• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2021

Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has had excessively severe impacts on all the nodes and edges of any supply chain due to changes in consumer behaviours and lockdown restrictions from governments among countries. This article aims to provide a simulating experiment on how a supply chain deals with supply disruption risks by flexibility in the inventory level of each sector as a buffer considering the overall cost to fulfil demand in the market. Research design, data and methodology: Agent-based simulation techniques are used to determine the cost-efficiency and customer waiting time related to varying inventory levels of each member in the supply chain when using inventory buffers. Findings: This study has shown that any sudden changes in the inventory level of each sector are likely to impact the rest of the supply chain. Among all sectors, the wholesaler will be impacted more severely than others. Also, the manufacturing sector is the most suitable node to adjust inventory depending on its manufacturing ability. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide insightful implications for decision-makers to adjust inventory levels and policymakers to maintain manufacturing activities in the context of the pandemic restrictions to deal with the excessive demand and potential supply disruption risks.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2020

In this study, the differences of institutional development processes of fishery products wholesale markets were compared between Korea and Japan in order to suggest improvement direction of trading system in Korea. The wholesale markets have shrunk while wholesale and distribution has been becoming larger in size in both countries. A summary of differences in the wholesale market trading systems between Korea and Japan is as follows: first, middle wholesalers play pivotal roles in wholesale transaction in Korea, and wholesale corporations take such roles in Japan. Second, most wholesale corporations take charge of listing in Korea whereas such corporations are in charge of buying in Japan. Third, Korea has high proportion of auction for transactions, in contrast to Japan with high proportion of relative transactions. Forth, Korea maintains more sales within the wholesale markers and has more small and medium customers than Japan. Finally, Korea investigates inside causes to find solutions for the decreased competitive power of the wholesale market, whereas Japan copes with the problem by searching for outside customers. To seek solutions for the decreased competitiveness of Korean fishery products wholesale markets, middle wholesalers' consignment should be limitedly allowed, and improvement direction of wholesale corporations should be investigated in the future study.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2024

Purpose: Focusing on the complex supply chain operations beyond the simple dyadic relationship, this study evaluates the performance of the revenue sharing contract in three stage supply chain system. Research design, data, and methodology: The optimization model is developed to describe the supply chain system where one manufacturer, one wholesaler, and one retailer exist and pursue the maximum level of their own profits. In the numerical examples of the proposed supply chain model, two types of the revenue sharing contract, pairwise and spanning methods, are tested and their performances are compared with the traditional system. Results: The numerical analysis reveals that both types of the revenue sharing contract outperform the traditional system. All supply chain members can achieve the improved profits only when they determine the proper combination of revenue share ratios and price discount rates. Conclusions: This study finds out that both pairwise and spanning revenue sharing contracts can make the positive outcome that is acceptable to all members in three stage supply chain system. When the proper contract content is agreed among the supply chain members, the revenue sharing contract has the potential to be the practically feasible collaboration program for the multiple stage supply chain system.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.101-128
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• 1992

How to distribute fisheries catches from producer to consumer is very important for everybody joined fisheries marketing channels (FMC), because most people are influenced their revenue and expenditure through marketing channels. Many institutions in Korea after 1960's have tried to develop the rationalization of FMC, but they have not gotten the satisfactory results in general in spite of a lot fruits. Comparing with general manufacturing industry, the fisheries industry has some specializations in the marketing channels. It makes them unique structure included wholesale market system similiar to fresh (perishable) food market with expertised technology. Wholesale market collects, distributes the fisheries catches and evaluates in by auction or bidding without consideration of producer's opinion. It is very necessary institution to make a decision to equatible price for fresh food and to play an important role for marketing effectiveness with minimum total transation and with massed reserve among institutions. But it has two weak points to increase the marketing cost and to make products bad fresh (perishable). Therefore, both Producer and consumer want to find the direct channels not to pass through wholesale market and to get more profit. I wanted to explain what problems of traditional FMC are and why the direct channel is necessary as follows in this paper. Chapter II : The types and specialization of FMC Chapter III : The structure and problem of fisheries wholesale market channel Chapter IV Marketing cost of FMC and direct channel I suggested when the direct channel in FMC is designed, new planner must carry out marketing functions which are performanced by wholesaler, middle man and the joined members of auction at wholesale market. In view of consumption area, these functions are : (1) the finding of production partner to make a business ; (2) communication of information ; (3) collecting ; (4) distribution ; (5) selecting and grading ; (6) evaluating ; (7) financing and payment ; (8) organization, in view of consumption area. The government must support also the group or individual of new direct channels to succeed it with (1) furnishing of market information (2) supplying of land and facility (3) financing (4) feed-back of dierct channels totally (5) making an opportunity of communication between producer and consumer. I want to emphasize again wholesale market is necessary and important institution for equatible price of fresh food in spite of the its weak points. At the same time. the direct channels are necessary to reduce the marketing cost and to keep better fresh food.

