• 한국가금학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1982

본 연구는 산업계의 산란능력을 개량하는데 있어서 부분검정의 효율성을 구명하기 위하여 White Leghorn 합성종계통 선발 1세대의 478수에서 측정된 산란기록을 분석자료로 이용하였다. 조사된 형질은 초산일령, 40주령까지의 산란수(P) 및 산란율(P'). 41주령에서 64주령까지의 산란수(R) 및 산란율(R'), 그리고 전체산란수(A) 및 산란율(A') 이었으며, 초산일령부터 40주령까지의 단기검정성적을 다시 세분하여 초산일령에서 22주, 24주, ㆍㆍㆍㆍ, 40주까지 2주씩 더해 나간 기간동안의 산란수(E$_{t}$) 및 산란율(E'$_{t}$), 그 반대로 40주령까지의 성적을 최초의 초산일령 19주령 부터, 2주씩 제외시키고 얻은 나머지 기간의 산란수(S$_{t}$) 및 산란율(S'$_{t}$)을 각각 구하여 상대적 효율을 비교하였다.을 비교하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 1997

Acute delayed neurotoxicity of KH-502 [O.O-Diethyl O-(1-phenyyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl) thiophosphoric acid ester], an insecticide synthesized newly in Korea, was studied in White Leghorn hens. The doses were determined on the basis of preliminary $LD_{50}$ study. High, middle and low doses were determined to be 1123 mg/kg, 762 mg/kg and 518 mg/kg, respectively. The animals were pretreated with atropine (30 mg/kg) prior to administration of KH-502. The chemical was administrated at the first and 21st day of the study. As positive controls, animals were admlnistrated with triorthocresylphosphate (TOCP 1000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg). Animals administrated with TOCP or KH-502 were sacrificed by perfusion-fixation at 21st and 42nd day of the study, respectively. The central and peripheral nerve tissues were routinely treated for microscopic observation. As results, eight, three, one, and one chickens died within 2 day after adminiatration with signs of cholinergic acute toxicity in high, middle low and TOCP dose-group (500 mg/kg), respectively. No abnormal clinical signs were observed in the survived chickens administrated with KH-502 in the duration of the study. The chickens in positive control groups showed ataxia and incoordination at the 14th day after administration of TOCP. From necropsy, macroscopic changes were not observed in all groups including positive control groups. Histopathologically, oxonal swelling with myelin loss, focal gliosis, distention around axonal space were observed in the spinal cords of the chickens administrated with TOCP 1000 mg/kg. The lesions were distinct in the dorsal and lateral funiculi of cervical spinal cord, in the lateral and ventral funiculi of thoracic spinal cord and in ventral funiculi of lumbosacral spinal cord. Axonal swelling and mlcrogliosis were infrequently observed in the chickens of other groups including negative control one. However, they were nonspecifically distributed in the spinal cords. In this study, we concluded that the new chemical, KH-502 did not have acute delayed neurotoxicity in White Leghorn hens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2012

Genetic resource conservation of indigenous species is important to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian species throughout the world. The native Korean Oge (KO) chickens are important and protected indigenous avian species in Korea. This KO breed is very popular in Korea because of its external appearances of blackish color. The characterization of morphology and growth performances of KO were performed since 1980s, however the information is still not sufficient for breed selection. In this study, we compared various growth performances including body growth, tibia length, shank length, chest width, chest grith and length of tail feather between male and female chickens of KO and widely known White Leghorn (WL) breeds at 1 week, 2 weeks, 5 weeks, 10 weeks, and 24 weeks. We observed differences on various growth performances at different aged groups between KO and WL chickens. This study may help for the selection of chicken breeds based on age, body growth and meat production.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2021

