• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.517-517
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• 1989

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

3파 상호작용은 천수파 또는 유한 수심 풍파의 경우에만 중요한 것으로 알려져 왔다. 파랑 성분간의 에너지 전달에 의한 풍파의 성장 관점에서 볼 때 심해에서 3파 상호작용은 4파 상호작용에 비해 별로 중요하지 않다. 그러나, 심해에서도, 특히 풍파 성장의 초기 단계에서는, 3파 상호작용이 중요할 수 있는데, 이는 3파 상호작용이 쇄파에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 파형경사, 수면 위에서의 공기 흐름의 항력, 선박의 항해 등과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 일련의 실험실 실험 결과를 제시하고, 이에 대한 bispectrum 분석을 통하여 심해 풍파의 3파 상호작용을 고찰한다. 스펙트럼 첨두 주파수에서의 bicoherence와 파형경사가 거의 정비례하는 것으로 나타나는데, 이는 파봉이 뽀족하고 파곡이 밋밋한, 경사가 큰 파가 3파 상호작용의 결과임을 나타낸다. Bicoherence 및 파형경사 모두가 파랑 성장의 초기 단계에서는 파령에 따라 증가하다가 파랑이 발달함에 따라 다시 작아진다. 파랑 성장의 초기 단계에서 3파 상호작용에 의하여 발달된 스펙트럽 2차 첨두의 에너지가 그 이후에는 4파 상호작용에 의해 주변의 주파수들로 재분배되는 것으로 추측된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2017

전 세계적으로 지구온난화에 의한 이상기후현상으로 자연재해의 발생빈도와 규모가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 태풍, 지진, 홍수, 폭우, 가뭄, 폭염, 풍랑, 쓰나미 등과 같은 다양한 자연재해는 현재까지 인간생활에 피해를 주고 있다. 특히, 일본의 대지진, 미국의 허리케인 카트리나, 한국의 태풍 매미 등 세계적으로 자연재해에 의한 피해는 막대하다. 현 단계에서 자연 재해로 인한 피해규모를 정확히 예측하고, 그에 대처하는 것은어려운 실정이다. 그러나 재해대응 차원에서 피해 규모를 예측 할 수 있다면 신속하게 대응하여 피해를 저감할 수 있다고 판단된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 자연재해 중 해풍과 파랑에 의해 발생하는 풍랑에 관한 피해예측함수를 개발하였다. 서해 연안지역을 대상으로 국민안전처에서 발간하는 재해연 보('91~'14)의 풍랑 및 태풍피해 이력을 수집하였으며, 물가상승률을 반영하기 위해 2014년 기준으로 피해액을 환산하였다. 또한, 풍랑 및 태풍피해가 발생했을 때 기상청 및 국립해양조사원 홈페이지에서 파고, 풍속, 조위, 파향, 파주기 등의 자료를 수집하였다. 최종적으로, 연안의 지역특성을 반영하여 서해안의 9개 지역의 풍랑 피해예측함수를 개발하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.633-646
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• 2014

A semi-analytical numerical approach for the effective structural dynamic response analysis of spar floating substructure for offshore wind turbine subject to wave-induced excitation is introduced in this paper. The wave-induced rigid body motions at the center of mass are analytically solved using the dynamic equations of rigid ship motion. After that, the flexible structural dynamic responses of spar floating substructure for offshore wind turbine are numerically analyzed by letting the analytically derived rigid body motions be the external dynamic loading. Restricted to one-dimensional sinusoidal wave excitation at sea state 3, pitch and heave motions are considered. Through the numerical experiments, the time responses of heave and pitch motions are solved and the wave-induced dynamic displacement and effective stress of flexible floating substructure are investigated. The hydrodynamic interaction between wave and structure is modeled by means of added mass and wave damping, and its modeling accuracy is verified from the comparison of natural frequencies obtained by experiment with a 1/100 scale model.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.405-420
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• 2019

In this study, vibration characteristics of offshore wind turbine tower (WTT) with gravity-based foundation (GBF) are identified from dynamic responses under wave-induced excitations. The following approaches are implemented to achieve the objective. Firstly, the operational modal analysis methods such as frequency domain decomposition (FDD) and stochastic subspace identification (SSI) are selected to estimate modal parameters from output-only dynamic responses. Secondly, a GBF WTT model composed of superstructure, substructure and foundation is simulated as a case study by using a structural analysis program, MIDAS FEA. Thirdly, wave pressures acting on the WTT structure are established by nonlinear regular waves which are simulated from a computational fluid software, Flow 3D. Wave-induced acceleration responses of the target structure are analyzed by applying the simulated wave pressures to the GBF WTT model. Finally, modal parameters such as natural frequencies and mode shapes are estimated from the output-only acceleration responses and compared with the results from free vibration analysis. The effect of wave height and period on modal parameter extraction is also investigated for the mode identification of the GBF WTT.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.980-992
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• 2019

This paper describes a model test and numerical simulation of a 750-kW-semi-submersible platform wind turbine under several wind and wave conditions for validation of the numerical simulation model. The semi-submersible platform was designed to support the 750-kW-wind turbine class and operate at a water depth of 50 m. The model tests were performed to estimate the performance characteristics of the wind turbine system in the wide tank of the University of Ulsan. Motions and loads of the wind turbine system under the wind and wave conditions were measured and analyzed. The NREL-FAST code was used to simulate the wind turbine system, and the results were compared with those of the test model. The results demonstrate that the numerical simulation captures noticeably the fully coupled floating wind turbine dynamic responses. Also, the model shows a good stability and small responses during waves, wind, and operation of the 750-kW-floating offshore wind turbine.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2016

