• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

자동차 충돌에 의하여 편타성 손상이 일어나게 되는데, 대부분 경추부분에서 발생한다. 이러한 편타성손상의 메카니즘은 아직까지 명확히 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다물체 경추에 근육을 부착한 모델을 만들고, 부착된 근육에 follower load 개념에 근거한 최적화방법을 이용하여 계산된 초기힘(preloads)를 가하였다. 경추모델에서 추체, 추간판 및 근육은 인간의 해부학적 정보와 일치시켜 제작되었다. 이번 연구의 목적은 경추모델에 부착된 근육에 초기힘이 존재할 때 초기힘의 편타성 손상에의 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 결론적으로, 초기힘이 존재하는 근육-경추모델의 경우가 초기힘이 존재하지 않는 모델에 비하여 좀더 실제와 일치하는 경향성을 보여주었다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

The whiplash is the most important issue of low speed rear-impact. So auto makers are committed to developing a seat to improve whiplash injury. Most NCAP tests have been used by same pulse (Mid Velocity 16kph). Only Euro NCAP uses different pulse that consists of Low, Mid, High velocity. But Euro NCAP also uses same pulse in Mid velocity as other NCAP test. That Mid velocity NCAP pulse was made by rear impact that has 90's vehicle structure properties. That pulse was used until now days. However these days, auto maker use more high tensile steel than 90's as customer and society demand more fuel efficiency and light vehicle with good safety structure. So modern vehicles have different pulse patterns of rear impact than NCAP pulse and 90's vehicle crash properties. In this paper, the test was conducted by following condition. Target car was impacted by the rigid barrier with certain velocity. Finally target vehicle gained delta V 16kph which was same velocity as NCAP Mid Velocity pulse. It is critical velocity which occur long period neck injury. It is very different pulse that was gained by real car impact from NCAP pulse. And it has higher peak G with high fluctuation and short duration than NCAP pulse.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2021

Objectives To investigate the effectiveness of manual therapy for neck pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods We searched six electronic databases (OASIS, KISS, RISS, NDSL, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library) to gather randomized controlled trials using the keywords 'manual theray OR chuna OR tuina' and 'whiplash injury OR neck sprain'. Results Eight RCTs were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Four studies were meta-analyses. The systematic review found a positive effect of manual therapy for whiplash injury. All studies showed a high risk of performance bias. Conclusions The systematic review reported favorable results using manual therapy for neck pain caused by traffic accidents. However, this study has several limitations owing to the high risk of bias. Further clinical studies and the development of a study design are required for stronger evidence.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.58-76
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• 2019

국내에서 발생하는 교통사고에 의한 인적피해의 정도는 꾸준히 감소하고 있으나 경상자와 부상신고자수는 증가하는 추세이다. 그러나 도덕적 해이로 인한 허위 과다 치료와 입원으로 발생하는 사회적 비용은 전 세계적으로 사회, 경제적 문제로 대두되는 실정이다. 경미한 교통사고의 유형 중, 추돌사고의 경우 피해차량 즉, 피추돌차량 탑승자가 주로 호소하는 질병은 해부학적, 방사선학적 근거가 없는 임상적 추정에 의한 목 상해(경추염좌)이다. 그러나 국제적인 상해 분류기준인 AIS(Abbreviated Injury Scale)와 경추염좌를 비교했을 때 임상적 추정에 의한 목 상해는 상해라 보기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 추돌사고에 연루된 추돌차량과 피추돌 차량의 중량과 충돌속도가 탑승자의 목 상해에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해, MADYMO를 활용하여 중량과 충돌속도를 다양하게 반영한 총 100가지 시나리오의 추돌사고를 재현하였다. 그리고 결과 값인 피추돌차량의 속도변화량과 충격가속도 값을 상해역치와 비교하였다. 그 결과 동일한 중량 간의 추돌사고에서 충돌속도 15km/h 이상일 때 상해가 발생할 가능성이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 중량을 고려하지 않을 경우 충돌속도 15km/h 일 때 36%, 20km/h이상일 때 약 84%의 상해 발생 가능성이 나타났다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2021

