• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2005

A simple analytical model is considered in an attempt to demonstrate a formation mechanism of the abyssal current in the East Sea. In this model, the abyssal currents are driven by wind through an outcrop region and flow along closed geostrophic contours. A rough estimate of the abyssal currents, arrived at by applying this model to the region of deep mixing in the East Sea, gives currents comparable to those observed, although there is an uncertainty in the surface area of the outcrop region. It seems that the spin-up of deep water by wind forcing through the region of deep winter mixing is, at least partly, an important contribution to the formation of the abyssal currents in the East Sea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권spc3호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2003

The effect of bottom friction on the steady wind-driven circulation in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea (YSECS) has been studied using a two-dimensional numerical model with and without tidal forcing. Upwind flow experiment in YSECS has also been carried out with a schematic time variation in the wind field. The surface water setup and circulation pattern due to steady wind forcing are found to be very sensitive to the bottom friction. When the effects of tidal currents are neglected, the overall current velocities are overestimated and eddies of various sizes appear, upwind flow is formed within the deep trough of the Yellow Sea, forming a part of the topographic gyre on the side of Korea. When tidal forcing is taken into account, the wind-induced surface elevations are smoothed out due to the strong tide-induced bottom friction, which is aligned almost normal to the wind stresses; weak upwind flow is farmed in the deep trough of the Yellow Sea, west and south of Jeju. Calculation with wind forcing only through a parameterized linear bottom friction produces almost same results from the calculation with $M_2$ tidal forcing and wind forcing using a quadratic bottom friction, supporting Hunter (1975)'s linearization of bottom friction which includes the effect of tidal current, can be applied to the simulation of wind-driven circulation in YSECS. The results show that steady wind forcing is not a dominant factor to the winter-time upwind flow in YSECS. Upwind flow experiment which considers the relaxation of pressure gradient (Huesh et al. 1986) shows that 1) a downwind flow is dominant over the whole YSECS when the northerly wind reaches a maximum speed; 2) a trend of upwind flow near the trough is found during relaxation when the wind abates; 3) a northward flow dominates over the YSECS after the wind stops. The results also show that the upwind flow in the trough of Yellow Sea is forced by a wind-induced longitudinal surface elevation gradient.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2010

하계 남강댐 방류수 유입에 의해 강하게 성층화된 남해 강진만에서 3차원 수치모델링 실험을 통해 태풍 통과시 염분장에 미치는 취송류의 영향과 성층 파괴에 대해 연구하였다. 조위와 유속장, 수온장, 염분장에 대해 각각 스킬 분석(skill analysis)을 이용하여 모델을 검증 하였고, 그 결과 대부분 90%가 넘는 재현율을 보였다. 모델은 조류, 담수유입에 의한 밀도류와 바람에 의한 취송류를 잘 재현했다. 대량 담수 유입이 있을 경우 바람의 영향은 강한 밀도류에 의해 상대적으로 큰 효과가 없으나, 담수유입이 감소하는 시기에는 바람이 수직 혼합작용을 촉진하여 바람을 부과하지 않은 모의 실험보다 2~3일 빠르게 성층을 파괴하였다. 담수 유입에 의한 성층과 바람에 의한 성층 파괴는 성층지수(Richardson 수(數), Ri)를 통하여 판단하였으며, 대량 방류시 성층지수는 급속도로 증가하여 Ri 수(數)가 7~20을 보였고, 방류가 중단된 이후에는 바람에 의한 혼합으로, 성층지수는 급격하게 감소하고 Ri 수(數)는 0~2까지 보였으며, 이 때 상하층간 염분은 일정하게 분포하였다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2013

Eddy Current is one of ways to make heat using rotational energy of wind turbine rotor. Four difference arrays of permanent magnets around rotor surface are used to generate heat using eddy current in this study. For the evaluation of heating performance, new test rig is prepared to measure water flow and temperatures in the inlet and outlet of the eddy current heat generator. In the test, torque and rotational speed are also measured in the motor driven system, and evaluated if the torque is matched with it of wind turbine rotor or not. It will be shown that the eddy current heat generator can be applied to real urban wind energy systems in this study.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1998

물의 유동을 해석하기 위한 3차원 수치모형이 개발되었다 모형은 균질류에 대한 $\sigma$-좌표에서 방정식들 을 유한요소법을 사용하여 해석한다. 모형의 정확성을 정토하기 위하여 1차원 수로에서 취송류 분포, 정사각형 호수에서 취송류 분포를 해석하고 해석해와 비교 검증하였으며, 마산-진해만에서 조류분포를 계산하고 현장 관측자료와 비교 검증하였다. 계산결과가 비교된 해석해 및 관측치와 대체로 일치하는 양호한 결과를 보였다. 따라서, 개발된 모형은 복잡한 육지경계를 갖는 자연 수괴의 3차원적 순환현상을 해석하는 데 널리 활용될 수 있을 것이다

