• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1979

Bone scans with $^{99m}Tc$-MDP (methylene diphosphonate) was analysed in 112 patients with various type of biopsy proven malignant tumor who visited Seoul National University Hospital from March 1979 to August 1979. The results were as follows; 1. Of the 112 cases, bone scans were positive in 61 cases (54.1%), while only 27 cases (24.1%) were positive in roentgenogram. 2. Of the 61 cases with positive bone scan, bone metastases were found in 25 cases by roentgenogram. Of the 51 cases with negative bone scan, bone metastasis was found in only 1 case by roentgenogram. 3. In comparison of bone scan and roentgenogram by number of regions, 137 regions were positive in bone scan or roentgenogram. Of these, 46 regions (33.5%) were both bone scan and roentgenogram positive, 89 regions (65.0%) were bone scan positive roentgenogram negative, and 2 regions were bone scan negative roentgenogram positive. 4. Bone scan and roentgenographic findings had significant correlation with the presence of bone pain but no significant correlation with the elevated level of serum alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Ca, and P. From above result, we found that bone scan was more sensitive than roentgenogram in early detection of bone metastasis in malignant tumors.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2018

Background: According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) accounted for 32% of all nonfatal injury and illness cases in 2014 among full-time workers. Our objective was to review and summarize the evidence linking occupational exposures to vibration and awkward posture with MSDs of the shoulder and neck. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the terms musculoskeletal disorders, vibration, and awkward posture. All types of observational epidemiologic studies, with the exception of case reports, published during 1998-2015 were included. Databases searched were MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, Ergonomic Abstracts, NIOSHTIC-2, and Health and Safety Science Abstracts. Results: Occupational exposures to whole-body or hand-arm vibration were significantly associated with or resulted in MSDs of the shoulder and neck. Awkward postures while working were also associated with MSDs in these locations. These findings were consistent across study designs, populations, and countries. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to vibration and awkward posture are associated with shoulder and neck MSDs. Longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these associations, and intervention studies are warranted.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

The bioelectrical impedance (BI) for the young and the elderly was measured using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). First, while applying a current of $600{\mu}A$ to the foot and hand, BI was measured at 50 frequencies ranging from 5 to 1000 kHz. The BI for young subjects was considerably lower than that for old subjects since young subjects have more lean mass (hydration). The prediction marker was 0.74 for young subjects and 0.78 for old subjects. Second, a Cole-Cole diagram was obtained for young subjects and old subjects, indicating the different characteristic frequencies. At 50 kHz, the average phase angle was $7.8^{\circ}$ for young subjects whereas that was $6.1^{\circ}$ for old subjects. Third, BIVA was analyzed for young subjects and old subjects. The vector length was 210.89 [${\Omega}/m$] for young subjects and 326.12 [${\Omega}/m$] for old subjects. At 50 kHz, the resistance (R/H) and the reactance ($X_C/H$) divided by height were 208.94 [${\Omega}/m$] and 28.68 [${\Omega}/m$] for young subject, and 324.33 [${\Omega}/m$] and 34.09 [${\Omega}/m$] for old subjects.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.48-72
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to comprehend the syndrome differentiations of dysmenorrhea and find out their clinical symptoms, tongue images and pulse patterns by analyzing previous studies. Methods: The following researches were collected by searching the medical journals published from November, 2007 to October, 2017, from KISS, OASIS, CNKI. : researches on the syndrome differentiation of dysmenorrhea, researches on the criteria of diagnosis of syndrome differentiation of dysmenorrhea, randomized controlled trials (RCT) used syndrome differentiation for treating dysmenorrhea. Results: By investigating the frequency of syndrome differentiations used in RCT studies, the frequent ones were chosen. They were qi stagnation and blood stasis (氣滯血瘀), qi-blood deficiency (氣血虛弱), congealing cold with blood stasis (寒凝血瘀), liver-kidney depletion (肝腎虧損), blood stasis with dampness-heat (濕熱瘀阻). Conclusion: 4 syndrome differentiations were frequently used in RCT studies. And the frequency of clinical symptoms on each syndrome differentiations from each RCT study was analyzed and compared. Clinical symptoms chosen as chief symptoms in more than one reference, appeared in more than half of the references, most frequent tongue images and pulse conditions were organized. The most frequent clinical symptoms included the period and pattern of pain, the accompanying symptoms of whole-body and the pattern of menstrual bleeding.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

