• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2016

Background: Asymmetry of the infraorbital rim can be caused by trauma, congenital or acquired disease, or insufficient reduction during a previous operation. Such asymmetry needs to be corrected because the shape of the infraorbital rim or midfacial skeleton defines the overall midfacial contour. Methods: The study included 5 cases of retruded infraorbital rim. All of the patient underwent restoration of the deficient volume using polyethylene implants between June 2005 and June 2011. The infraorbital rim was accessed through a subciliary approach, and the implants were placed in subperiosteal space. Surgical outcomes were evaluated using preoperative and postoperative computed tomography studies. Results: Implant based augmentation was associated with a mean projection of 4.6 mm enhancement. No postoperative complications were noted during the 30-month follow-up period. Conclusion: Because of the safeness, short recovery time, effectiveness, reliability, and potential application to a wide range of facial disproportion problems, this surgical technique can be applied to midfacial retrusion from a variety of etiologies, such as fracture involving infraorbital rim, congenital midfacial hypoplasia, lid malposition after blepharoplasty, and skeletal changes due to aging.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1995

Free grafting of oral mucosa for minor oral reconstruction was first described by Propper in ridge extension surgery. Situation calling for mucosal grafting procedures may relate to periodontal surgery, minor and major preprosthetic surgery, implant surgery, reconstruction in deformity cases after trauma, congenital cleft, gross atrophy and ablative tumor surgery. In the cases of 9 patients with mucosal defect of intraoral or orbital cavity after wide excision of tumor, preprosthetic surgery, and orbitoplasty, full-thickness mucosal graft were used to close a large defect. Four patients received buccal mucosal graft for preprosthetic surgery or orbitoplasty, one patient had benign tumor and the others had malignant tumors located on the palate or upper alveolus. Buccal mucosal graft donor site morbidity and trismus were minimal and healing of surgical defect was satisfactory. So we present the case with review of literatures.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1999

목적 : 연부조직종양을 제거한 직후 조직내 방사선치료용 도관을 삽입하여 근접방사선치료를 시행했던 증례들을 토대로 고선량율 조직내 방사선치료의 시술방법, 치료시기, 선량, 및 부작용 등에 대해 논의 하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 1995년 5월에서 1997년 12월까지 10명의 원발성 혹은 재발성의 연부조직종양 환자가 종양의 제한적 절제술 후에 조직내 방사선치료 및 외부방사선치료를 시행받았다. 종양을 제거한 직후 도관을 종양이 있었던 자리에 1~l.5cm 간격으로 삽입하였고 종양 가까이에 신경혈관속 혹은 뼈가 있었던 경우에는 젤폼, 근육, 혹은 tissue expander로 덮어 이들 중요 구조물들과 도관이 적어도 0.5cm 간격을 유지하도록 하였다. 조직내 방사선치료는 이리디움-192가 장착된 고선량율 근접방사선치료기를 사용하여 수술 후 6일째부터 시작하였고 동위원소의 중심축으로부터 1cm 거리에 총 12~15Gy(2~2.SGy/fraction)를 일일 2회씩 3일간 시행하였다. 수술 후 한 달 이내에 외부방사선치료를 시행하였으며 총 50~55Gy를 조사하였다. 결과 : 모든 환자가 감염이나 출혈과 같은 근접방사선치료와 직접 관련된 부작용 없이 계획되어진 조직내 방사선치료를 마쳤다. 중앙 추적관찰기간 25개월째(범위 12~41개월)까지 국소재발은 관찰되지 않았고 RTOG/EORTC 등급 3 혹은 4의 만성 부작용도 없었다. 결론 : 주위정상조직에 조사되는 방사선량을 최소화하면서 수술 후 단기간 내에 시행할 수 있는 고선량율 조직내 방사선치료는 연부조직종양의 제한적 수술 후의 치료방법으로써 안전하고 손쉽게 이용할 수 있으며 또한 치료효과 및 부작용 측면에서도 우수한 치료방법이다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2008