In this study, a six degree-of-freedom motion analysis of a wind-wave hybrid platform equipped with numerous wave energy converters (WECs) was carried out. To examine the effect of the WECs on the platform, an analysis of one-way coupling was carried out, which only considered the power take-off (PTO) damping of the static WECs on the platform. The equation of motion of a floating platform with mooring lines in the time domain was established, and the responses of the one-way coupled platform were then compared with the case of a platform without any coupling effects from the WECs. The hydrodynamic coefficients and wave exciting forces were obtained from the 3D diffraction/radiation pre-processor code WAMIT based on the boundary element method. Then, an analysis of the dynamic responses of the floating platform with or without the WEC effect in the time domain was carried out. All of the dynamics of a floating platform with multiple wind turbines were obtained by coupling FAST and CHARM3D in the time domain, which was further extended to include additional coupled dynamics for multiple turbines. The analysis showed that the PTO damping effect on platform motions was negligible, but coupled effects between multiple WECs and the platform may differentiate the heave, roll, and pitch platform motions from the one without any effects induced by WECs.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2018

In this study, when the stability of the structure against the ocean wave is considered for designing the offshore structures in the Pacific, Indian ocean and Atlantic regions where the cyclone is largely generated, the ocean wave caused by the cyclone as well as the storm surge which called wind induced wave shall be predicted accurately for the purpose of judgment. The predicted wind induced wave was evaluated by comparing the outcome results the model test of Nobuhiro Matsunaga (1996) and Conventional Experiment forms such as Jonswap spectral forms(Carter, 1982), Simplified Donelan / Jonswap forms(Wilson 1965), Donelan spectral forms(Donelan 1980), Revised SPM forms(Schafer Lake 2005, 2007, 2008), SPM forms(CERC 1977), the CEM forms(Kazeminezhad et al., 2005), SMB forms(Sverdrup Munk and Bretschneider 1947,1954, 1970), and Revised Wilson forms(Wilson 1965, Goda 2003). Most of these conventional experiment forms confirmed a good match when the fetch length is less than 10 km. However, normal cyclone fetch length is more than 100km, With this fetch length, the comparison result is 10.4% of deviation when used Jonswap spectral forms(Carter, 1982) but the deviation of the other forms is around 74% due to boundary limit of fetch and wind duration. Therefore, in this study, we proposed the revised forms after comparing these results with the model results. We confirmed that the deviation range is around 10% based on revisited experiment forms. Since the model test was carried out in the small water tank, the scale up factor was applied to the mode test results in order to obtain similar results to the actual environment from revisited forms.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2007

해수면의 상태를 보고 파고를 측정하는 목측은 선박이나 먼 바다에서의 파랑관측 방법으로 여전히 이용되고 있으며, 오랜 경험을 가진 숙련자의 경우에는 상당히 정확하게 파고를 관측할 수 있다. 이러한 목측의 표준지표로 뷰퍼트(Beaufort) 풍력계급표가 가장 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 이 지표에 설명된 해수면의 모양은 연구자 또는 일반인에게는 친숙하지 않기 때문에 파고별 대표영상 등의 보다 구체적인 참고자료가 필요하다. 현대의 현장계측기술은 실시간으로 해양관측자료를 획득할 수 있는 수준에 이르렀으며, 기존의 파고 및 기상 관측시설과 함께 현장의 해상상태 영상자료까지 획득할 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 속초 조도동방등표에 설치되어 운영 중인 실시간해양관측 시스템에 무선영상전송장치를 설치하여 파랑자료와 영상이미지를 수집하고 유의파고별로 현장이미지를 비교 및 분류하였다. 관측된 해상상태 영상들과 뷰퍼트 풍력계급표의 해면 상태 설명과 비교한 결과 해상상태 영상자료의 가치를 확인할 수 있었다. 뷰퍼트 풍력계급표는 순수하게 목측이나 파고척을 이용하여 목측으로 만들어진 것에 비해 본 연구의 결과는 정밀한 파고센서와 과학적인 해상상태 영상정보 수집으로 파고의 실체적인 모습을 파악할 수 있었으며 관측파고의 신뢰성을 제고할 수 있는 기회가 되었다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.285-296
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• 2011

Spar platforms have several advantages for deploying wind turbines in offshore for depth beyond 120 m. The merit of spar platform is large range of topside payloads, favourable motions compared to other floating structures and minimum hull/deck interface. The main objective of this paper is to present the response analysis of the slack moored spar platform supporting 5MW wind turbine with bottom keel plates in regular and random waves, studied experimentally and numerically. A 1:100 scale model of the spar with sparD, sparCD and sparSD configuration was studied in the wave basin ($30{\times}30{\times}3m$) in Ocean engineering department in IIT Madras. In present study the effect of wind loading, blade dynamics and control, and tower elasticity are not considered. This paper presents the details of the studies carried out on a 16 m diameter and 100 m long spar buoy supporting a 90 m tall 5 MW wind turbine with 3600 kN weight of Nacelle and Rotor and 3500 kN weight of tower. The weight of the ballast and the draft of the spar are adjusted in such a way to keep the centre of gravity below the centre of buoyancy. The mooring lines are divided into four groups, each of which has four lines. The studies were carried out in regular and random waves. The operational significant wave height of 2.5 m and 10 s wave period and survival significant wave height of 6 m and 18 s wave period in 300 m water depth are considered. The wind speed corresponding to the operational wave height is about 22 knots and this wind speed is considered to be operating wind speed for turbines. The heave and surge accelerations at the top of spar platform were measured and are used for calculating the response. The geometric modeling of spar was carried out using Multisurf and this was directly exported to WAMIT for subsequent hydrodynamic and mooring system analysis. The numerical results were compared with experimental results and the comparison was found to be good. Parametric study was carried out to find out the effect of shape, size and spacing of keel plate and from the results obtained from present work ,it is recommended to use circular keel plate instead of square plate.