• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2003

General drug prices involve three stages: shipment stage, wholesaler stage and retail stage. Policies on drug price differ from country to country. Shipment stage prices are tightly regulated in countries like France and Netherlands. They are free in only a minority of advanced countries, even if these include some major players such as the US, Germany and, in a very limited sense, Japan. The situation in the UK is very complex with a semi-free system, where drug companies are free to set their own prices but cannot exceed a predetermined profit ceiling. Mark-up at both wholesaler and retail stages is formally admitted in most countries observed. Apart from the general drug prices, reimbursement price of insured drugs has been major policy concerns. Most countries reviewed in this study has exerted some control over reimbursement prices, but differ both in the way how and in the extent to which prices are admitted or fixed. Price fixing has been used in France and Japan. Some countries have transformed their system over time, particularly to move to reference pricing in the last decade. This mechanism has empowered the customer, and improved price competition on the market. Referring to the drug price policies in the advanced countries, this study makes some suggestions for the redirection of Korean price policy for reimbursement drug in health insurance as follows: to match appropriate policy tools to each policy goal; to maximize market mechanism through effective reimbursement price fixing which admits mark-ups in wholesaler and retail prices; to introduce reference pricing system in order to redirect patient's demand with a financial incentive to choose the best-priced drugs and to save the finance of health insurance; and to strengthen surveillance and monitoring mechanism in the drug market.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2000

본 연구는 소비자와 생산자는 물론이고 유통종사자까지도 모두 이익을 볼 수 있는 과학적이고 합리적인 등급화 방안의 모색을 위해 복숭아 생산자, 유통종사자, 소비자의 등급화에 대한 실태 및 의향을 조사 분석하여 각 주체의 입장차이를 조화시킬 수 있는 방안을 도출함을 목적으로 하고 있다. 1997년부터 1999년까지 3년에 걸쳐 생산농가, 소비자 및 유통종사자를 대상으로 면접청취조사와 질문지법을 병행하여 복숭아 농가 등급화실태, 소비실태 및 소비의향, 유통실태를 조사하였다. 현행 등급 기준으로 가장 중요시하는 것은 생산농가에서는 무게를, 유통종사자 및 소비자는 색깔로 나타났으며, 무게와 색깔은 복숭아를 먹어보기 전에 맛을 예측하는 방법으로 향후 비파괴 당도선별이 가능할 경우에는 생산농가, 유통종사자, 소비자 모두가 당도를 1순위로 선택하였다. 특히 소비자는 당도를 가장 중요시하며 소량구입 및 소포장 상자규격을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 소비자를 비롯하여 생산자 및 유통종사자들 모두가 이익을 얻을 수 있는 바람직한 복숭아 표준화, 등급화를 이룰 수 있는 세부포장규격을 신설하고 등급을 당도와 무게 범위로 표시하는 이원적인 체계가 시행될 수 있도록 등급을 세분화할 필요성이 대두되고 있다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.183-208
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• 2004

최근 영세한 국내 의약품 유통시장을 근대화하고 유통질서 확립을 위해 도매상 기능의 강화와 도매상과 약국간 협력체계 확립의 중요성에 대한 정부와 업계의 관심이 높아지고 있다 본 연구는 의약품 유통경로에서의 도매상과 소매상간 관계특성 변수들을 파악하고 이들 변수들과 협력간 관계를 실증분석 하였다. 기존 연구와 이론적 배경을 토대로 의약품 유통경로에서의 관계특성 변수들로 관계주의, 보상적 힘, 신뢰, 의존을 선정하고 이들 변수들과 협력과 만족간 관계를 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 보상적 힘을 제외한 관계특성 변수들은 협력에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 협력은 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 의약품 유통경로에서 도매상과 중소형 약국간 협력관계를 강화시킬수 있는 방안들을 제시하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1171-1179
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• 2013

오늘날 웰니스 시대를 맞이하면서 한약재 시장에 관한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 구기자 한약재를 대상으로 유통경로상에서 한약재 도매상과 한의원간의 관계특성, 만족 및 협력관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 조사방법은 설문지를 이용한 기술조사방법에 해당되며, 119부를 통계분석에 활용하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 한약재 도매상에 대한 한의원의 관계특성(관계주의, 신뢰, 보상력, 의존)은 만족에 정(+)의 영향관계에 있음을 확인하였다. 둘째, 한약재 도매상에 대한 한의원의 만족은 협력에 정(+)의 영향관계로 나타났다. 셋째, 만족이 관계특성과 협력 간에 있어서 매개효과 분석 결과는 관계주의와 보상력만 지지되어 부분적으로 채택되었다. 협력연구의 차별적 의의는 부존자원이 빈약한 우리나라에서 탐색비용, 기회주의, 불확실성의 감소 등 내부적 관리비용의 절감을 낳을 수 있는 경영관리적 가치를 지닌다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.189-204
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to analyze consumers' consumption behavior of environment-friendly mandarin and attributes of mandarin in Korea. It is also to measure consumers' marginal willingness to pay by the attributes of mandarin and to estimate the market-share by products of mandarin from the data surveyed by a survey research company. The questionnaires for consumers were given randomly by interview to 500 married women lived in Seoul and to 200 wholesaler in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Kwangju. The conjoint analysis method was used to analyze consumers' preference and suggest several implications for the rational production and marketing policy of mandarin.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2009