연구목적: 골유착성 임플랜트를 이용한 치료가 초기의 완전 무치악 증례에 도입된 이후 장기간의 임상 관찰 결과 높은 성공률이 보고되고 있으며, 점차 부분 무치악 및 단일치 상실 증례 등의 다양한 영역으로 확대되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 임플랜트에 가해지는 저작압은 임플랜트와 주위 골에 축 방향 힘 (axial force)과 다양한 측방 모멘트 (bending moments)를 일으키는데 이러한 응력의 적절한 분산이 치료의 성공에 큰 영향을 미치게 한다. 이번 연구의 목적은 하악 구치부가 부분 무치악일 때 외측연결 방식과 내측연결 방식의 임플랜트로 수복함에 있어 상부 보철물의 연결 (splinting)이 임플랜트와 주위 골로의 응력분산에 미치는 영향을 삼차원 유한요소 분석을 통해 비교해보고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 외측연결 방식과 내측연결 방식의 대표적인 2종의 임플랜트를 선정하였고 각각 8.5mm와 13mm 길이에 대하여 실험하였다. 임플랜트는 외측연결 방식을 대표하는 브레네막 시스템을, 내부연결 방식을 대표하는 ITI 임플랜트를 연구재료로 선택하였다. 각각의 임플랜트는 구치부에서 골양이 허용되는 한 추천되는 넓은 직경 (wide diameter)의 임플랜트 (4.8-5.3mm)를 이용하였다. 이러한 4종류의 임플랜트 모형에서 제1대구치와 제2대구치 금관의 연결 여부에 따라 총 8개의 실험 군으로 분류하였다. 하중은 수직하중 및 수평하중을 각각 100N씩 하악 제1대구치 임플랜트 보철부위 (금관부)에 가하였고 금관의 연결여부에 따라 임플랜트와 주위골에 응력이 분산되는 양상을 관찰하였다. 삼차원 유한요소분석을 위한 하악골모형 제작에는 Hypermesh (Altair Engineering Inc., Troy, MI, USA)를 사용하였고 응력해석을 위해서는 PAM-CRASH 2G version 2005 (ESI, France), 포스트프로세싱을 위해서는 PAM-VIEW version 2005 (ESI, France)을 이용하였다. 여러 응력값 중에서 대표적인 등가응력 (von Mises stress)을 이용하여서 응력분포를 비교분석하였다. 연구결과: 내부연결방식과 외부연결방식 모두 상부의 금관을 연결함에 따라 임플랜트와 주위골로 전해지는 응력값이 감소하였다. 그리고 응력값이 감소하는 정도는 외부연결방식에서 더 크게 나타났다. 하지만 두 방식 모두 금관연결에 따른 응력 감소 효과는 임플랜트 길이 증가에 의해 영향 받지는 않았다. 이번 실험에서 상부 보철물이 연결되지 않은 상태에서 제1대구치 부위에 수직방향 또는 수평방향의 하중을 가했을 때 외부연결방식에서 더 많은 양의 응력이 주변 피질골의 상부 좁은 부위로 전달되었다. 하지만 상부 보철물을 연결한 상태에서 하중을 가한 경우에는 외부연결방식에서 하중 측인 제1대구치 부위에서 나타나던 상부 피질골에서의 응력 집중이 많이 감소한 것을 보여주었다. 또 한 비하중 측인 제 2대구치 부위에서의 응력분산도 외부연결방식에서 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 비해 내부연결방식에서는 하중 측인 제 1대구치 부위에서 지대주 나사를 따라 높게 나타나던 응력값의 중등도 감소 효과를 나타내었고 연결된 제2대구치 부위로의 응력분산 효과도 작았다. 결론: 하악 구치부가 결손한 하악골에 내부연결방식과 외부연결방식을 대표하는 두 가지 종류의 임플랜트를 선택하여 상부 금관의 연결이 임플랜트와 주위 골의 응력 분산에 미치는 영향에 대하여 삼차원 유한요소분석을 하였다. 이러한 실험 결과를 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 8.5mm와 13mm에 대해서 응력 분포는 거의 동일하게 나타나고, von Mises stress 최대값 또한 거의 유사하였다. 2. 수직하중에서는 근심측에서 응력이 집중되었고 수평하중에서는 근, 원심측이 비슷한 크기의 응력을 보였다. 3. 내부연결방식에서는 지대주 나사의 벽면을 따라서 응력이 분산되는 양상을 보였으나 외부연결방식에서는 지대주에 눌리는 임플랜트 상부 부위에 응력이 집중되었다. 4. 금관을 연결함에 따라 임플랜트와 주위골로 전달되는 응력 값은 두 방식 모두 감소하는 모습을 보였으나 응력 값이 감소하는 정도는 내부연결방식에 비해 외부연결방식에서 더 크게 나타났다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2005