Objectives To observe the pain reduction effect of Korean medical treatment combined with supine JS cervical therapy on neck pain and headache caused by whiplash injury. Methods The medical records of 30 patients suffering from neck pain and headache caused by traffic accidents from August 1, 2020 to October 30, 2020 were studied. 15 patients receiving supine JS cervical therapy combined with Korean medical treatment were assigned to group A and another 15 patients receiving Korean medical treatment but without Chuna therapy were assigned to group B. The following patient data were analyzed retrospectively - age, sex, and number of admission days, neck pain and headache visual analogue scale (VAS), and neck disability index (NDI). Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 25.0. for Windows. A p-value≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Both neck pain and headache VAS score in group A and B showed a statistically significant decrease. The changes in neck pain and headache VAS score in group A was statistically significant higher compared to those of group B. NDI in group A showed a statistically significant decrease, but NDI in group B did not decreased statistically significant. Conclusions Korean medicine treatment effectively reduces neck pain and headache. Especially, the pain reduction effect is better in patients receiving Korean medicine treatment combined with supine JS cervical therapy than in those receiving Korean medicine treatment without supine JS cervical therapy.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1232-1243
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• 2000

Motor vehicle accidents in rear impacts cause more than fifty percents of drivers to suffer from neck injuries. It is known that most neck injuries are associated with rear-end collisions at a speed lower than 32 km/h and between the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1 and AIS 2. Two different types of low speed crash tests such as the frontal barrier and rear moving barrier crashes have been conducted by following the procedure of the Research Committee for Automobile Repairs (RCAR). The injury for the neck and the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) were measured by using the sensors mounted on dummies. We reviewed neck injures and the relationship between the neck and head injuries, and examined the deceleration of the body. Using the experimental test data at the neck, we investigated an improved neck injury criterion Nij. Also, the effects of the position of a head restraint on reducing the frequency and severity of the neck injury in rear-end collisions were investigated.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2021

Objectives This study was aimed to evaluate clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) of traffic injuries, which has already been developed at domestic or outside of country, and to explore the Korean medical treatments included in the CPGs. Methods Twelve electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI {Chinese Academic Journals, CAJ}], Research Information Sharing Service [RISS], Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], KoreaMed, Korean Medical Guideline Information [KoMGI), National Guideline Clearinghouse [AHRQ], Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative Website [COMET], Turning Research into Practice [TRIP], The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE], and Medical Research Information Center [MedRIC]) up to July 2021 were searched. Only systematically developed CPGs for traffic injuries were selected and appraised. The appraisal was conducted by using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II tool. Results Six CPGs were included and evaluated. All CPGs were appraised as highly recommended because they exceeded 60% in more than 4 among 6 domains of AGREE II, including domain of 'rigor of development', and 30% in the rest. Recommendations related to Korean medicine treatments such as on manual therapy related to Chuna were given in 6 CPGs, 4 for acupuncture, 1 for Qigong and 1 for Taping. Conclusions The 6 CPGs were developed up to now through a systematic development methodology and there were many recommendations for Korean medical treatments related to manual (Chuna) treatment, acupuncture and Qigong. However, the evidence for the side effects and risk factors of Korean medical treatments was scantly reflected in CPGs. Therefore, it is considered that balanced CPG with benefits and risks should be developed, covering Korean medical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2018

It was a pilot study for developing an algorithm to determine the presence or absence of cervical spine injury by analyzing the severity factor of the patients in motor vehicle occupant accidents. From August 2012 to October 2016, we used the KIDAS database, called as Korean In-Depth Accident Study database, collected from three regional emergency centers. We analyzed the general characteristics with several factors. Moreover, cervical spine injury patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 for from Quebec Task Force (hereinafter 'QTF') grade 0 to 1, and group 2 for from QTF grade 2 to 4. The score was assigned according to the distribution ratio of cervical spine injured patients compared to the total injured patients, and the cut-off value was derived from the total score by summation of the assigned score of each factors. 987 patients (53.0%) had no cervical spine injuries and 874 patients (47.0%) had cervical spine injuries. QTF grade 2 was found in 171 patients (9.2%) with musculoskeletal pain, QTF grade 3 was found in 38 patients (2.0%) with spinal cord injuries, and QTF grade 4 was found in 119 patients (6.4%) with dislocation or fracture, respectively. We selected the statistically significant factors, which could be affected the cervical spine injury, like the collision direction, the seating position, the deformation extent, the vehicle type and the frontal airbag deployment. Total score, summation of the assigned each factors, 10 was presented as a cut-off value to determine the cervical spine injury. In this study, it was meaningful as a pilot study to develop algorithms by selecting limited influence factors and proposing cut-off value to determine cervical spine injury. However, since the number of data samples was too small, additional data collection and influencing factor analysis should be performed to develop a more delicate algorithm.