• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2006

Processes controlling the interannual variation of mixed layer temperature (MLT) averaged over the NINO3 domain ($150-90^{\circ}W$, $5^{\circ}N-5^{\circ}S$) are studied using an ocean data assimilation product that covers the period of 1993 to 2003. Advective tendencies are estimated here as the temperature fluxes through the domain's boundaries, with the boundary temperature referenced to the domain-averaged temperature to remove the dependence on temperature scale. The overall balance is such that surface heat flux opposes the MLT change but horizontal advection and subsurface processes assist the change. The zonal advective tendency is caused primarily by large-scale advection of warm-pool water through the western boundary of the domain. The meridional advective tendency is contributed mostly by Ekman current advecting large-scale temperature anomalies though the southern boundary of the domain. Unlike many previous studies, we explicitly evaluate the subsurface processes that consist of vertical mixing and entrainment. In particular, a rigorous method to estimate entrainment allows an exact budget closure. The vertical mixing across the mixed layer (ML) base has a contribution in phase with the MLT change. The entrainment tendency due to temporal change in ML depth is negligible comparing to other subsurface processes. The entrainment tendency by vertical advection across the ML base is dominated by large-scale changes in wind-driven upwelling and temperature of upwelling water. Tropical instability waves (TIWs) result in smaller-scale vertical advection that warms the domain during La Ni? cooling events. When the advective tendencies are evaluated by spatially averaging the conventional local advective tendencies of temperature, the apparent effects of currents with spatial scales smaller than the domain (such as TIWs) become very important as they redistribute heat within the NINO3 domain. However, such internal redistribution of heat does not represent external processes that control the domain-averaged MLT.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1240-1243
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• 2008

제주도는 연평균 강우량이 1,975mm에 달하는 우리나라 최대의 다우지역이며 투수성이 좋은 다공질 화산암류 및 화산회토로 이루어져 있어 총 강우량의 48.5%에 이르는 빗물이 지하로 침투하여 대부분의 하천들은 건천을 이루고 있다. 제주도의 143개 하천 중 6개의 하천을 제외한 전 하천들은 건천의 형태를 이루고 있어 지표수의 발달이 매우 빈약하다. 본 연구에서는 장기 강우-유출 모형인 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 적용하여 제주도 주요하천의 유출량을 산정하고자 한다. 143개 하천 중 제주도 동부유역의 천미천과 북부유역의 외도천을 연구대상유역으로 선정하여 SWAT 모형을 적용하였다. 연구 대상유역에 대한 SWAT 모형의 입력자료인 수문 기상자료(Precipitation, Solar Radiation, Wind Speed, Climate, Humidity)와 지형자료(DEM(Digital Elevation Model), Land Use, Soil Type)를 구축하였으며, 동시에 모형의 보정 및 검증을 위하여 천미천 외도천 유역의 실측 유출자료를 수집하여 정리하였다. 모델의 입력자료를 구축하고 SWAT 모형을 이용하여 천미천 외도천 유역의 유출 모의를 하였고, 유출 모의 결과를 바탕으로 하여 수문관련 매개변수들의 민감도 분석을 하였으며, 민감도 분석을 통하여 보정을 수행하였다. 보정을 수행한 결과를 바탕으로 하여 천미천 외도천의 유출모의 결과를 분석하였으며, 향후 제주도에 필요한 연구결과 활용방안에 대하여 검토한 이상의 결과들로부터 제주도 하천에 대하여 SWAT모형을 적용한 결과 장기 일 유출량 모의에 대하여 전체적으로 우수한 결과를 보이고 있다. 향후 많은 보다 많은 유출량 자료를 확보하여 본 연구의 결과와 비교 검정하여 SWAT 모형을 구축한다면 제주도 하천의 장기 일 유출량 모의를 할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2020

This paper proved the reason why the Batdam does not collapse in the 50m/s typhoon by the Circulation of the Stack Effect and traced the correlation with crops in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Batdam, which is built with oedam, is a magic wall wich is played the role of 3rd layer over 22,000km, when stacked in a field, has the inertia like a linear motion of constant velocity and resists winds no matter how strong it blows. We analyzed the reason of Batdam 1.5 meters, Oreum 200 times of Batdam, and Hallasan 1,300 times Batdam, and analyzed the resonance of the characteristic function. In this paper, we adapted to natural climate change, and we built a batdam to derive the height of the batdam and neutral plane for farming according to the seasonal characteristics, and designed the relationship between natural intelligence control.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2006

The relationships among long-term climate variation at the southern part of the Korean peninsula, oceanic conditions in the South Sea, Korea, and variation in the winter catch of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) were analyzed using 32 years of time-series data from 1971~2002. In the early 1990s, winter climatic conditions at the southern part of Korean peninsula shifted from a cool to a warm regime with higher air temperature, relative weak wind speed, and lower relative humidity. Also, the winter water temperature at 50 m depth became consistently higher in the South Sea. The annual winter catch of yellowtail in the South Sea increased dramatically in the early 1990s, as did that of anchovy, which is the major food organism for yellowtail. From the results of correlation analysis, we found that the winter catch of yellowtail was more closely related to the increasing of air temperature, water temperature and anchovy catch.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.555-560
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• 2016