• 정보학연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2004

본 연구는 에어리어 마케팅 전략개념을 정형화하고 소주시장에 적용하여 경험적 사례를 개발하기 위한 목적으로 진행하였다. 국내의 지역 시장에 중심으로 진행되는 주류업체의 실천적 마케팅 수단을 개발하기위한 환경 분석을 필두로 구체적인 마케팅 수단의 개발과 적용에 에어리어 마케팅의 단계별 절차와 내용을 적용하였다. (주)진로 참이슬을 중심으로 국내 7개의 권역으로 구분된 에어리어 마케팅을 통해 뚜렷한 성과를 얻었다. 시장점유율의 신장은 1998년 38%에서 2000년 51.4%를 나타낸 이후 지속적인 확대를 꾀한 결과 2004년 11월 현재 55.3%를 나타내는 커다란 성과를 얻었다. 또한 에어리어 마케팅 성과로 지역별 시장점유율의 확대를 꾀한 바, 수도권을 비롯한 충남과 충북, 전북 등의 지방 권역에서도 시장지위를 회복하는 결과를 얻었으며 지역적으로 편향된 소주 브랜드의 이미지를 개선하고 고객관계개선에 있어서도 커다란 변화를 나타내는 등 효과를 얻었다. 소주 업계 사례를 통해 에어리어 마케팅전략의 중요성과 실천영역을 제시하기 위한 노력에도 불구하고 앞으로 연구는 보다 확장된 범위와 정교한 연구모형을 통해 실증적 연구시도가 요구된다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2008

With the corporate environment nowadays being surrounded by plenty of information, the sharing of information among businesses through mutual cooperation tops the list of hot issues. Predictions of demands from the customer, business, or consumer by sharing information can affect the inventory and order production system. However, notwithstanding the importance of sharing information, empirical studies on quantitative use of information still remain insufficient in spite of many a discussion now being made on the sharing of information. This paper proposes to examine the ways meteorological information may affect the rises in the achievements of supply chains in distributive businesses, the kind of information that noticeably affects the consumer behavioral patterns in the distributive businesses but rarely perceived as a form of information shared by businesses. This study is based on a model in which meteorological information has been added as the one used to predict demands, after the beer distribution game has been modified to fit the current status, and simulations under an assumptive situation, where decisions are made on a daily basis, were conducted 50 times for a period of 1000 days for the generalization of the results, while at the same time a Duncan Test was conducted to determine the threshold to use the meteorological information that will be most profitable to the retailer, wholesaler, supplier and the supply chain as a whole. Our findings indicate that corporations have thresholds that vary from business to business depending upon the ratio of backlog costs to inventory costs. At the same time, our findings also show that there existed effective thresholds depending upon the ratio of backlog costs to inventory costs for the performance of the overall supply chain.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.92-113
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• 2000

Products liability refers to the liability of any or all parties along the chain of manufacture of any product for damage caused by that product. This includes the manufacturer of component parts (at the top of the chain), an assembling manufacturer, the wholesaler, and the retail store owner (at the bottom of the chain). Products containing inherent defects that cause harm to a consumer of the product, or someone to whom the product was loaned, given, etc., are the subjects of products liability suits. The goal of products liability system should be to maximize consumer welfare by efficiently providing just compensation for injuries incurred and deterring future injuries without unreasonably impeding the supply of the goods and services to consumers. Some advanced countries, apart from relying on products liability systems, also apply other policies and legislation directly aimed at the safety of the consumer. The application of general safety policies as well as products liability rules is not costless. An efficient system will not eliminate risk from society. An efficient system ... that maximises consumer welfare ... maximises the benefits while minimising the costs. Products liability claims can be based on negligence, strict liability, or breach of warranty of fitness depending on the jurisdiction where the claim is based. In view of international business and law circumstances, it should be stressed that international enterprises in Korea should consider how to cope with the situation of international transaction. International enterprises should have a correct perception about products liability which is to contribute the stabilization and improvement of the people's life and the sound develpement of the national economy. Products liability system creates incentives that influence behaviour and performance in ways that are desirable, such as more diligent monitoring to prevent defective products from reaching the market-place. At the same time, any liability system will impose burdens that are undesirable, such as greater costs imposed on business and consumers and reduced avaiability of consumer goods. The concern for society is to balance. The ideal situation is where the cost imposed on producers of goods and services pushes them to a desirable level of care but not so far that producers reach undesirable level of caution that may deprive consumers unnecessarily of the benefits from new and innovative products.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2008

