• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.219-222
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated Vi-passive hemagglutination (Vi-PHA), SD Salmonella Typhi IgG/IgM ($SD^{(R)}$ kit) and Widal test for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever patients. A total of 36 serum samples from febrile patients in Korea from 2005 to 2006 were used. Among 36 patients, 27 were fever patients without typhoid, 9 were typhoid fever. Vi-PHA showed 8 positive results out of 9 typhoid fever patients (sensitivity 88.9%) and 1 positive and 26 negative results out of 27 febrile patients without typhoid (specificity 96.3%). The sensitivity and the specificity of $SD^{(R)}$ kit were 100% and 92.6%, respectively. However, the sensitivity and the specificity of Widal O & H tests were 88.9%, 100%, and 77.8%, 70.4%, respectively. Consequently, Widal H and $SD^{(R)}$ kit showed higher sensitivity and Vi-PHA showed higher specificity. To efficient diagnosis, Vi-PHA may be sufficient diagnosis method in acute cases and $SD^{(R)}$ kit and Widal test may be sufficient in sporadic area and high risk group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-19
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• 1975

Widal Test has been performed on the patients of 1052 admitted with suspicious typhoid for 5 years (Jan. '68 Dec. '72) White blood cell count, Hematocrit and Bacterial cultures are compared with widal titer and found a slight atypical variation from the characteristic pattern of it. 1. There is frequency distribution on the age of 20-40 yrs. as far as social activity concerned. (Table 1) 2. A slight leukopenia exists on the high titer of it but no definite pattern has been found. 3. S. Typhi has been grown on the low titer of it but no growth on the high titer. 4. It ia the most important in public health view point (no definite clinical symptom, Hematological, Serological, Microbiological characteristics.)

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between group D and non-group D non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis in children. Methods: A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with NTS confirmed by culture study was performed. The clinical features and laboratory findings of group D and non-group D NTS were compared. Results: From 2003 to 2012, 75 cases were diagnosed as NTS at our center. The number of group D and non-group D patients was 45 and 30, respectively. The mean age was higher in group D than in non-group D patients (5.1 years vs. 3.4 years, p=0.038). Headaches were more frequently observed (p=0.046) and hematochezia was less frequently observed (p=0.017) in group D than in non-group D NTS gastroenteritis patients. A positive Widal test result was observed in 53.3% of group D and 6.7% of non-group D NTS cases (O-titer, p=0.030; H-titer, p=0.039). There were no differences in white blood cell counts, level of C-reactive protein and rate of antimicrobial resistance between group D and non-group D cases. Conclusion: The more severe clinical features such as headache, fever, and higher Widal titers were found to be indicative of group D NTS gastroenteritis. Additionally, group D NTS gastroenteritis was more commonly found in older patients. Therefore, old age, fever, headache, and a positive Widal test are more indicative of group D NTS than non-group D NTS gastroenteritis. Pathophysiological mechanisms may differ across serologic groups.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.387-391
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• 1986

Serum samples from 51 patients with clinically suspected typhoid fever were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM and IgA antibodies against the whole bacteria antigen of Salmonella typhi by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of IgG and IgA antibody to-whole bacteria antigen were higher in the culture-proven patients than in controls. The levels of IgM antibody to- whole bacteria antigen showed better discrimination between culture negative patients and controls than those of IgG or IgA antibody to-whole bacteria antigen. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was much more sensitive than the Widal test. It would be a useful tool for the diagnosis of typhoid fever with a single serum sample.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.155-159
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• 1997

We had experienced a case of pericarditis associated with Mycoplasma and Salmonella co-infection. This 5-year old boy presented with high fever and generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The diagnosis was based on the markedly increased serial titer of Widal test and cold agglutinin with Mycoplasma indirect hemmagglution test during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram revealed P-R interval prolongation and an echocardiogram revealed moderate pericardial effusion. The patient treated with ceftriaxone and erythromycin for 2 weeks, and responded to the treatment well. We report this case with brief review of the related literatures.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2000

Purpose : Salmonellosis including typhoid fever is still prevalent in Korea. Recently it has been reported that the incidence of salmonella gastroenteritis is increasing with a reduction of typhoid fever. We studied the clinical and laboratory features of salmonellosis. Methods : We evaluated the clinical records of 83 patients with salmonellosis who had been confirmed by stool culture from 1994 to 1999. Results : Annual incidence of salmonellosis showed an increasing tendency during recent 4 years. Seasonally, summer(45.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by fall(32.5%). Male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1. In age distribution, 64 cases(77.1%) were under 5 year-old, and 18 cases(21.7%) were younger than 1 year-old. Clinical features included diarrhea(96.4%), fever(91.6%), vomiting(49.4%), bloody stool(42.1%), abdominal pain(40.1%) and tenesmus(12.0%). In serogroups, there was no group A and group B, group C, group D(including 2 cases of S.typhi) and group E were in 41.0%(34 cases), 3.6%(3 csaes), 51.8%(43cases) and 3.6%(3 cases), respectively. In Widal test, 5 cases(13.5%) and 1 case(2.7%) of group B, C and E(total 37 cases) were observed the O titer above 1 : 80 and 1 : 320, respectively. However, in 36 cases of group D, 19 cases(52.7%) and 9 cases(25.0%) were above the O titer 1 : 80 and 1 : 320, respectively. Antibiotics resistant rates to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol were 23.2%, 10.1% and 51.4%, respectively. Conclusion : Salmonellosis has become a common cause of gastroenteritis in children, especially under the pre-school age. Isolation of salmonella is neccessary for accurate diagnosis of gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. A careful attention of the use of antibiotics is needed to reduce the muilti-drug resistant strains.