• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.296-296
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• 2022

This study was investigated to compare the milling and physicochemical characteristics of six Korean wheat cultivars (Keumkang, KK; Jokyung, JK; Goso, GS; Joongmo2008, JM; Baekkang, BK; Saekeumkang, SKK) and five foreign wheat classes (Australian standard white wheat, ASW; Australian hard, AH; US northern spring, NS; US hard red winter, HRW; Soft wheat, SW). Korea and foreign wheat grains were milled using a Buhler MLU-202. Flour moisture, ash, protein, gluten, sedimentation, particle size, solvent retention capacity (SRC) and dough properties of flour were analyzed. Results showed that the hard wheats had a greater total flour yield and reduction fraction yield than the soft wheats regardless of the country. However, there were in the milling characteristics between the US and Korean soft wheats. GS, a soft wheat in Korea, had the lowest flour yield (59.6%) and the highest bran fraction yield (21.4%). The particle sizes of flour by milling fraction were B1>B2>B3 for the largest, and the R1〈R2〈R3 for the smallest. Particle size, ash, protein contents and the values of lactic acid SRC showed highly correlated with flour yield. The gluten-performance-index (GPI) is the ratio of the lactic acid SRC value to the sum of sodium carbonate and sucrose SRC values, and it has been used as a quality indicator for overall performance potential of flour. GPI values differed depending on the wheat variety or class, JM (0.82) was the highest value, and SKK (0.56) and SW (0.59) were low. The curve pattern of the Mixolab result also gives a quality indication of the flour sample. JM and NS flour had similar pattern at water absorption and gluten strength parameters and BK and HRW had similar viscosity patterns. These results will enable further study for blending Korean wheat cultivar to improve the flour quality.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.419-423
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the difference in the characteristics of pound cakes baked from one imported and three Korean wheat flours through sensory evaluation and physical measurement. From the result of sensory evaluation, it was shown that cakes baked from Korean wheat flour were not preferred than cake baked from imported wheat flour in texture, taste and overall preference. L, a, b value of crumb color of pound cake baked from imported wheat flour was 81.09, -0.49, 28.17. It means that crumb color of pound cake baked from imported wheat flour was brighter yellow than that of cakes baked from Korean wheat flour. The volume of pound cakes baked from Korean wheat flour(D, B) was larger than that of cake baked from imported wheat flour. It was 833 and 800 cc. There was no significant difference in hardness within cake samples.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1301-1306
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean protein isolate (SPI) on the properties of noodle which was made of composite flour blended with SPI extracted at acidic (pH 2.0, 3.0), neutral (pH 7.0) and alkaline (pH 10.0, 12.0) conditions. L-value of dry and cooked-moodle which were made of composite flour was lower than that of 100% wheat flour, but a and b-value wete higher than those of 100% wheat flour, Optimal cooking time of dry-noodle which was made of composite flour was longer than that of 100% wheat flour, but the weight, volume and water absorption of the cooked-noodle were lower than those of cooked-noodle of 100% wheat flour. Breaking force of dry-noodle which was made of composite flour blended with $SPI-2,\;SPI_3,\;SPI_{7}$, and $SPI-{10}$ was lower than that of 100% wheat flour, but the breaking force of dry-noodle which was made of composite flour blended with $SPI-{12}$ at level of 5% and 10% was same as that of 100% wheat flour. Springiness and cohesiveness of the cooked-noodle which was made of composite flour were same as those of 100% wheat flour, but chewiness and hardness were higher than those of 100% wheat flour.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.173-176
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• 2006

The effect of enzymatically hydrolyzed vital wheat gluten (EHG) on dough mixing and the baking quality of wheat flour frozen dough was examined. Three different proteases, pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, were tested individually, sequentially paired, or in combination of all three enzymes. Addition of 1% EHG produced no observable effect on the mixing properties of wheat flour dough. However, addition of 2.5% pepsin-hydrolyzed gluten decreased the mixing tolerance of the wheat flour, and 1% trypsin-hydrolyzed gluten increased the loaf volume of both frozen and non-frozen dough. This finding suggests that trypsin-hydrolyzed vital wheat gluten may serve as a baking additive in replacement for $KBrO_3$ to improve frozen dough quality.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