본 연구는 White Leghorn에서 부화 후 일령(0-d, 3-d, 7-d, 14-d 및 21-d)에 따른 소화기관의 발달과 기능 및 항산화 방어작용에 대한 변화를 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 일령에 따른 체중은 부화 후 0, 3 및 7일령까지는 변화가 적었지만, 7일령 이후에는 유의하게(P<0.05) 증가하였다. 체중에 따른 소화 장기의 상대적 무게(g/100 g BW)에서, 간의 상대적 무게는 0일령에서 현저히 낮았지만 3~7일령에 현저히 증가한 후(P<0.05) 21일령까지 유의차 없이 점차 감소하였다. 상대적 췌장 무게 역시 간 무게의 변화와 유사한 경향을 보이며, 7일령에서 최대 발달을 보였지만(P<0.05) 그 이후에는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 상대적 소장 무게와 길이의 변화는 부화 후 급격히 증가하여 7일령에서 최대 성장을 보이고(P<0.05) 점차 감소하여 21일령 이후에는 현저히 낮아졌다. 소장 점막세포의 무게는 부화 후 현저히 증가하여(P<0.05) 14일령에 최대 발달률을 보였으나 21일령에는 감소하였다(P<0.05). 이당류 분해효소의 특이적 활성도는 0일령에 가장 낮았으나, 3일령에서 유의적으로 높은 최대 활성도 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). Sucrase 활성도는 14일령 이후 유의하게 감소하였으나(P<0.05), maltase는 지속적으로 높은 활성도를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. Leucine aminopeptiase 특이적 활성도는 0일령부터 높게 나타나 일령에 상관없이 일정하게 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. SOD와 GST 특이적 활성도는 0일령에서 가장 낮았으나, 7일령 이후 유의적으로 높은 활성도를 보였다(P<0.05). GPX 활성도는 0, 7일령과 비교 시 14일령 이후 활성도가 현저하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 지질 과산화(MDA) 함량은 모든 일령에서 매우 낮게 나타나 일령에 따른 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아, White Leghorn 병아리는 부화 후 3~7일령에서 소화 장기 발달과 소화 효소 활성도가 급격히 증가하며, 7일령 이후 체 성장과 간 조직의 대사 작용이 활발해지면서 항산화 효소의 활성도가 함께 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1638-1642
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of graded levels of vitamin $D_3$ in White Leghorn (WL) layer breeders on egg production, shell quality, hatchability of eggs and juvenile performance of offspring during their late laying period (72-88 wk). White Leghorn breeder females were randomly divided into 5 groups of 50 each and were housed in individual California cages in an open-side housing system. Considering birds in five cages as a replicate, 10 such replicates were randomly allotted to each treatment. A basal diet was formulated containing all the nutrients as recommended for WL layers except vitamin $D_3$, which served as control. Another, four diets were formulated by supplementing graded levels of feed grade crystalline cholecalciferol to the basal diet that contained 300, 600, 1,200 and 2,400 ICU of vitamin $D_3$ per kg. Each diet was offered ad libitum to one of the above five treatment groups. The egg production, egg weight, daily feed consumption and the feed intake per dozen eggs or kg egg mass of the birds fed diet without any supplemental vitamin $D_3$ was comparable with those of supplemental groups. Similarly, the level of vitamin in the diet did not have any effect on any of the above parameters. However, the specific gravity of eggs laid by the birds fed the diet without supplemental vitamin $D_3$ was comparable with either 600 or 2,400 ICU supplemental groups but significantly higher when compared to the 300 and 1,200 ICU groups. The egg -shell breaking strength was significantly lowered in the 600 ICU supplemental groups as compared to the strength of other dietary groups. The Haugh unit, egg shell weight, shell thickness, tibia breaking strength, bone ash and calcium content were not influenced by vitamin $D_3$ concentration in the diet. Serum Ca concentration was influenced by vitamin $D_3$ level in the diet. The serum Ca concentration of birds fed either control or the vitamin supplemented diet up to 1200 ICU/kg diet was comparable. However, increasing the concentration of vitamin $D_3$ to 2,400 ICU/kg diet significantly enhanced the concentration of Ca in the serum, which was significantly higher compared to other dietary groups. The serum concentration of P and protein, however, was not influenced by level of vitamin $D_3$ in the diet. Neither fertility nor hatchability was influenced by vitamin $D_3$ concentration in the diet. Feeding a vitamin $D_3$ deficient diet or supplementation of vitamin to hens did not have any influence on their progeny chicks. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ may not be essential for optimum production, shell quality, hatchability, and juvenile performance of WL breeders during 72 to 88 weeks of age.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

본 연구는 4종의 재래닭인 연산오계, 현인흑계, 횡성약닭, 황봉의 일반성분, 카르노신, 안세린 함량 및 면역활성을 비교하기 위하여 실시하였고, 대조구로 백색 레그혼을 사용하였다. 시험용 닭을 모두 동일한 조건에서 13주간 사육하여 도계한 후 화학적 성분조사를 실시하였다. 일반성분 분석에서는 4종의 재래닭이 백색레그혼에 비하여 조지방 함량이 높았으며, 콜레스테롤 함량은 현인흑계가 다른 품종에 비하여 높았고 횡성약닭이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 면역증진 효능을 측정하기 위하여 대식세포를 이용하여 실험한 결과는 재래닭 4종의 가슴육에서만 대식세포 증식 및 NO 억제 효능이 있었다. 대식세포 탐식작용은 현인흑계와 횡성약닭가슴육에서 유의적으로 증가되었고, 염증 관련 사이토카인(IL-4, IL-10, $IFN-{\gamma}$) 유전자 발현은 백색레그혼에 비하여 4종의 재래닭에서 억제효과가 컸다. 결론적으로 4종류의 재래닭이 백색레그혼에 비하여 면역증진 효능이 높았으며, 특히 가슴육에서 효능이 있었다. 재래닭 품종 간에도 일반성분 및 면역조절능에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1460-1464
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• 2001

