• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2002

Sixty crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats (growing females), 18-24 mo of age, with a mean pre-experimental live weight of $20.9{\pm}0.44kg$ were used to investigate voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) and digestibility of supplements of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves to a basal diet of guinea grass. The experiment was a 3 forms of presentation: fresh, wilted and $dry{\times}4$ levels of supplementation: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of total forage allowance with LL leaves. The goats were assigned based on weight and age to one of the twelve diets in a randomized manner and each level had five animals (replicates) per diet for 56 days. The form of presentation of LL leaves had effects on dry matter (DM) and nutrient composition. DM and NDF were higher in the dry LL leaves (p<0.05). In the diets, CP increased as the level of supplementation with LL leaves increased (p<0.05). Mean CP was similar in the fresh ($14.8{\pm}3.5%$), wilted ($14.3{\pm}3.3%$) and dry forms ($13.9{\pm}3.1%$). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in levels of supplementation. Organic matter (OM) followed the trend of CP concentration (p<0.05). Drying was observed to reduce the availability of CP at the different levels of supplementation and subsequently this affected the NDF of the diets. DM intake of the goats on the fresh and wilted LL leaves was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in those on the dry LL leaves. DM intake of the basal diet was observed to decrease as the level of supplementation (p<0.05) increased regardless of the form of presentation of LL. Growth rate was best (p<0.05) on the fresh form followed by wilted and the least in the dry form. Growth rate decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in the level of supplementation in the dry form. The form of presentation and level of supplementation influenced DM, CP and OM digestibility (p<0.05). Except for NDF, the digestibility of DM, CP and OM were better (p<0.05) in the goats on fresh LL leaves compared to the wilted and dry leaves. Based on the data on DMI, growth rate and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients, the results suggest that LL leaves is best utilized when fed fresh or wilted to goats. In the dry form of presentation, the best level of supplementation without a reduction in voluntary DMI and growth rate is the 20%. In the fresh and wilted form, LL leaves could be fed up to the 40% level with improved DMI, growth rate and nutrient utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

For the two species of native fern that have high development potential for interior landscape, Rumohra aristata and Cyclosorus dentatus, the physiological and growth characteries as nitrogen application rate such as $NaNO_3$ 0.0mg/L, $NaNO_3$ 0.5mg/L, $NaNO_3$5.0mg/L, $NaNO_3$ 50mg/L and $NaNO_3$ 500mg/L were surveyed. 1. A significant changes of Rumohra aristata, in top growth was not distinctive. However, as nitrogen application rate increased, the numbers of leaves declined and the content of chlorophyll and the number of wilted leaves increased. 2. As nitrogen application rate increased, the top growth of Cyclosorus dentatus and the content of chlorophyll was increased. However, its overall, ornamental value was reduced due to the rising number of wilted leaves and the declining number of new leaves.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of silver thiosulfate (STS) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on flower opening and lifespan of potted Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Oriba' for exportation. Ethylene inhibitors, STS and 1-MCP were applied to the kalanchoe plants prior to their export to Japan. STS 0.5 mM with 1% Tween 20 surfactant was directly sprayed (20 mL per plant) to leaves, buds, and flowers and 1-MCP 100 $nL{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was injected into sealed glass chambers containing kalanchoe plants, which were placed on the chambers for 6 hours. After transport to Japan, the plants were immediately transferred to a simulated retail condition room (80 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for 12 hours of photoperiod at $22^{\circ}C$ and 64% RH) at Toyko University. The numbers of buds, open florets, and wilted florets in the middle inflorescence for each plant were counted right after export, 1 week after export, and 6 weeks after export. The percentages of open florets and wilted florets were calculated from the numbers. STS treatment resulted in 35% more open florets than the control and only 11% of wilted florets at 6 weeks after export to Japan which indicate the extension of lifespan of potted kalanchoe plants. Meanwhile, the plants exposed to 1-MCP before export did not show any significant differences in the numbers of buds and open florets and the percentages of open and wilted florets compared to control plants. In conclusion, STS 0.5 mM treatment strikingly induced better opening florets and lifespan of kalanchoe plants from 1 week to 6 weeks after export than control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.497-503
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• 2004

