• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.91-93
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• 2003

It has been estimated that the equivalent of approximately $US 50 billion has been spent on research on the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment since Rachel Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962. Much of the resulting knowledge has been summarized explicitly in computer algorithms in a variety of empirical, deterministic, and probabilistic simulation models. These models describe and predict the transport, degradation and resultant concentrations of pesticides in various compartments of the environment during and after application. In many cases the known errors of model predictions are large. For this reason they are typically designed to be “conservative”, i.e., err on the side of over-prediction of concentrations in order to err on the side of safety. These predictions are then compared with toxicity data, from tests of the pesticide on a series of standard representative biota, including terrestrial and aquatic indicator species and higher animals (e.g., wildlife and humans). The models' predictions are good enough in some cases to provide screening of those compounds which are very unlikely to do harm, and to indicate those compounds which must be investigated further. If further investigation is indicated a more detailed (and therefore more complicated) model may be employed to give a better estimate, or field experiments may be required. A model may be used to explore “what if” questions leading to possible alternative pesticide usage patterns which give lower potential environmental concentrations and allowable exposures. We are currently at a maturing stage in this research where the knowledge base of pesticide behavior in the environmental is growing more slowly than in the past. However, innovative uses are being made of the explosion in available computer technology to use models to take ever more advantage of the knowledge we have. In this presentation, current developments in the state of the art as practiced in North America and Europe will be presented. Specifically, we will look at the efforts of the ‘Focus’ consortium in the European Union, and the ‘EMWG’ consortium in North America. These groups have been innovative in developing a process and mechanisms for discussion amongst academic, agriculture, industry and regulatory scientists, for consensus adoption of research advances into risk management methodology.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2015

The urban park has important functions as a habitat for wildlife as well as open space of rest and community for people. This study was carried out to find what factors of structure and vegetation of urban parks could affect forest bird species diversity in Cheonan city. The study surveyed bird and vegetation species in 26 urban parks, Cheonan city. A correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions were performed to test whether habitat structure and vegetation were the major correlate with species diversity. The results showed the Dujeong park was the most high bird species diversity (H' = 2.13), and the Dujeong-8 park (H' = 2.02) and the Cheongsa park (H' = 1.73) were considerably higher than the other urban parks. The variables that were strongly correlated with bird species diversity were park area, number of subtree species, canopy of shrub, number of shrub species, shape index, canopy of subtree, canopy of tree, and impervious surface ratio. The regression of bird species diversity against the environmental variables showed that 3 variables of park area, canopy of subtree, and canopy of tree were included in the best model. Model variable selection was broadly similar for the 5 optimal models. It means park area and multi-layer vegetation were the most consistent and significant predictor of bird species diversity, because urban parks were isolated by built-up areas. Especially the subtree coverage that provides shelter and food for forest birds was an important variable. Therefore, to make parks circular-shaped and abundant multi-layer vegetation, which could be a buffer to external disturbances and improve the quality of habitats, may be used to enhance species diversity in creation and management of urban parks.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2004

최근 국토의 난개발이 발생하면서 자연생태계가 훼손되고 있어, 환경부는 기존의 사후관리와 통제중심의 환경정책에서 사전예방과 자율적 환경관리 정책으로 환경정책기조를 전환하고 있다. 자연환경 보전계획은 생태계와 야생동 식물을 보호하는데 초점을 맞추고 있어 국토 전체의 자연환경을 체계적으로 보전하는 데 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해서는 자연환경보전계획의 공간화와 국토 도시계획과의 연계성을 강화하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지자체 자연환경보전계획의 수립실태와 문제점을 진단하고, 그러한 자연환경 보전계획이 국토 도시계획과 유기적인 연계를 확보하기 위해 어떠한 방향으로 수립되어야 하는지 제시한다. 구체적으로 자연환경보전계획의 체계를 개편하는 것이 필요하고, 계획을 매체중심에서 공간환경 중심으로 개편하는 것이 바람직하다. 이를 위해서 도시지역에서는 비오톱지도를 작성하는 것이 바람직하다. 비오톱의 조사내용, 조사방법, 도면화 방법 및 기준이 필요하다. 이와 아울러, 중앙정부와 지방자치단체의 자연환경보전을 위한 합리적인 역할분담 방안을 강구하고, 자연환경보전계획을 효율적으로 수립 추진하기 위한 민관협력체제의 구축방안을 모색하는 것이 중요하다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2003