최근까지 개발되었던 청각 보조기 중에서 공기 전도형 보청기의 하울링 (howling) 현상과 수술 후 이소골 등 기존 음향계의 재생이 불가능한 인공 와우 (cochlear implant system)의 단점을 해결하고, 동시에 청음 명료도가 높은 음성 신호를 전달하기 위한 수단으로 연구된 것이 인공중이 (implantable middle ear hearing device) 이다. 본 연구에서는 인공중이의 음성 신호 재현을 위한 진동 장치인 차동전자 트랜스듀서 (differential electromagnetic transducer, DET)에 대한 수학적 모형화와 계의 진동을 기술하는 운동방정식을 유도하고 그 해를 구하였다. 제한된 크기와 인가 전류 $1\;mA_{rms}$ 정현파에서 최대 구동력을 얻기 위해서 전자기력에 대한 유한요소해석을 수행하였고, 결과에 의해서 자석과 코일에 대한 최적 크기를 결정하였다. 사람의 중이 내 등자뼈 (stapes)의 진동 특성과 유사한 진동을 갖는 DET를 설계하기 위해서, 진동막의 강성계수를 변화하면서 진동해석을 시뮬레이션 하였다. 설계된 DET는 마이크로 머시닝 기술에 의해서 제작하였고, 그 진동 특성을 측정 하였다. 최종적으로 측정된 진동 특성에 대한 분석을 통하여 인공중이를 위한 진동 장치로서의 적용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of a bovine hydroxyapatite/collagen (BHC) block in one-wall intrabony periodontal defects in dogs. Methods: A one-wall intrabony periodontal defect (4 mm wide and 5 mm deep) was prepared bilaterally at the mesial side of the mandibular fourth premolar in five beagle dogs. After thorough root planing, block-type BHC ($4{\times}5{\times}5$ mm) was placed on one side. The contralateral defect area did not receive any material as a sham-surgery control. Histological analysis of the sites was performed after an 8-week healing period. Results: Two of five samples in the experimental group healed well without dissipation of the graft materials, and histological analysis revealed excellent regeneration of the periodontal tissues. However, most of the grafted materials had been displaced in the other three samples, leaving only a small portion of the graft. The measured parameters exhibited large standard deviations, and the mean values did not differ significantly between the experimental and sham-surgery control sides. Conclusions: The application of BHC alone-without a barrier membrane-to wide, one-wall intrabony periodontal defects yielded inconsistent results regarding both periodontal regeneration and substantivity of the graft materials. Thus, the use of a barrier membrane for noncontained-type defects is recommended to improve the stability of the grafted material, and to condense it.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.116-131
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• 2017

Purpose: The entry of bacteria or harmful substances through the epithelial seal of human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs) in the junctional epithelium (JE) is blocked by specialized intercellular junctions such as E-cadherin junctions (ECJs). However, the influence of roughened substrates, which may occur due to apical migration of the JE, root planing, or peri-implantitis, on the development of the ECJs of HGKs remains largely unknown. Methods: HGKs were cultured on substrates with varying levels of roughness, which were prepared by rubbing hydrophobic polystyrene dishes with silicon carbide papers. The activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was inhibited with SP600125 or by transfection with JNK short hairpin RNA. The development of intercellular junctions was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy or confocal laser scanning microscopy after immunohistochemical staining of the cells for E-cadherin. The expression level of phospho-JNK was assessed by immunoblotting. Results: HGKs developed tight intercellular junctions devoid of wide intercellular gaps on smooth substrates and on rough substrates with low-nanometer dimensions (average roughness $[Ra]=121.3{\pm}13.4nm$), although the ECJs of HGKs on rough substrates with low-nanometer dimensions developed later than those of HGKs on smooth substrates. In contrast, HGKs developed short intercellular junctions with wide intercellular gaps on rough substrates with mid- or high-nanometer dimensions ($Ra=505.3{\pm}115.3nm$, $867.0{\pm}168.6nm$). Notably, the stability of the ECJs was low on the rough substrates, as demonstrated by the rapid destruction of the cell junction following calcium depletion. Inhibition of JNK activity promoted ECJ development in HGKs. JNK was closely associated with cortical actin in the regulation of ECJs in HGKs. Conclusions: These results indicate that on rough substrates with nanometer dimensions, the ECJs of HGKs develop slowly or defectively, and that this effect can be reversed by inhibiting JNK.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.35.1-35.7
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• 2018