• 한국해안해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해안해양공학회 1995년도 정기학술강연회 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.20-25
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• 1995

Surface wind field over an ocean plays a very important role not only to generate wind-driven current, but also to control heat exchange between ocean and atmosphere. However, the surface wind-field used for the ocean circulation and heat exchange is usually estimated by indirect methods because of lack of observed wind data and incomplete spatial coverage. (omitted)

• 지구물리
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2006

The observed ocean barotropic circulation is not completely explained by the classical wind-driven circulation theory. Although it is believed that the thermohaline forcing plays a role in the ocean barotropic circulation to some degree, how much the thermohaline forcing contributes to the barotropic circulation is not well known. The role of thermohaline circulation driven by changes in temperature and salinity in the Southern Ocean (SO) water masses on the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport is investigated using a coupled ocean - atmosphere - sea ice - land surface climate system model in a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) context. Withthe implementation of glacial boundary conditions in a coupled model, a substantial increase in the ACC transport by about 75% in 80 years of integration and 25% in the near LGM equilibrium is obtained despite of the decreases in the magnitude of wind stresses over the SO by 33% in the transient time and 20% in the near-equilibrium. This result suggests that the increase in the barotropic ACC transport is due to factors other than the wind forcing. The change in ocean thermohaline circulation in the SO seems to play a significant role in enhancing the ACC transport in association with the change in the bottom pressure torque.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.549-561
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• 2003

Behavior of the Nakdong River plume was studied by the analysis of the observed CTD data and numerical simulations using three-dimensional Princeton Ocean model (POM) in which the river discharge, tides and winds were considered. During the flood season of summer the 30 psu isohaline expands northward to Daebyeon and southwestward to Samcheonpo. The model results show that the isohalines are approximately parallel to the bottom slope, which suggests the possibility of upwelling induced by the topographic effects. Northwesterly wind expands the river plume to the offshore direction so that the inflow of fresh plume water into Jinhae Bay through the Gaduk Channel is constrained, then the coastal upwelling seems to be caused by the wind-driven current at the southern edge of Gaduk Island. Southwesterly wind expands the river plume toward Daebyeon, and the inflow of fresh water into Jinhae Bay is also constrained.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2002

The wintertime upwind flow in the Yellow Sea has been investigated through a series of two-dimensional numerical experiments in an idealized basin. A total of 10 experiments have been carried out to examine the effects of wind forcing, bottom friction and the presence of oceanic currents sweeping the shelf of the East China Sea. A spatially uniform steady and periodic wind stresses are considered along with comparison of linear and quadratic formulations. The wind-driven flow in the absence of oceanic current has been computed using Proudman open boundary condition (POBC), while the wind-driven current in the presence of oceanic current has been computed using Flather’s radiation condition (FOBC). The oceanic currents to be prescribed at the open boundary have been simulated by specifying uniform sea level gradients across the Taiwan Strait and the eastern ECS shelf, Calculations show that, as seen in Lee et al. (2000), oceanic flow little penetrates into the Yellow Sea in the absence of wind forcing unless a unrealistically low rate of bottom frictional dissipation is assumed. Both steady and time-periodic wind stresses invoke the upwind flow along the central trough of the Yellow Sea, independently of the presence of the oceanic current. The presence of oceanic currents very marginally alters the north-south gradient of the sea surface elevation in the Yellow Sea. Changes in the intensity and direction of the wind-induced mean upwind flow are hardly noticeable in the Yellow Sea but are found to be significant near Cheju Island where the gradient is reduced and therewith contribution of Ekman transport increases. In case of steady wind forcing circulation patterns such as two gyres on the slope sides, a cyclonic gyre on the western slope and an anticyclonic gyre on the eastern slope persist and the upwind flow composes part of the cyclonic gyre in the Yellow Sea. While in case of the time-periodic wind stress the appearance and disappearance of the patterns are repeated according to the time variation of the wind stress and the upwind flow accordingly varies with phase delay, mostly intensifying near the time when the wind forcing is approximately near the middle of the decaying stage.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2001

한국 남동해역 취송순환에서의 부정확한 외력의 바람응력 문제에 대한 최적화 방법의 유용성에 관하여 검토하였다. 바람응력은 모델 및 수치적 정식화 과정에서 상층 경계조건 및 외력항으로 고려되었다. 그리고 바람응력 평가에 대한 최적화 방법의 적용성 및 모델변수의 초기값 추정치의 중요성을 검토하였다. 최적화 연구로부터 동해 남부해역의 취송순환에 관한 동한난류의 수송량 변화 및 통해 난수층의 형성과 분포특성을 바람응력, 바람응력 회전성 및 상층두께의 변동으로부터 파악할 수 있음을 확인하였다.