Objective: This study was done to observe the effects on the thermal changes and side effects of Bee Venom acupuncture. The objectives are as follows; If there are remarkable local thermal changes between pre and post Bee Venom acupuncture therapy on D.I.T.I. or not. If there are those, we examine how long it' s changes are maintained, what is the adequate interval on Bee Venom acupuncture therapy, and what the reactions in a local or whole body are on that therapy. Methods: To study the local thermal changes in Bee Venom acupuncture therapy, D.I.T.I. was used. Determination of this analysis periods are pre and post-therapy(5 minutes, 1 hour, 1day,2days, 3days, 5days and 7days later). The study group was divided into two groups. One was BV group(N=19), another was NS(Normal Saline) group. The Bee Venom acupuncture was injected by 0.2ml divided into 0.05ml at the Fengmen(風門:12), Feishu(肺兪:B13), Fufen(附分:B41), Pohu(魄戶: B42) 4 points. Then, in order to analyze the clinical form, we have observed responses of 23 students whenever we checked the thermal changes of their after performing. Results: The following results were obtained. 1. In BV group, there was a significant dermatothermal difference between pre and post therapy. That difference was most remarkable in post-therapy 1 hour to lday, and was not remarkable in post-therapy 5-7days later. 2. There was no significant dermatothermal changes at NS group, but BV group had remarkable changes between operated and non operated area in post-therapy 1hour, 1day, 2days. But there was none 7 days later. 3. Among the physical reactions after Bee Venom acupuncture therapy, operated-area pain, itching, pain on moving and fatigue sign most appeared until post-therapy 3days. Itching and fatigue sign appeared until post-therapy 7days. 4. In comparison the dermatothermal changes with the physical reactions, the decrease of { CT = (Rt Temperature -Lt. Temperature) / Rt. $Temperature{\times}100$} and the disappearance of physical reactions were about the same.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권2호통권20호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

The aim of the study was to analyze recent trends of experimental studies regarding to acupuncture and moxibustion (AM) through reviewing the 492 papers in the PubMed database in order to help researchers from overlapping study on the same theme and to spur them to investigate experimental studies on AM with understanding the current flow of that. For the analysis, we include papers in which abstract was written in English. First, we performed quantitative analysis of the experimental studies using whole of the first filtrated 492 papers. From this analysis, we could obtain the followings: 'Trends of study in the most frequently appeared journals and leading authors in experimental study of AM'. 'The number of papers and name of journals by leading authors in experimental study of AM'. 'Trends of Korean papers in the most frequently appeared journals and Korean leading authors in experimental study of AM", 'Classification of experimental studies related to acupuncture and moxibustion according to intervention methods or individual country' and 'Assortment of experimental studies related to acupuncture and moxibustion in terms of intervention methods on leading countries'. Second, we collected 72 papers considering impact factor of the journal and influential effect of the papers' result for qualitative analysis, and we divided the papers into pain related one or not, because the effect of AM on pain is major subject of AM study. The results showed that experimental studies regarding to AM still has several weakness such as limited usage of acupuncture points and inclined application of electroacupucture even though there are 361 acupuncture points in the human body and various kinds of stimulation methods using traditional needles and moxibustion. Therefore, we suggest that researchers should pay more attention to the study on basic AM research creatively and systematically through strengthening and enhancing the cooperation among colleges, research institutes and hospitals. Moreover, in order to promote the basic research of the AM, it is required that we need cross-disciplinary research as well as international collaboration research.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1431-1441
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• 2006

Following conclusions were drawn from the examination of the usage of semen persicae and fols carthami from the view of Hyungsang Medicine. Semen persicae is used to vitalize the blood flow and eliminate the blood stagnation of the whole body in ${\ulcorner}$Donguibogam${\lrcorner}$, and therefor it is used for the blood flow of the heptal meridian and sometimes the intestinal meridian. Flos carthami is applied to vitalize the blood flow, remove obstructions in meridians, eliminate the blood stagnations, and stop the pain in ${\ulcorner}$Donguibogam${\lrcorner}$, therefore used in such symptoms of blood flow of the heptal meridian as amenorrhea, spasm of muscles, and coldness of the genitals. Also is applied in those cases of exhaustion, perspiration, and in digestive remedies which belong to the symptoms of cardiac blood flow. And it is used for dryness of the skin in which case the blood should be developed and malaria for the elimination of the blood stagnation and production of new blood. The combination of semen persicae and flos carthami is applied to eliminate the blood stagnation and stimulate menstrual discharge in uterus, as well as in the cases of lumbago and stomachache due to blood stagnation, blood stasis, mass in the abdomen, and abdominal distention. This combination is also used for the eyes, ears, numbness, and paralysis of hands and feet for the purpose of making the flow of the meridian smooth, and for diabetes, dryness of the skin, malaria, anal itching and pain for the purpose of eliminating the mass and renewing the tissues. The combination is diversly used in the book of ${\ulcorner}$Special lectures on clinical cases${\lrcorner}$ for the aftereffects of traffic accident, constipation, diabetes, dryness of the skin, paralysis of hands and feet, numbness of finger of hand and foot, and especially used frequently with prescription of Yijintang and Samultang combined in the cases of numbness. The prescription is used in Hyungsang medicine when the uterus, the external appearance(axis), hands and feet, heart, and the stomach is not good for the vitalization of the flow of the 12 meridians. It was though difficult to find extinguishing differences between the two herbs in the clinical cases applied in the book of ${\ulcorner}$Special lectures on clinical cases${\lrcorner}$.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2010