습지는 물과 물 생태계의 점이지대로서 생태학적 및 경제학적 가치가 매우 높다. 내륙 담수습지 중에서 가장 중요한 하천습지는 서식지라기보다 유로(channel)로 인식되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 하류 연안의 지류 내에 형성된 자연습지의 특성을 고찰하고 그 관리방안을 모색하였다. 지류 내의 자연습지는 하천이 중간 규모일수록 본류에서 먼 곳에 넓게 소택지를 이룬다. 이것은 자연습지가 지류의 하상종단곡선에 빙기에 굴삭된 구간과 간빙기에 매적된 구간이 불협화로 만나는 구간에 형성되기 때문이다. 이러한 자연습지들을 효과적으로 보전하기 위해서는 습지의 세부사항을 목록화 하고 정밀 지도를 작성하여야 한다. 그리고 자연습지를 개간한 농경지의 일부를 습지생태계로 되돌려 생태학습장이나 생태관광지로 개발하는 역간척이 필요하다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

This paper describes the radiation doses to human and non-human biota in the Republic of Korea, as a result of the Fukushima nuclear accident. By using the measured airborne activity and ground deposition, the effective and thyroid doses of five human age groups (infant, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and adult) were estimated by the ECOSYS code, and the whole body absorbed dose rate of the eight Korean reference animals and plants (RAPs) was estimated by the K-BIOTA (the Korean computer code to assess the risk of radioactivity to wildlife). The first-year effective and thyroid human doses ranged from 5.7E-5 mSv in the infant group to 2.0E-4 mSv in the 5 years group, and from 5.0E-4 mSv in the infant group to 3.4E-3 mSv in the 5 years group, respectively. The life-time (70 years) effective and thyroid human doses ranged from 1.5E-4 mSv in the infant group to 3.0E-4 mSv in the 5 years group, and from 6.0E-4 mSv in the infant group to 3.5E-3 mSv in the 5 years group, respectively. The estimated maximum whole body absorbed dose rate to the Korean RAPs was 6.7E-7 mGy/d for a snake living in soil (terrestrial biota), and 2.0E-5 mGy/d for freshwater fish (aquatic biota), both of which were far less than the generic dose criteria to protect biota from ionizing radiation. Also, the screening level assessment for ERICA's (Environmental Risks from Ionizing Contaminants: Assessments and management) limiting organisms showed that the risk quotient (RQ) for the estimated maximum soil and water activity was significantly less than unity for both the terrestrial and freshwater organisms. Conclusively, the radiological risk of the radioactivity released into the environment by the Fukushima nuclear accident to the public and the non-human biota in the republic of Korea is considered negligible.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Shorebirds migrating along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) have been drastically decreasing due to continuous area loss and quality degradation of intertidal mudflats in the Yellow Sea. Evaluating the current habitat quality by means of habitat carrying capacity estimation could be effective in predicting the magnitude of impacts caused by habitat loss and provide better understanding to improve management strategies. In this study, we estimated the total biomass of Macrophthalmus japonicus, a main prey item of curlews in the Korea peninsular as habitat carrying capacity of the southern intertidal mudflat of Ganghwa Island, one of the key stopover sites for curlews in the EAAF. The result of the estimation took into account spatial differences of prey biomass and the available foraging time by tide patterns. Accordingly, it was found that curlew populations account for 30.26% of the habitat carrying capacity. When we calculated the mean biomass of the area and extrapolated it to the whole area to calculate the total biomass, it was found that the curlews have consumed 10.92% of the total biomass. The results show that the habitat carrying capacity of the southern intertidal mudflat of Ganghwa Island has decreased by 7.8% compared to a study conducted twenty years ago employing the same method. This study shows that there can be considerable differences in the results of habitat carrying capacity estimation between different methods, indicating that various environmental factors that affect the estimation results of habitat carrying capacity must be considered to achieve a more precise analysis and assessment.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