Background: After the resection at the mandibular site involving oral cancer, free vascularized fibular graft, a type of vascularized autograft, is often used for the mandibular reconstruction. Titanium mesh (T-mesh) and particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM), however, a type of non-vascularized autograft, can also be used for the reconstruction. With the T-mesh applied even in the chin and angle areas, an aesthetic contour with adequate strength and stable fixation can be achieved, and the pores of the mesh will allow the rapid revascularization of the bone graft site. Especially, this technique does not require microvascular training; as such, the surgery time can be shortened. This advantage allows older patients to undergo the reconstructive surgery. Case presentation: Reported in this article are two cases of mandibular reconstruction using the ready-made type and custom-made type T-mesh, respectively, after mandibular resection. We had operated double blind peer-review process. A 79-year-old female patient visited the authors' clinic with gingival swelling and pain on the left mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy, a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was used to cover the intraoral defect. Fourteen months postoperatively, reconstruction using a ready-made type T-mesh (Striker-Leibinger, Freibrug, Germany) and iliac PCBM was done to repair the mandible left body defect. Another 62-year-old female patient visited the authors' clinic with pain on the right mandibular region. After wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy on the mandibular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), reconstruction was done with a reconstruction plate and a right fibula free flap. Sixteen months postoperatively, reconstruction using a custom-made type T-mesh and iliac PCBM was done to repair the mandibular defect after the failure of the fibula free flap. The CAD-CAM T-mesh was made prior to the operation. Conclusions: In both cases, sufficient new-bone formation was observed in terms of volume and strength. In the CAD-CAM custom-made type T-mesh case, especially, it was much easier to fix screws onto the adjacent mandible, and after the removal of the mesh, the appearance of both patients improved, and the neo-mandibular body showed adequate bony volume for implant or prosthetic restoration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2005

It has been suggested that morphologic characteristics of the periodontium are partly related to the shape and form of the teeth. Furthermore, the severity of symptoms of periodontal disease have been proposed to differ among these various morphologic entities or "biotypes". The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the form of the crowns in the maxillary anterior tooth segment and (1) a group of morphological characteristics and (2) the thickness of the gingiva. The thickness of gingiva was measured by ultrasonic device(SDM). 100 subjects devoid of symptoms of destructive periodontal disease were examined regarding, e.g., probing depth, gingival recession, width of keratinized gingiva, thickness of the keratinized gingiva. From maxillary study cast, the width(at the apical third-CW) and the length(CL) of the crowns of the 6 anterior teeth were determined. A CW/CL-ratio was calculated for each tooth and averaged for each tooth region. The individual mean CW/CL-ratio values for the central incisors were ranked. The 10 subjects ranked highest and the 10 ranked lowest were selected as having either a long-narrow(group N) or a short-wide(group W) form of the crown of the tooth. The data for each of the examined parameters were averaged for each tooth region in each subject and mean values for subjects in groups W and N were compared using the Student t-test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis, including data from the whole sample, was performed for each tooth region with the thickness of the free gingiva as the dependent variable. The results from the analyses demonstrated that individuals with a long-narrow form of the central incisors displayed, compared to individuals with a short-wide crown, form (l) a narrow zone of keratinized gingiva, (2) a pronounced "scalloped" contour of the gingival margin. There was no significant difference between groups N and W with respect to the thickness of the keratinized gingiva. The CW/CL-ratio data revealed that a certain form of the crowns in the central incisors was accompanied by a similar form in the lateral incisors and canine tooth region. The regression analyses demonstrated that the thickness of the keratinized gingiva in central, lateral incisors and canines was significantly related to the width of the keratinized gingiva.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.761-776
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the form of the clinical crowns in the maxillary anterior segment and the clinical feature of gingiva such as morphological characteristics and the gingival thickness. Fifty periodontally healthy subjects were clinically examined regarding the probing depth, the thickness of the free gingiva, and the width of the keratinized gingiva. From study models of the maxillary anterior region, the width at cervical third(CW) and the length(CL) of the clinical crown, the papillary height, and the gingival angle of the 6 anterior teeth were measured. Each tooth was classified into 4 groups (longnarrow, NL; narrow, N; wide, W; short-wide, WS) according to CW/CL ratio and all the data were compared between groups NL and WS using independent t-test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed for each tooth region with the gingival thickness at the level of sulcus bottom, the width of keratinized gingiva, and gingival angle as the dependent variables. As the results, the NL group of the upper anterior teeth displayed, higher papilla height, and narrower keratinized gingiva, more acute gingival angle resulting in pronounced "scalloped" contour of the gingival margin, compared to the WS group. There was no significant difference between groups NL and WS with respect to probing depth and the gingival thickness. The regression analyses demonstrated that the gingival thickness in central incisors was significantly associated to the mesio-distal width and bucco-lingual width of the crown, and labial probing depth. The width of keratinized gingiva was significantly associated with labial probing depth in central incisors and with proximal probing depth and gingival angle in lateral incisors, and with labial and proximal probing depth, and gingival angle in canines. The gingival angle was significantly associated with papillary height and CW/CL ratio and additionally with proximal probing depth in central incisors, with the width of keratinized gingiva in lateral incisors, and with labial probing depth and the width of keratinized gingiva in canines. These results indicate that the form of clinical crown in upper anterior region could influence the clinical feature of gingiva and the influencing factors might be different according to the tooth region.