PET/CT검사에 있어서 CT는 해부학적인 정보를 제공할 뿐 아니라 PET영상에 대한 감약 정보를 제공하는 역할을 하고 있다. CT의 감약차를 이용하는 것으로서 검사 부위에 존재하는 여러 가지 변수에 의해 그 정도가 달라질 수 있다. 이것은 현재 본 원에서 PET/CT검사 시에 팔을 몸 옆에 두고 검사하는 것에도 적용할 수 있으며, 이에 본 논문에서는 일부 타 병원에서 시행하고 있는 팔을 머리 위로 올리고 검사하는 방법과 함께 CT값의 변화에 따른 표준섭취계수의 변화를 비교 연구했다. NEMA 1994 PET 모형의 삽입체와 모형의 부피를 고려하여 4:1의 비율로 $^{18}F$-FDG를 주입하였다. 먼저 테플론 삽입체 두 개를 NEMA 1994 PET 모형의 양 옆에 고정시켜 팔을 내리고 있는 상태를 가정하여 영상을 얻었으며 테플론 삽입체를 제거하여 팔을 머리 위로 올린 상태를 가정하여 영상을 얻었다. 앞의 과정을 거쳐 얻은 영상을 재구성 하여 Volume Viewer를 이용해 한 영상면 당 5개의 관심 체적을 설정했고 각 측정값을 평균하여 얻어낸 CT값과 표준섭취계수로 그 변화를 측정하였다. 측정된 값과 폐 관련 암환자의 간에 관심 영역을 설정하고 측정한 값을 비교하여 실제 임상 영상에서의 차이를 측정하였다. 모형 실험결과 테플론 삽입체를 부착하였을 때보다 테플론 삽입체를 부착하지 않았을 때 CT값이 -5.8 HU에서 0 HU으로 평균 5.8 HU 증가하였고 표준섭취계수는 24.64에서 24.29로 평균 0.35 감소하였다. 축방향 균일도는 0.064에서 0.052로 평균 0.012 감소하였다. 환자 실험결과 팔을 내리고 검사하였을 때보다 팔을 머리 위로 올리고 검사하였을 때 CT값은 54.1 HU에서 59.9 HU로 평균 5.8 HU 증가하였고 표준섭취계수는 2.02에서 1.85로 평균 0.17 감소하였다. 테플론 삽입물을 부착한 상태로 검사할 때 보다 테플론 삽입물을 부착하지 않은 상태로 검사할 때 CT값은 증가하고 표준섭취계수는 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 이러한 현상이 일어나는 이유는 감약의 정도와 표준섭취계수의 상관관계에서 찾을 수 있다. CT값이 증가할수록 감약 계수는 비례하여 증가하는데 이것은 결국 CT값이 증가될수록 감약이 증가된다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 팔에 의해 감약이 과다하게 측정될 수 있으므로 결국 표준섭취계수의 증가로 이어진다고 판단된다. 하지만 그 값의 차이가 매우 적어 진단적으로 유의한 범위라고 볼 수 없다. 팔을 머리 위로 올리고 검사하는 자세가 어깨 및 팔에의 $^{18}F$-FDG섭취와 환자의 고통을 야기하게 된다는 점들을 종합하여 고려해 보았을 때, PET/CT검사 시에는 팔을 내리고 검사하는 것이 합리적이나, 환자의 상태 및 영상의 질적 측면을 고려하여 결정하여야 하겠다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2015