Recently, many countries have placed great attention on energy security and climate changes. Governments are promoting the construction of renewable energy projects with regulatory support in Korea. Despite an increasing penetration of renewable resources, however, the photovoltaic and wind power are underutilized due to the endemic problems such as difficulties of output control and intermittent output. The Energy Storage System (ESS) is proposed as a good solution for solving the problems and has been studied in both the private business and the government. However, because of inefficient aspects, the research has been carried out for improving high costs and a small capacity. In addition, the ESS is currently installed for using only one purpose which is frequency regulation or transmission congestion relief such that has an economic limitation. Therefore, methods which are becoming economically justifiable to increase the penetration of the ESS is required. Thus, this paper presents in terms of operation efficiency to improve economic feasibility of the ESS currently used. mainly, there are two aspects for the operation efficiency. Firstly, it is intended to improve the utilization rate through a process that can utilize the ESS for various purposes. It is necessary to be able to use for other purposes by classifying and clustering for increasing the efficiency of availability. The clustering method is proposed to conduct the grouping the ESS. Especially, it is proposed to utilize ESS for frequency regulation service which is the one of ancillary services in the power system. Through case studies, it is confirmed to secure the necessary resources by clustering small size ESS.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1417-1430
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• 2015

In this study we were to explore the seasonal variation of water temperature distributions before and after weir construction at Gumi, Chilgok, Gangjung(Goryung), Dalsung in the Nakdong River using Landsat satellite images. Relationship between in-situ water temperature and radiance values of Landsat-5, 7, 8 satellite images showed high correlation. Seasonal variation of water temperature in Nakdong River showed that the fluctuation ranges of water temperature before weir construction were larger than those after weir construction. This indicated that the variation of water temperature is due to the difference of heat storage volume by weir construction and dredging work. In particular, the water temperature after weirs construction in autumn was 4-8 times lower than that before weirs construction. Water temperature after weir construction decreased in spring and summer at the downstream of Gumi weir and Gangjung(Goryung) weir, and the upstream of Dalsung weir. In autumn and winter, the water temperature after weir construction increased in the upstream and downstream of the whole weirs except upstream of Gumi weir. Relationship between water temperature and meteorological elements (air temperature, wind speed, sunshine, radiation) showed high correlation of above 94% in air temperature, and then radiation was high correlation before and after 65%.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2017

To determine the effect of air pollution reduction policies, the long-term trend of air pollutants should be analyzed. Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter is a low-pass filter, produced through repeated iterations of a moving average to separate each variable into its temporal components. The moving average for a KZ(m, p) filter is calculated by a filter with window length m and p iterations. The output of the first pass subsequently becomes the input for the next pass. Adjusting the window length and the number of iterations makes it possible to control the filtering of different scales of motion. To break down the daily mean $PM_{10}$ into individual time components, we assume that the original time series comprises of a long-term trend, seasonal variation, and a short-term component. The short-term component is attributable to weather and short-term fluctuations in precursor emissions, while the seasonal component is a result of changes in the solar angle. The long-term trend results from changes in overall emissions, pollutant transport, climate, policy and/or economics. The long-term trend of the daily mean $PM_{10}$ decreased sharply from $59.6ug/m^3$ in 2002 to $44.6ug/m^3$ in 2015. This suggests that there was a long-term downward trend since 2005. The difference between the unadjusted and meteorologically adjusted long-term $PM_{10}$ is small. Therefore, we can conclude that $PM_{10}$ is unaffected by the meteorological variables (total insolation, daily mean temperature, daily mean relative humidity, daily mean wind speed, and daily mean local atmospheric pressure) in Busan.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.705-710
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• 2012

In this study, an experiment on an air conditioning test bench was performed to verify the possibility of fuel economy simulation for the SC03 mode, North America fuel economy certification mode with a/c on condition, one of the vehicle fuel economy evaluation modes. The air conditioning test bench used in this study had each chamber simulating the actual vehicle air conditioning system and the controlling temperature, humidity, and air flow velocity to reproduce environmental conditions. Reliable results were obtained about the compressor RPM and inlet air velocity in front of the condenser corresponding to vehicle speed and air velocity in front of the vehicle, respectively, in the simulation of the SC03 mode, previously performed in CWT, in an air conditioning test bench. It was also discovered that there was a distinct difference in the fuel economy depending on the difference in the compressor displacement in the simulation test of the SC03 mode in the air conditioning test bench under various displacement conditions of the compressor.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.609-626
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• 2013

Air quality models have been widely used to study and simulate many air quality issues. In the simulation, it is important to raise the accuracy of meteorological predicted data because the results of air quality modeling is deeply connected with meteorological fields. Therefore in this study, we analyzed the effects of meteorological fields on the air quality simulation. This study was designed to evaluate MM5 predictions by using different initial condition data and different observations utilized in the data assimilation. Among meteorological scenarios according to these input data, the results of meteorological simulation using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (Final) Operational Global Analysis data were in closer agreement with the observations and resulted in better prediction on ozone concentration. And in Seoul, observations from Regional Meteorological Office for data assimilations of MM5 were suitable to predict ozone concentration. In other areas, data assimilation using both observations from Regional Meteorological Office and Automatical Weather System provided valid method to simulate the trends of meteorological fields and ozone concentrations. However, it is necessary to vertify the accuracy of AWS data in advance because slightly overestimated wind speed used in the data assimilation with AWS data could result in underestimation of high ozone concentrations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 2015

The climate of Korea has clear rainy and dry season due to seasonal wind. In general, The rainy season in Korea is from early summer through to early fall. And precipitation accounted for more than half of the total annual rainfall in this period. This study is aiming to analysis of variation in saturation flow rate at signalized intersection during rainfall. The range of spatial is urban signalized intersections in Seoul and temporal is rainfall or ideal condition in daylight. Traffic data are collected through CCTV of Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency, and on-site video recordings directly. Weather condition data are collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration. In addition, the value of saturation headway and saturation flow rate, in rainfall condition, are derived through video frame analysis. As a results of analysis, decrease of saturation flow rate and increase of saturation headway during rainfall were confirmed by comparison with non-rainfall. The higher rainfall rate is, the more decreased saturation flow rate at the intersections. Rainfall rate is divided three area by the results of statistical test, and saturation flow rate decrease 7%, 17%, 21%, respectively.