The effect of adding carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs to sweet potato leaves (SPL) on silage quality was studied using a total of 180 laboratory silos. Silage quality was assessed by changes of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_{3}$-N). Pre-wilted SPL was mixed with cassava root meal (CRM), sweet potato root meal (SPM) or sugar cane molasses (Mo) at levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 g $kg^{-1}$ (air-dry weight of additives to pre-wilted weight of SPL). Samples for assessing silage quality were collected after mixing the SPL with the additive and thereafter at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of ensiling. There was a marked decrease in pH after 7 days and the pH remained low and stable until day 56. Addition of 60 and 90 g $kg^{-1}$ resulted in a lower pH (p<0.05) than the other treatments. The DM content of the silage increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of additive, while there were no differences in DM with time of ensiling. The CP content of the silage decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of additive. The CP content did not change up to 28 days, but was lower (p<0.05) after 56 days in all treatments. The $NH_{3}$-N levels were increasing (p<0.05) with time of ensiling, and were lower (p<0.05) with additive levels of 60 g $kg^{-1}$ or higher. Also, the additive source affected the $NH_{3}$-N values, with the lowest values found for Mo. Castrated male pigs (Large White$\times$Mongcai) were used in 4$\times$4 Latin square design to study the total tract digestibility and nitrogen (N) utilisation of diets with inclusion of ensiled SPL. The diets were based on cassava root meal with inclusion of protein from either fish meal (C) or SPL ensiled with CRM (D1), SPL ensiled with SPM (D2) and SPL ensiled with Mo (D3). The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and CP were higher (p<0.05), and the digestibility of crude fibre (CF) was lower (p<0.05), in diet C than in diets D1, D2 and D3. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) in digestibility of dietary components between diets D1, D2 and D3. Also, the excretion of N in faeces was higher (p<0.05) and the N retention was lower (p<0.05) in diets D1, D2 and D3 than in diet C. It can be concluded from the present experiments, that a good quality silage can be produced from pre-wilted SPL by addition of 60 g $kg^{-1}$ of either CRM, SPM or Mo. Diets with inclusion of 450 g ensiled SPL $kg^{-1}$ DM showed a high digestibility of dietary components and thus ensiled SPL should be considered as a potential feed resource for growing pigs.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.529-534
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• 2010

Occurrence of wilted symptom in watermelon plant ($Citrullus$ $lanatus$ L.) is known to be caused by physiological disorder. The symptom results in the loss of fruit production and thus the economical loss of watermelon growers. The incidence of symptom is often found from the middle of March to the end of May in the major watermelon crop production areas of Korea (i.e. Uiryeong, Gyeongnam (lat $37^{\circ}$56'64"N, long $126^{\circ}$99'97"E)). Despite of extensive information about the physiological disorder, little study has been conducted to understand a relationship between the wilted symptom and accompanying environment factors (e.g. temperature). This study aimed to investigate effects of environmental conditions amended by a forced-ventilation system on physiological characteristics of watermelon and incidence of the wilted symptom. Watermelon plants were grown from January to May, 2009 with either the forced-or natural-ventilation treatment in a greenhouse located in the Uiryeong. In the result, the forced-ventilation treatment decreased the air, leaf and root-zone temperature approximately $4.5^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$ and $3^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared to the natural-ventilation. The fruit growth rate was maximized twice during the entire growing period. The higher rate of fruit growth was observed under the natural-ventilation than the forced one. Maximization of the fruit growth rate (approximately 430 g per day) was first observed by 12 days after fruiting under the natural-ventilation treatment, while the second one (approximately 350 g per day) was observed by 24 days after fruiting. The wilted symptom started occurring by 22 days after fruiting under the natural-ventilation, whereas no incidence of the symptom was found under the forced-ventilation treatment. Interestingly, the forced-ventilation lowered the fruit growth rate (approximately 320 g per day) compared to the natural one. Maximization of the fruit growth rate under the forced-ventilation was found at 4 days later than that under the natural one. This result coincided with a slower plant growth under the forced-ventilation treatment. These results suggest that the forced-ventilation slows down extension growth of fruit and plant, which may be associated with lowering leaf temperature and saturation deficit. We suggest the hypothesis that the forced-ventilation may alleviate stress of the wilted symptom by avoiding extreme water evaporation from leaves due to high temperature and thus by reducing competition between leaves and fruits for water. More direct and detailed investigations are needed to confirm the effect of the forced ventilation.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.725-728
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• 1998