This study examined the habitat status of wild birds at closed-trails and the control group of opened-trails in the national park of the Baekdudaegan mountains. After evaluating each area based on this, it's aimed at being utilized as basic data for future national park management and opening of trails. Upon field investigations and analyzing existing literary materials, it was found that there were a total of 76 bird species living around the trails. Among them, it was confirmed that 60 species can breeding and 10 species are protected by law. Upon assessing the scores of each area according to the evaluation standards of this study, Area I had 7 scores, area II had 13 scores, area III had 5 scores, and area IV had 16 scores, showing that the control group open-trail area IV between Jeongryeongchi and Seongsamjae had the highest score, and that area III of Wolyeongdae~Chotdaebong~Daeyasan~Miljae~Wolyeongdae had the lowest score. Evaluation of closed-trail according to wild bird species (Avifauna) was attempted in this study, but there were more bird species living in open-trails, while also having higher evaluation scores. Therefore, if opening trail is needed in the future due to excessive desires of visitors or inevitable social demands, it is judged that various environmental factors including mammals highly affected by people should be evaluated to open up the sector with the lowest score. Also, it is judged that through methods such as reservation systems, the number of visitors should be controlled or night-time hikes should be prohibited so that nocturnal wildlife can freely use the trails.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonal distribution of insects, birds, fishes, and benthos for Gongji stream in Chuncheon and to explore some strategies towards creating a desirable close-to-nature stream. The number of species occurred in the study stream was 23 for butterflies and 149 for other insects, 23 for birds, 15 for fishes, and 47 for benthos. The study stream was dominated by Artogenia rapae, Polygonia caureum, Cyntia cardui for butterflies, and Passer montanus, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos for birds. The dominant species were Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Zacco plutypus, Carassius auratus for fishes, and Limnodrilus sp. 2, Chiranumus sp. 2, Hydropsyche KUb for benthos. Attracting insect species of higher density requires planting of host plant species and stabilization of plant coverage against disturbances. To enhance species diversify and density of birds, it is desirable to provide diverse habitats including preservation of downstream wetland and natural vegetation, creation of sand bars and islands with sand and gravel, and restriction or traffic passing and parking. Restoring fish and benthos habitats needs improvement of water quality, layout of gravels and stones on sand-dominant streambed, and use of close-to-nature revetment techniques.

• 농촌계획
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

A purpose of this study is to develop practical indexes for improving a village environment in Kyongbuk, Korea. From a questionnaire survey of the public employees (71 persons) who take charge of the environment in Kyongbuk province, the indexes were produced and the contents of questionnaire consisted of preferential and supplementary indexes to apply. The preferential indexes which apply to an agricultural village and a stock raising village are environmental sanitation facilities, a hygienic check of livestock and a purge of livestock shed's surroundings. In case of mountainous village, and natural-ecological village the preferential indexes are habitat reservation for wildlife, poaching prohibition (monitoring for it), and food supplement for livestock. To the traditional-cultural village, prevention of noise pollution, environmental sanitation facilities, and a monitoring or water quality change are the prior indexes in order. For the village near city and the industrial village the preferential indexes are patrol removing of garbage, pollution index planting and monitoring for noise pollution. For a fishing village and a village fronting waterside excess uses of agricultural chemicals, monitoring for a water quality change, and realignment of green house with vinyl and warehouse. In conclusion the research presents the practical and preferential index for residents to improve their environment in accordance with village settings and suggests guidelines for further research.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.550-553
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• 2018

집박쥐(Pipistrellus abramus)는 인간의 주거 지역을 중심으로 서식하는 대표적인 종으로, 우리나라에 광범위하게 분포하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 박쥐류가 유사한 크기의 다른 포유동물보다 상대적으로 긴 수명을 가지는 것에 반하여 집박쥐는 매우 짧은 수명을 가지는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 지금까지 집박쥐의 장기 수명에 관한 내용으로는 암컷 5년, 수컷 3년의 확인 기록이 전부였다. 그러나 본 연구자들은 284개체에 대한 밴딩을 통하여 지금까지 알려진 집박쥐의 최대 수명보다 2배 이상 생존한 개체를 재포획 하였으며, 그 결과를 정리하였다. 집박쥐는 인간의 생활권과 가장 밀접한 종으로 서식지의 환경은 본 종의 수명에 직접적인 영향을 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 향후 서식지 환경에 따른 수명과의 연계성에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되며, 본 자료는 집박쥐의 장기 생존과 수명에 관한 국내 첫 보고로써 향후 박쥐의 수명에 관한 기초 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.