It is often to apply revenue sharing models in rental industries which consist of a retailer and a wholesaler. This research analyzed the influences to profit of the supply chain if we adopt the revenue sharing model when the demand is uncertain and price sensitive. We found the conditions of the revenue sharing model to maximize the profit of the supply chain, and identified incentive compatible conditions for revenue sharing. It is proved that vertical integration guarantees maximization of profit for the supply chain. Also we found that it is possible to derive Incentive compatible schemes by controlling ranges of revenue sharing ratios.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.129-150
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• 2001

In this study, we model a decentralized supply chain system which is managed by four types of centers, sequentially located: Retailer, Wholesaler, Distributor, and Factory Each center contributes to enhancing the performance of the supply chain system individually with its own local inventory information. Through experiments which are performed with a programmed simulation (like the MIT beer game), we investigate how the information lead time improvement in each center affects the whole system. And we show that the impact of the lead time improvement in the downstream, like retailers, affects more to the system than the one in the upstream, like factories, in a cost-effective way. Moreover, by using information lead time for each center, we analyze how much the extent of the improvement affects the whole system, especially for the total cost and the order level.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of customer perception about service physical evidence and process quality by liquor wholesaler on customer satisfaction and maintaining business relationship. Also this paper tries to find out the moderating effect of relational duration on those service qualities and deal satisfaction. Based on the responses from 53 stores, the result of multiple regression analysis appears as follow that (1) the perception of intangible service quality is positively related to deal satisfaction, (2) deal satisfaction is positively related to maintaining business, and (3) the interaction of relational duration and each perception of service qualities is significant.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2014

본 연구는 공급자(supplier)가 중간 유통자(wholesaler/retailer)의 수요 증대를 목적으로 중간 유통자의 주문량에 따라 차별적으로 외상 기간을 허용한다는 기본적인 가정 하에 중간 유통자의 재고 모형을 다루었다. 문제 분석을 위하여 최종 고객(customer)의 수요는 중간 유통자의 재고 수준에 따라 선형적(linearly)으로 증가한다는 가정하에 모형을 분석하였고, 모형 분석을 통하여 중간 유통자의 이익을 최대화하는 경제적 주문주기와 경제적 주문량 결정 방법을 제시하고, 예제를 통하여 그 제시된 해법의 타당성을 보였다.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Introduction: To analyze the impact of marketing losses on efficiency in transacting banana in Kurnool district of SRZ in Andhra Pradesh and to assess the opinions of the farmers on the constraints in transacting banana. Research back ground, Materials and Methods: The study relies exclusively on primary information obtained from the banana farmers of Kurnool District. Purposive sampling procedure was followed for the selection of the study area. Top two mandals in the district and top two villages in each mandal are selected in accordance with the area under cultivation of banana. Probability proportion to size was followed regarding the selection of sample farmers and accordingly 60 marginal, 37 small and 23 other farmers were selected and thereby, the total sample size was 120. Result and Discussion: Three marketing channels were identified in the marketing of banana in Kurnool district viz., Producer ${\rightarrow}$ Local-exporter ${\rightarrow}$ Wholesaler ${\rightarrow}$ Retailer ${\rightarrow}$ Consumer (Channel-I), Producer ${\rightarrow}$ Wholesaler ${\rightarrow}$ Cart-vendor ${\rightarrow}$ Consumer (Channel-II) and Producer ${\rightarrow}$ Juice-holder ${\rightarrow}$ Consumer (Channel-III). With the inclusion of marketing losses in the price spread analysis of banana in all the three channels, the marketing costs of all the intermediaries were increased and thereby, the farmer's share in consumer's rupee and Net Marketing Margins of the agencies are on the decline. So, without inclusion of marketing losses, the farmer's share in consumer's rupee and Net Marketing Margins of all the agencies are overvalued. The higher the marketing losses, the more is the negative impact on farmer's net selling price, net marketing margins of the intermediaries and marketing efficiency. The sample farmers are facing major problems in marketing of banana like frequent price fluctuations, unorganized marketing and lack of transportation facilities on priority basis. Suggestions: It is suggested to educate the farmers regarding the optimum maturity index for harvest, use of mechanical harvesters, proper placement of fruits during storage and ripening, better packaging and cushioning technologies to absorb shocks during transportation, strengthening of storage facilities and transport facilities, encourage co-operative marketing etc., to promote marketing efficiency of banana in the study area.