환자의 호흡에 의해 발생되는 인공물의 감소를 위한 다양한 방법들 중 호흡동조 시스템(이하 Q static scan)과 비교하여 CTAC Shift 보정방법, Additional scan(추가 검사방법)을 평가해보고자 한다. 본 연구는 2015년 2월에서 5월까지 본원을 내원한 환자들 중 영상에서 호흡에 의해 인공물이 발생한 환자 10명을 대상으로 진행하였으며 장비는 PET-CT Discovery 710 (GE Healthcare, MI, USA)과 호흡동조 시스템인 Varian사의 RPM system을 사용하였다. 환자는 24시간동안의 운동금지, 12시간동안 커피와 담배 금지, 8시간동안 금식을 한 후 충분한 수분을 섭취하고 도착시 혈관확보를 한 후 혈당 체크를 진행하며 $^{18}F$-FDG를 kg당 5.18 Mbq을 주사하였다. 그 후 1시간동안 안정을 취하고, 배뇨 후 검사를 진행하였다. CT조건은 관전압 120 kVp와 관전류 60 mAs, DFOV는 70 cm, Matrix size는 $192{\times}192$으로 모두 동일하게 진행하였다. 인공물이 발생한 영상을 기준으로 Additional scan, 호흡동조 시스템을 연동한 Q static scan, CTAC Shift 보정방법을 통해 영상화하였다. 각각의 영상에서 인공물의 감소를 비교하였으며, 육안적 평가와 SUVmax의 변화를 측정하였다. 인공물이 발생한 Whole body scan(WBS)을 통해 얻은 영상 대비 CTAC Shift 보정방법을 통해 얻은 영상의 경우 12~56%, Q static scan 영상은 17~54%, Additional scan 영상은 -27~46%의 변화율을 보였다. Blind Test에서는 CTAC Shift 보정영상이 4점으로 가장 높은 점수를 얻었고 Q static scan 영상이 3.5점, Additional scan 영상이 3.4점의 점수를 얻었다. Oneway ANOVA 검정을 통해 기준이 된 WBS scan 영상과 세 가지 Scan방법간에 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<0.05) 세 가지 Scan방법간에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 그러나 Blind test에서는 세 가지 Scan방법간의 유의한 차이를 보였다. Additional scan과 Q static scan은 CTAC Shift 보정 방법보다 시간이 소요되며 환자에게 CT 재촬영에 의한 과피폭이 우려되며 Q static scan은 호흡의 기복이 심하거나 통증으로 인해 호흡 주기가 불규칙한 환자의 경우 적용하기에 어려움이 있다. CTAC Shift 보정 방법의 경우 제한적으로 보정이 가능하며 그 범위 또한 제한적이다. 이를 보완하기 위해 각 병원의 시스템을 적절히 이용하고 각 방법의 장점의 여러 요소들을 발전시킨다면 진단적 가치를 높이기 위한 방법의 하나로써 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

본 연구는 초등학생, 중학생, 고등학생 및 대학생 등 청소년 2,787명을 대상으로 100 mm Mirror Camera을 이용하여 Cobb's Angle이 $10^{\circ}$이상인 특발성 척추 측만증 이상자의 유병율을 성별과 연령별로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 Cobb's Angle이 $10^{\circ}$이상으로 특발성 척추 측만증인 자는 전체 2.787명 중 257명(9.2%)이었으며, 13세 이하(초등학생)가 132명, 16세 이하(중학생)가 52명, 18세 이하(고등학생)가 35명, 19세 이상(대학생)이 38명이었고, 연령 따른 1차 검사에서의 $x^2-test$ 분석결과 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, Cobb's Angle이 $10^{\circ}$이상인 대상자들의 측만발생 부위는 흉-요추부 147명(57.2%), 흉추부 81명(31.5%), 경-흉추부위 20명(7.8%), 요추부위 7명(2.7%), 경추부위 2명(0.8%)으로 흉-요추부위에서 가장 많은 빈도를 보였으며, 측만방향으로는 우측 183명(71.2%)으로 좌측 74명(28.8%)보다 높게 나타났다. 척추 측만증이 $10^{\circ}$이상인 대상자 중에서 주요 호소 부위는 느끼지 못함이 219명이었으며, 요추부위 18명, 경추부위 9명, 흉추부위 7명, 견부부위 2명, 골반부위와 온몸이 다 아프다고 한 대상자는 각각 1명으로 총 257명이었고, 척추 측만증이 있는 자와 대상자의 주요 호소증상간의 분산분석의 결과는 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.