• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2003

Sclerotinia rot occurred severely on some vegetable crops grown in Namyangju, Yangpyung, and Yangiu areas in Korea in 2001-2002. The crops infected with Scterotinia sp. were Adenophora remotiflora, Armoracia lapathfolia, Angelica acutiloba, Angelica archangelica, Anthriscus sylvestris, Aster tataricus, Beta vulgaris var. cicla, Brassica campestris var. marinosa, Brassica juncea var. laciniata, Chicholium intybus, Lactuca indica var. dracoglossa, Lactuca sativa var. oak-leaf, Petroselinum crispum, and Phyteuma japonicum. The fungus associated with the disease was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, based on the morphological characteristics of the pathogen. The symptoms were water-soaked spots that enlarged later and became a watery soft rot. Infected parts became yellow and then turned brown, followed by death of the whole plant. White mycelia developed on the upper petioles and leaves and on the soil where these plant parts lay. Then black sclerotia in variable size and shape formed from the mycelial mass. Pathogenicity of the fungus was proven by artificially inoculating each crop. This is the first report of Sclerotinia rot on the listed vegetable crops in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권2호통권130호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Tree species of wooden structural members of the Beomeo Temple were identified based on light and scanning electron microscopic characters in the present study. Of 10 structural members, 9 softwoods and 1 hardwood were identified. Among softwood members, 7 belonged to hard pine of the Sylvestris section, and the remaining 2 to hard pine of other than the Sylvestris section and hemlock of the genus Tsuga, respectively. A single hardwood member was identified as white oak of the Prinus section under the subgenus Lepidobalanus.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2009

본 연구에 이용될 공시시료는 2007년과 2008년에 걸쳐 채집되었으며, 기호성 조사는 2008년 6월 21일 수행하였다. 공시시료는 화본과와 두과목초(passes and legumes)류는 mixed passes, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa 및 white clover 의 5종, 야초와 잡초(native grasses 및 weeds)류는 mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, barnyard grass 및 short awn의 5종, 사료작물과 볏짚(forage crops and straw)류는 barley +hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage 및 baled rice straw의 5종, 수염과 낙엽(browse and fallen leaves)류는 mixed browse, oriental white oak browse, Quercus serrta Thunb. oriental cherry fallen leaves 및 Japanese chestnut fallen leaves의 5종, 그리고 수입건초(imported hay and straw)류로 timothy, tall fescue hay, annual ryegrass, klinegrass 및 alfalfa의 5종 등 총 25종을 공시하였다. 공시축은 유산양(Saanen 우, 평균체중 $25{\pm}2.1kg$) 10두를 공시하였고, 시험은 유산양은 충남 금산군 추부면 유산양목장에서 수행하였다. CP, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin 함량및 IVDMD는 채취장소, 초종, 생육단계 및 예취시기에 따라 조사료원별로 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 유산양은 혼합목초(mixed grasses) 와 두과목초인 화이트 클로버(white clover)나알팔파(alfalfa) 등을 즐겨 채식하였으나, 콘포볏짚(baled rice straw)이나 호밀 사일리지 (rye silage) 등은 거의 채식하지 않았다. 유산양이 즐겨 채식한 조사료원은 NDF나 ADF와 같은 섬유소물질의 함량이 낮은 반면에 IVDMD는 높은 조사료를 주로 선택하여 채식하는 습성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 유산양(Saanen)은 화본과 와 두과목초(34.6%)를 가장 즐겨 채식하였던 것으로 보아 초류채식형 (grazers)에 가까운 것을 재확인하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

A green mold species that has not previously been reported in Korea was isolated from oak log beds used for shiitake (Lentinula edodes) cultivation that were infested by mushroom flies. In this study, we identify the mold species as Gliocladium viride (an anamorph of Hypocrea lutea) and describe its mycological properties. The fungus was cottony on both potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA), but was colored white on PDA and became yellowish green and brown on CYA. Mycelial growth on PDA attained a diameter of 73 mm at $30^{\circ}C$ after 5 days. The fungus grew faster on malt extract agar (> 80 mm, 5 days at $25^{\circ}C$) compared to CYA and PDA (< 68 mm, 5 days at $25^{\circ}C$). Penicillate conidiophores of the fungus are hyaline, smooth walled, branching above typically in four stages, and $120\sim240\;{\mu}m$ in length. Club-shaped or slender phialides are formed on the metulae. Conidia of the fungus were ovate and elliptic, yellowish brown and green, and $2.5\sim3.0\;{\mu}m\times1.8\sim2.3\;{\mu}m$ in size. Typically, slimy conidia are formed in a mass and colored brown to dark green to almost black. The internal transcribed spacer rDNA and translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene sequences of the fungus isolated here show 99% identity with previously identified G. viride strains.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