본 연구는 국내 제약 산업의 현황과 유통시스템을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내 제약 산업 유통시스템의 문제점을 찾아내고 그에 따른 개선점도 동시에 제시하였다. 연구는 국내 제약 산업의 유통시스템을 개선하기 위해서 국내 제약 제조의 선도기업인 'J'기업의 10가지 유통시스템을 대상으로 조사하였으며 그에 따른 유통시스템의 개선점도 찾을 수 있었다. 본 연구는 'J'기업의 2008년 4월 1일부터 7월 31일까지의 내부 보고서를 중심으로 자료를 수집하였으며 또한 지속적인 담당자 면접을 통해 유통시스템의 문제를 밝혀냈다. 그 결과 의약공급 유통시스템의 문제점으로 첫째, 직접 판매 비즈니스의 부정적 효과를 가졌고 둘째, 생계유지형의 영세한 구조였다. 셋째, 도매유통이 넘쳐나고 불법적인 거래가 보편적이었다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 몇 가지 대안이 시급히 마련되어야 한다. 첫째, 도매유통시스템의 역할과 기능을 더욱 강화해야 하며 둘째, 도매유통시스템 관리자의 신중한 유통시스템의 재설계가 필요하다. 셋째, 상적 유통이 더 업그레이드(upgrade) 되어야 하며 넷째, 물적 유통 또한 추가적인 업그레이드가 필요하다. 마지막으로 의약공급 유통시스템 문제 해결을 위해서 투명하고 활동적인 정보시스템이 반드시 이루어져야 함을 제시한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제10D권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2003

제품을 생산하고 공급하는데 소요되는 주문리드타임과 달리 주문이 처리되는데 소요되는데 지연되는 것을 정보리드타임이라고 하는데, 이는 공급체인에서 개별기업들이 수요예측의 변동폭을 높이게 되며 이것이 바로 비용 상승요인으로 작용하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 직렬형 가치사슬에서 정보리드타임이 공급체인 시스템에 주는 영향을 알아본다. 특별히, MIT 시뮬레이션 모형을 동해서 실험을 수행하며, 아래와 같은 두 가지의 이슈를 다룬다. 첫째는 비용-이익 관점에서 물류 리드타임보다 정보리드타임의 개선이 효과적인가\ulcorner 둘째는 정보리드타임이 고객에게 보다 인접한 기업(downstream)이 고객하고 떨어져 있는 기업(upstream)보다 비용을 크게 상승시키고 있는지에 대한 물음이다. 사례 분석에서는 공급체인상의 개변기업들이 갖는 정보리드타임의 중요성을 지적하고, 개별기업간의 정보리드타임의 차이 분석을 통해서 고객의 수요와 요구를 직접 받는 기업에서 정보리드타임의 중요성이 큼을 인증하고 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.792-798
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• 2014

The distribution channel of meat by-products from the pig farm to the final consumer can include a meat processor, wholesale market, wholesaler, retailer, and butcher shop. Bacterial contamination at any of these steps remains to be a serious public health concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution channel and microbial characteristics of pig by-products in Korea. Upon evaluation of pig by-products in cold storage, we found that the small and large intestine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in pH value compared to the heart and liver. The total plate counts were not significantly different among offals until cold storage for 7 d. The coliform count after 1 d of cold storage was significantly (p<0.05) higher in small and large intestine than in the other organs. The coliform count of heart, liver, and stomach showed a higher coliform count than small and large intestine until 7 d of cold storage. As determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, contamination of major pig by-products with Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., and other bacterial species occurred. Therefore, our results suggest that a more careful washing process is needed to maintain quality and hygiene and to ensure the safety of pig by-products, especially for small and large intestine.