paddy fields was applied in this study. The model was calibrated and validated using data from study rice paddy fields in Republic of Korea. The calibration statistics include mean and the minimum-maximum range associated with a "temporal window" that spans a period of several days. Because nutrient concentrations in paddy filed are typically sampled infrequently (on a weekly basis, at best) and represent only an instant in time, it is not reasonable to expect any model to simulate a daily average concentration equal to an observed value on a particular day. The 5-day window and related calibration statistics were applied in this study and the applicability of this concept was tested for field-scale water quality model. As a result of calibration and validation, the ponded water nutrient concentration values showed only small changes except the fertilization period. Because of the small changes in ponded water concentration, the size of 5-day window was too small to capture the observed values. Further study is required to establish the 5-day window calibration method for field-scale water quality modeling.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2010

We propose an image segmentation method for auto-teaching system of PCB (Printed Circuit Board) assembly inspection machines. The inspection machine acquires images of all components in PCB, and then compares each image with its standard image to find the assembly errors such as misalignment, inverse polarity, and tombstone. The component window that is the area of component to be acquired by camera, is one of the teaching data for operating the inspection machines. To reduce the teaching time of the machine, we newly develop the image processing method to extract the component window automatically from the image of PCB. The proposed method segments the component window by excluding the soldering parts as well as board background. We binarize the input image by use of HSI color model because it is difficult to discriminate the RGB colors between components and backgrounds. The linear combination of the binarized images then enhances the component window from the background. By use of the horizontal and vertical projection of histogram, we finally obtain the component widow. The experimental results are presented to verify the usefulness of the proposed method.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2020

Recently, interest in BIM technology has been growing in the domestic construction market as the number of construction projects requiring the application of BIM technology has increased. The use of BIM allows the use of various visualization functions through 3D models as well as drawing interference review, quantity calculation and integrated management of information. In particular, estimates of construction costs based on BIM can increase work efficiency by reducing the burden of calculating construction costs and managing them. In order to increase the efficiency of BIM-based cost estimates, it is necessary to improve the correlation between the BoQ(Bill of Quantity) information and the BIM model. For this purpose, the ratio of the amount and item to the detailed construction of the current BoQ was analyzed, especially the problem of the calculation of construction cost in the window work in this study. In addition, we would like to suggest a method for systematically linking the BoQ information with the BIM model by improving the BoQ information structure of the window work. It is expected that this will increase the efficiency of the quantity calculation and analysis work of construction cost of window work. In addition, it is expected that this method will help to analyze and predict changes in construction cost of windows and doors by facility characteristics and type.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-91
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• 1993

In the conventional speech processing, the technique of FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) is usually applied to the finite number of samples within the window of specified length using the fixed sampling rate. In this case, the temporal resolution is dependent upon the length of window while the spectral resolution is dependent upon the number of samples within the window. Thus, once the temporal resolution is determined the spectral resolution is also determined or vice versa. To resolve this type of dilemma, a new type of bank-filter similar to the characteristics of cochlear model needs to be considered. Furthermore, wide dynamic range of cochlea certainly helps the stable extraction of speech features. In the paper, the human auditory system will be briefly introduced and previous works on auditory preprocessors based on cochlear model will be reviewed. As a conclusion, the design considerations of auditory preprocessors based on cochlear model will be addressed.

• IE interfaces
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2001

It is discussed how to determine time windows for pickups and deliveries, which have been assumed to be given in all most of previous studies on traveling salesman problems with time window, vehicle routing problems with time window, vehicle scheduling and dispatching problems, and so on. First, time windows are classified into four models (DR, DA, AR, and AA) by customers‘ polices. For each model, it is shown how a time window is related to various cost terms of suppliers and customers. Under the assumption of collaborative supplier-customer relationship, an integrated cost model for both supplier and customer is constructed for determining boundaries of time windows. The cost models in this paper consists of cost terms that depend on waiting time, early arrival time, late arrival time, and rejection of receipt. A numerical example is provided and results of the sensitivity analysis for some parameters are also provided to help intuitive understanding about the characteristics of the suggested models.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.23-40
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• 2014

This paper measures the operational efficiency of domestic online game companies and analyze its trends and patterns by using data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a non-parametric approach to measuring the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. 14 online game companies are selected as DMUs and three inputs (number of employees, capital and asset) and three outputs (sales, operating profit and net profit) are selected as DEA variables. First, the output-oriented BCC model and super-efficiency model are employed to measure the static operational efficiency of the online game companies from 2003 to 2012. We also conduct the dynamic analysis with DEA window model to capture the trends of their operational efficiency influenced by internal and external environmental changes. The results are expected to provide fruitful implications for strategic decision making of online game companies and policy making for the online game industry.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

This study aims to evaluate the sound insulation performance of Korean traditional paper(Hanji) windows as a material of environmental friendly building. Six types of traditional windows with 4 types of traditional window positions, were installed in l/2.5 scale model house. And then according to KS F 2235, comparative sound level differences between outdoor and indoor were measured. The main results are as follows; 1) TL(Transmission Loss) of Korean traditional paper windows, which cover one eighth of total balcony window, are ranged from 15 to 19 dB(A) in the living room and from 8 to 11 dB(A) in the balcony space. 2) TL of Korean traditional paper windows, which cover one fourth of total balcony window, are ranged from 10 to 19 dB(A) in the living room and from 8 to 10 dB(A) in the balcony space. 3) TL of Korean traditional windows with one side-one layer paper is ranged from 10 to 21 dB(A) and two side-one layer paper is 15 to 23 dB(A) and two side-two layer paper is 19 to 23 dB(A) respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.57-67
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• 1998

In order to extract the contour of interesting object in the image, Kass suggested the Active Contour Model called "Snakes" The speed of this model is slow and this model is sensitive of initialization. In order to improve these problems, Gunn extracted the accurate contour by using two initializations, and operated to less sensitive of initialization. This method could extract more accurate contour than the existing method, but it had no effect in the speed and it was sensitive of noise. This paper applied to the Energy Minimization Algorithm about only the pixel within the window applying the window of $8{\times}8$ size at each contour point consisting Snakes in order to solve these problems. In order to less sensitive of noise which exists within image, it suggests a method that moves the window to vertical direction for the gradient of each contour point.our point.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2013

This study has the purpose to adapt IT technology on Window Type Ventilation System for the energy saving and providing of user-centered comfortable environment. This is Derived a look at the case of the window type ventilation system and researched its IT technology for reducing energy applied to the Green Home. This indicates a solution for the established Window Type Ventilation System which can not be satisfied with user's requirement by proposing Window Type Ventilation System applied to IT technology that makes it control the intelligent, combined indoor environment system and providing information. Also, it shows energy saving efficiency of Window Type Ventilation System applied to IT technology based on the model study, analysing the performance of air-conditioning and ventilation energy saving through the experiment to compare with the established Window Type Ventilation System. The result of this study has the significance that it suggests an alternative for energy saving of housing space.