Phytophthora crown rot of cymbidium was observed in Cheju island since June of 1996. The disease initiated at the basal portion of infected plant progressed upward to lower leaves. Soon after distinct water-soaking lesions appeared on lower leaves, the plant was wilted, blighted and died. Four orchid farms at Sogwipo out of 16 surveyed in the island were infected by the disease estimating 5~20% infection rates. The causal fungus was identified as P. palmivora based on following distinguishing characteristics. All isolates were heterothallic as A1 types and readily produced chlamydospores with cultural age. Sporangia were conspicuous papillate, ellipsoidal to ovoid, highly deciduous with short pedicels ca. 3~4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Koch's rules were satisfied by a pathogenicity test and re-isolation of the fungus from inoculated plants. The pathogen has never been reported in Cheju island previously and its firstly recorded as the cause of Phytophthora crown rot of cymbidium in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.387-390
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• 2005

A survey was conducted during February-March 2003 to determine the occurrence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) fields, cultivated under plastic houses in major strawberry growing regions of Gyeongbuk and Chonbuk provinces, Korea. The survey revealed presence of eleven species of plant-parasitic nematodes viz., Aphelenchoides fragariae, Criconemoides morgensis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hirschmanniella imamuri, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans, Psilenchus hilarulus, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni and Xiphinema sp. Frequency and density of each species were highly variable from field to field and within the field. Plant growth was not uniform in the surveyed fields under plastic houses; stunted growth, chlorotic leaves, small curled or crinkled leaves, deformed buds and flowers and wilted plants with fewer fruits were observed in patches.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.102-105
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• 2005

Severe wilt disease epidemic was found on winter daphnes (Daphne odora Thunb.) cultivated in farmers, nurseries in Suncheon, Jeonnam in 2003. Typical symptoms appeared on the leaves of winter daphne as yellowish wilts and turned brown from the lower leaves on the same plant. Severely infected leaves were defoliated, resulting in blight of stems and eventual death of the entire plant. Black decayed vascular tissues were distinctly observed in a wilted plant. Fusarium sp. was isolated from the diseased plants repeatedly and its pathogenicity was confirmed by artificial inoculation on healthy plants. The fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of the morphological and cultural characteristics on potato dextrose agar and carnation leaf agar. The optimum temperature for fungal growth was around $25{\circ}C$ and the fungal growth was inhibited by metconazole, triflumizole and trifloxystrobin on potato dextrose agar. This is the first report on the wilt disease of winter daphnes caused by F.oxysporum in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.443-446
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• 2019

In 2017, wilting symptom was observed on seedlings of Anthurium andraeranum in Youngin, Korea. Brownish lesions with water soaking were developed on the stems and roots of the infected plants. The stems and leaves wilted and finally died. One fungal isolate was obtained in pure culture. Morphological features and nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit II mt DNA were analyzed. The results of this study indicated that the fungus is identified as Phytopythium vexans. Pathogenicity tests showed the isolate was pathogenic to the seedlings of A. andraeanum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. vexans causing stem rot on A. andraeanum in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.263-264
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• 2012

Sclerotium rot was found on Cymbidium orchids at Seosan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, in July, 2010. Symptoms occurred on low leaves, which turned yellowish, after which the entire plant wilted. Severely infected plants were blighted and eventually died. White mycelial mats and sclerotia appeared on pseudobulbs. Based on the mycological characteristics and pathogenicity, the causal fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report of new Sclerotium rot on Cymbidium spp. caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.