The charcoal has been used not only as fuel but also as human health care material since it was used. Charcoal's performances were generally investigated in aspects of energy efficiency and caloric values. This study was conducted in order to increase charcoal's application area and to develop functional paper. Five types of charcoal were used on a basis of gas absorption properties from previous study. Handsheets were made by two methods by internal loading and surface spray on interlayer. Strength properties of internal loading and interlayer spray handsheets were decreased as the charcoal loading increased. Ethylene gas absorption property was higher in both of oak's black charcoal and white charcoal than others. In terms of strength, 5-10% charcoal loading was efficient. Above 10% loading, a rate of strength decrease was higher than that of ethylene gas absorption rate. Formaldehyde absorption property was higher at both of oak's black charcoal and mixed charcoal than others. However, to guarantee enough charcoal loading should be higher than 95 $g/m^2$ for sufficient formaldehyde absorption.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.478-485
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 목재의 화재 안정성 평가에 대한 기초 자료를 구축하기 위하여 연소 성능 및 열적 특성을 분석하였다. 열특성 분석은 콘 칼로리미터 시험 방법과 열중량 분석(TGA)으로 열방출률, 총 방출열량, 연소 가스 발생, 그리고 중량 감소를 분석하였다. TGA 분석에서 시료의 열분해 온도는 스트로브 잣나무 $359.83^{\circ}C$, 서어나무 $359.80^{\circ}C$, 이태리 포플러 $363.14^{\circ}C$, 졸참나무 $358.59^{\circ}C$, 산벚나무 $362.11^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 열방출률의 최댓값은 서어나무로 나타났으며, 최솟값은 스트로브 잣나무로 나타났다. 총방출열량을 분석한 결과, 서어나무가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 이태리 포플러가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 가스분석 결과에서는 산벚나무가 $CO/CO_2$ 비율이 최소치로 0.021로 확인되었고, 졸참나무가 0.031로 최대치를 나타내었다. 중량감소율의 최솟값은 산벚나무가 87.57%로 나타났으며, 졸참나무가 95.03%로 CO와 $CO_2$의 발생과 목재 연소의 거동과의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 본 연구는 목재의 실내 적용 시 화재 안정성 향상 등의 기초 자료로써 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2015

The white-spotted chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is an economically important insect in Korea. Traditionally, it has been regarded as a medicine for preventing liver-related diseases and suppressing liver cancer. Recently, this beetle was enlisted as a temporal food ingredient by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Therefore, this beetle is focused as a one of the important insects that are commercially reared and sold in Korea. As the economic importance of this beetle is growing, the suitable rearing conditions are needed for more detailed investigation. In this study, we compared three temperature conditions and two food additives, rice chaff and soybean cake, for its effects on the body weight change of third instar larvae of P. brevitarsis. Temperature is a major environmental factor that has tremendous effects on rearing insects. In additions, rice chaff and soybean cake are byproducts of other agricultural activities. Therefore, it is easy to get, and the price is comparatively low. However, they still have meaningful amount of nutrients. With four different kinds of feed and three temperature conditions on the third instar larvae of beetles, the body weight change was tracked for 14 wk. We concluded that 27.5℃ is the optimal temperature to rear the third instar larvae among three temperatures (25, 27.5, and 30℃). Among four different feeds, conventional fermented oak saw dust with rice chaff and soybean cake was the best feed for larval weight gain during 14 wk. However, feed with soybean cake at 30 ℃ was the best condition for rearing P. brevitarsis larvae when temperatures and feeds were compared at the same time.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops and straw: 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (Mixed browse, Oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., Oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hay and straw: 5 species(timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average $24{\pm}2.8$ kg). The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goat was observed like this: Quercus aliena, Querancas serrta Thunb and Mixed browse, which was a lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse and fallen leaves (33.1%) among trials roughage sources. Based on these results, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to the browser.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of sika deer fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops (hay, silages and straw): 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, Wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (mixed browse, oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hays and straws: 5 species (timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Five sika deer were used as experimental animals and the averaged body weight was 95+5.4kg. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period(p<0.05). The sika deer ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake roughage sources ranking by sika deer was observed like this: browse and fallen leaves (32.2%), grass and legumes (27.0%), native grasses and weeds (22.0%), imported hays (12.9%) and forages crops (5.5%) respectively. Although, the sika deer ate more browse leaves, but ate more roughage which had low fibrous contents (NDF and ADF), but high drymatter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by sika deer was showed as browse and fallen leaves (32.2%). Based on the result, the food habit of sika deer seems to be closer to the typical browser.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.515-519
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• 2007

An imperfect fungus Fusiococcum species was isolated from Quercus dentata. A naturally infected Daimyo oak tree was collected and showed elongate wounds on the stem. The fungal cultures were initially white and cottony, and later turned dark gray. Numerous solitary pycnidia were developed on the medium surface, and typically spherical. Yellowish conidial masses were exuded from pycnidia on the culture plates. Conidial masses were swollen and measured as approximately 100 to $300{\mu}m$ in length. It appeared that conidia were usually held together in globose to oval drops. Conidia were hyaline, single-celled (nonseptate), ellipsoid to fusoid, and measured as approximately $8.0{\times}2.7{\mu}m$. Based on these cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungal isolate was identified as a species of Fusicoccum Corda. To preserve and examine fungal spores exuded from pycnidia on the medium surface, a vapor fixation procedure for scanning electron microscopy was employed in this study. The specimens were exposed to the vapor of 2% (v/v) glutaraldehyde and 2% (w/v) osmium tetroxide each for 2 h. With the vapor fixation we obtained excellent retention of conidial masses in this study. The simple and versatile procedure for demonstrating fungal spores and their exudation from fruiting bodies would facilitate characterization of diverse pathological and environmental isolates as they are in native environments.