This study compared the lipid metabolism of white Leghorn layers between the growing and the laying periods. The study was conducted on thirty layers in the growing period (14 weeks old) and in the initial laying period (36 weeks old; 14 weeks from the onset of laying). Results indicated that all plasma lipid traits were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two periods. The estrogen concentration in the laying period was about 3 fold that in the growing period. Triacylglycerol (TG) concentration in the laying period was about 12 fold that in the growing period. The phospholipids, cholesterol, glycerol and non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in the laying period were also higher than those in the growing period (p<0.05). Lipogenic enzyme activities in the laying period were higher than in the growing period (p<0.05). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was the largest lipoprotein portion in growing layers. In laying hens, the major lipoprotein portion was very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). It was also shown that protein is the primary component of HDL and TG is the largest portion of VLDL in both periods. In laying hens, VLDL contained more TG than that in growing layers (p<0.05). The VLDL particle size in laying hens was larger than that in growing layers (p<0.05). This study indicates that the lipid metabolism traits of a layer in the laying period were different from those in the growing period. The lipogenesis related traits in the laying period were markedly greater than in the growing period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 1989

Reciprocal crosses were conducted between three strains of Taiwan Country chickens, developed in the National Chung-Hsing University, and two strains of Single Comb White Leghorns, developed in the Taiwan Livestock Research Institute. Traits studied were growing performances, laying performances, egg quality traits and traits concerning disease resistance, including resistance to Marek's disease virus and immune responses to Newcastle disease virus vaccine and to sheep red blood cell. Results indicated that laying performances of Taiwan country chickens were much inferior to White Leghorns, but they matured earlier, their eggs had better shell strength and larger proportion of yolk, and their general disease resistance was much better than White Leghorns. Heterosis were found in laying performances and egg quality traits. The heterosis in laying traits was so large that the hybrid laid as many eggs and as large eggs as did pure strains of White Leghorns. Strategies on the improvement of native chickens and the utilization of genetic merits of native chickens were also discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2001

This study was carried out to construct mapping population and to evaluate the methods involved, including polymorphic DNA marker system and appropriate statistical analysis. As an initial step to establish chicken genome mapping project, White Leghorn (WL) and Korean Ogol chicken (KOC) were used for generating backcross population. From 8 initial parents, total 280 backcross progenies were obtained and 40 were used for genotyping and linkage analysis. For development of novel polymorphic markers for KOC, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers specific for this chicken line were generated. Also included in this study were six microsatellite markers from East Lansing map as reference loci. For segregation analysis, 15 RAPD markers and 6 microsatellites were used to genotype the backcross population. Among the RAPD markers that we developed, 2 pairs of markers were identified to be linked and another 4 RAPD markers showed linkage with microsatellites of known map. In summary, this study showed that our backcross population generated from the mating of KOC to WL serves as a valuable genetic resource for genotyping. Furthermore, RAPD markers are proved to be valuable in linkage mapping analysis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.469-472
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• 2008

Necropsy was performed on a total of twenty three either white leghorn or ogol chickens which were more than 150 weeks of age. Among twenty three chickens examined, fifteen chickens were laying and the rest eight chickens were non-laying. On necropsy, neoplastic mass in the five chickens among non-laying chickens was found. These neoplastic masses were present mostly in the ovaries and one case in the liver and characterized by multifocal to coalescing 1 to 5 mm tan firm nodular formation. On histopathology, ovarian adenocarcinoma with widespread abdominal seeding and hepatic metastasis was diagnosed in the three chickens. Oviductal leiomyoma was also found in two chickens that had a focal well-demarcated nodules in the oviduct. Taken together, the number with ovarian adenocarcinoma among non-laying chickens over 150 week old was 37.5%. As most animal species do rarely develop ovarian tumors, the high rate of spontaneous ovarian adenocarcinoma in non-laying hen suggest that the hen is a proper model for human ovarian cancer study.