• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2018

It is well known that market transactions do not lead to social optima when externalities exist. Given that previous studies such as RICARDO-AEA(2014) have identified various types of external costs, we must take their magnitudes, or externalities in general, into account in order to make toll prices to achieve social optimum. Little has been done on estimation of externalities in road uses in Korea, to the best of our knowledge. We suggested to use the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate overall social benefits and applied it to estimation of benefits of road kill prevention as a pilot study. Our empirical model has considered heteroskedasticity explicitly and its estimation result was that individual drivers were willing to pay 147 KRW on average in addition to current toll prices for prevention of road kills. We provided general discussions of externalities in road use and various internalization measures.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2015

Residential building owners are turning toward renovating their existing buildings to improve old and inefficient HVAC systems. Due to the renovation, much of the added costs will inevitably be passed on to tenants by increasing rent rates. This increment often increases the vacancy rate in the buildings. To balance the interests of both owners and tenants, this paper suggested a method to determine an appropriate rental rate increment for the HVAC system renovation. A case study on residential buildings was conducted to determine a balanced point where the rental rate increment that offsets the amount tenants are willing to pay for the renovation. To calculate all costs incurred by the renovation, life-cycle cost analysis was carried out. Therefore, this paper ultimately provides a threshold value of rental rate increment such that building owners can make a reasonable decision on the HVAC system renovation.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2014

Apparel design is an economic activity to create values for users over the value chain of a product. In this paper, the contribution of apparel design is defined as the enhancement of users' perceived values by improving users' experience of products. In this context, the value of a product corresponds to compensation for experience or a promise for experience of a product. Experience can be sensory or psychological benefits to users. To evaluate the value of apparel design, the researcher identified and analyzed the apparel design parameters affecting users' experience and benefits of products such as macro-, micro-environmental factors, value chain factors, apparel designer factors, and user factors. For an analytical modeling of the values of apparel design, this paper introduces the concept of a utility function from economics. In economics, utility is a measure of desirability or satisfaction that can be correlative to need or desire. The measure of value can be found in the price which a user is willing to pay for the fulfillment or satisfaction of need or desire via the experience of a product.

• 산업공학
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• 제16권spc호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2003

In this paper we study the delivery policy of internet bookstores and recommend the improved policy to increase customer satisfaction and sales revenue. We classify customers into two, the price-sensitive and the delivery time-sensitive, and develop a new shipping method, the unhurried shipping, for the price-sensitive who are reluctant to pay shipping fee for the small purchase but willing to wait extra time for the ordered goods. The customers could get discount on shipping fee by the unhurried shipping but have to accept the longer delivery lead-time. We investigate the possible ways to reduce costs with the prolonged delivery time and show that some costs regarding shipmentand inventory could be saved in order to make up for additional shipping costs for the price-sensitive.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.719-719
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• 2002

Aesthetic and cosmetic dentistry is becoming a major source of the dentists practice and source of income. Patients are demanding dentists to improve and enhance their appearance and function by means of aesthetic contouring and orthodontics and are willing to pay for such services. This creates a challenge for the dental profession to gain more knowledge and skill in this important area of their practice. Ceramic and composite veneers provide a comprehensive solution to the dentition that are severely hypoplastic or deeply stained by the ingestion of tetracycline during tooth development. A large number of dental materials and new techniques are now available that will render extremely satisfactory and beautiful solutions to these previously unsightly dentitions. This presentation will present the most commonly used dental materials and techniques of fabrication of composite and porcelain veneers. Using clinical cases, the step by step cavity preparations.Impression taking, laboratory fabrication, clinical try-in and cementation materials and techniques and repairs of broken veneers as well as long term follow up will be presentedesented

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2014

Purpose - There has been little research on the variables influencing studio apartment values. This study aims to identify variables affecting the value of studio apartments in Seoul by empirically examining the interaction between sale prices and characteristics studio apartment characteristics. Research design, data, and methodology - We have analyzed data pertaining to 142 studio apartments in September 2010. A regression analysis model is constructed to test the significance of the variables in relation to the studio apartment sale prices per m2 in Seoul. Results - The age of the building is comparatively more significant than land use as the explanatory variable. Land price is the key variable affecting studio apartment sale prices and investors are willing to pay high implicit sale prices for locations that are associated with high land prices. Conclusions - The age of buildings explains a significant portion of the variability of the sale prices of studio apartment. Higher land prices result in higher sale prices for studio apartments. The older the buildings, the lower the sale prices of the studio apartments.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2010

This work is described as an fresh effort to study environmental sustainable management in organic products retailing markets. Sustainable management means creating value for business, nature and society. The main point of this thesis is about the concept, the content and the target of environmental sustainable management, and the technical method and basis to achieve it. Also this thesis shows the strategy of sustainable management as well as the realization of sustainable development by carrying out organic agricultural production. The main content of sustainable management is that: - Rationalize the utilization of resource and energy. - Maximize economic benefit. - Minimize harm to humans and the environment. Examines business strategies that have successfully targeted markets, such as advertising, labeling, gaining consumer trust, partnerships, and diversifying operations. These included management skills, and marketing organic and other sustainably grown products to determine strategies for developing new markets for these products. Suggests that consumers are becoming more aware of the importance of environmentally sound methods for growing food, the health benefits of wholesome food, and are willing to pay more for these products.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1287-1292
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• 2005

With opening of KTX, Korea Railway have carried out a variety of marketing strategies unprecedented, which have brought successful results for dramatical increasing passengers in KTX from 72 thousand passengers per day in 2004 to 85 thousand passengers per day in 2005. These marketing strategies for Korea Rail to use in increasing passengers for KTX are the following: special discount fare system for non-season to penetrate into transport market in the first time, fare system reform considering to customers' willing to pay, new item development by each specific market like contracting transport, YMS(Yield Management System) by stages, Home-ticket-and-e-ticket and tele-marketing service, and wide range covering sales network making it comfortable for users in KTX. This paper discusses these successful marketing strategies and its performance and finally suggests strategic implications for KTX growth.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.187-212
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• 2002

Vietnams urban middle class is strongly value oriented in its shopping behavior. They want fairly good quality and service, but they also factor price into their considerations. In terms of retail patronage, they demand convenience, good service, attractive display, and especially want extensive choice. Brands must be present in multiple types of outlet, or fragile brand loyalties can be broken. Mini supermarkets have become an important part of the retail scene in the past decade, and have successfully introduced the supermarket concept to Vietnam. Many consumers are integrating mini supermarkets into their regular shopping, and are willing to pay the higher prices to gain the benefits of such shopping. However, the mini supermarkets do not adequately meet some of the things they expect from supermarkets. Large supermarkets are just entering the market, and are likely to capture much of the current mini supermarket customer base.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2005년도 6th 2005 International Conference on Computers, Communications and System
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• pp.369-373
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• 2005

Virtual Communities are many and varied have been around for a number of years now. Cyworld has all the makings of a successful website, with its unique and profitable business model. Our purpose in studying Cyworld is two fold ; we want to know the motivations people have for using the service and why they are willing to pay to use it. This study is based on motivation theory and flow theory to enhance our understanding of Cyworld user's behavior.