This study on the processing of noodles was carried out to increase utilization of Allium fistulosum L., In the areas of total solids in residual liquid, swelling volume, and water absorption, a mixture of 10.0% dried Allium fistulosum L. flour and wheat flour, and a mixture of 25.0% raw Allium fistulosum L. flour and wheat flour both perform similarly to noodles made with just wheat flour. In the area of texture- the gumminess, cutting factor, and chewiness increase as the percentage of dried Allium fistulosum L. flour increases. There is no great difference in these factors between the 10.0% dried and the 25.0% raw mixtures. The color of the noodles with a mixed Allium fistulosum L. flour is green-yellow. As the quantity of Allium fistulosum L. flour increases the color gets darker The over all perception of the noodles made with a mixed Allium fistulosum L. flour was rated higher in color, taste, and smell than regular noodles. This study shows that mixing wheat flour with 10.0% dried Allium fistulosum L. flour or 25.0% raw Allium fistulosum L. flour produces a better noodle product.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 1982

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of adding gelatinized waxy rice flour, wheat flour, and Xanthan Gum to rice flour on the preparation and (quality) of dried noodles. 1) Rice flour demonstrated higher maximum viscosity value as determined by Amylograph than wheat flour. Among the composite flour mixture (Rice Flour 85+Gelatinized Waxy Rice Flour 15 + Xanthan Gum 2%) showed the highest viscosity value and (RF 35+ GWRF 15 + Wheat Flour 50) had the lowest. (RF 35 + GWRF 15 +WF 50) demonstrated gelatinization characteristics which is quite similar to that of wheat flour. 2) Forty and 50% replacement of rice flour and gelatinized waxy rice flour (15%) mixture by wheat flour improved significantly noodle making characteristics and cooking quality of noodles. 3) The addition of 2% XG to (RF 45 + GWRF 15 + WF 40) was effective on noodle making properties and on binding properties of cooked noodles. 4) The cooked noodle made of composite flour (RF 45 + GWRF 15 + WF 40 + XG 2%) received the highest total sensory evaluation score among the testing samples, and it was not significantly different from that of wheat flour.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 1983

Rheological properties of the dough made from milled wheat products of various particle size, i.e., wheat shorts, girls and flour, and their effect on the loaf-volume potential of whole wheat bread were investigated in this study. One Korean wheat variety 'Cho-Kwang' was tested for suitability in whole wheat bread. The percent ash and protein content of the milled wheat products were 2.3% and 13.7% respectively. Ranges of 7.3, 5.6 and 4.8 mixograph peak-height were observed in Fraction 1(wheat flours), Fraction 2 (wheat girts) and Fraction 3(wheat shorts), respectively. Dought stability of Fraction 1 did not decreased appreciably as compared to that of commercial first grade baker's flour. Bread-baking test employing a standard formula showed that the wheat grits (0.2-0.5 mm in diameter) appeared to be the limit beyond which a rapid decrease in loaf-volume potential was noted. Optimum loaf volume and crumb characteristics were obtained in 80% wheat grits/20% wheat flour blend.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 2007

The physicochemical properties and mixograph characteristics of soft white winter (SWW) and club wheat, as well as their product potentiality, were investigated. There were no significant differences between the SWW wheat and club wheat regarding their Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) properties. The straight-grade flour yield, break flour yield, ash content, and milling score of the SWW wheat were similar to those of the club wheat, and the straight-grade flour yield had a significant positive correlation to the break flour yield (r = 0.805**). The Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA) peak viscosity and swelling volume of the SWW wheat flour were very similar to those of the club wheat flour, and there was a significant positive correlation between the RVA peak viscosity and the swelling volume (r = 0.662**). The average mixograph absorption of the SWW wheat was higher than that of the club wheat. The club wheat resulted in a higher cookie diameter than the SWW wheat, but the difference was not significant. The sponge cake volume using the SWW wheat flour was higher than that with the club wheat flour. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the cookie diameter and the sponge cake volume (r = 0.745**).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.541-547
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• 2012

This study was performed to compare the processing aptitudes of the rice muffins produced from the seven rice varieties, including Goami, Goami 2, Deuraechan, Baegjinju, Seolgaeng, Haiami and Hanareum, along with the use of hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses (HPMCs) as a replacement for the egg white. The water binding capacity of rice flours was significantly higher than that of wheat flour, but its fat binding capacity was lower than that of wheat flour (p<0.05). In the viscosity of the batter, Goami and Baegjinju were lower than that of the wheat flour. There was no significant difference in the specific gravity of Seolgaeng and the batter of wheat flour. The pH of all varieties except Goami 2 was higher than batter of wheat flour(p<0.05). Haiami flour produced higher muffin volume and specific volume compared with the wheat flour muffin. The textural characteristics, the muffins produced by Haiami and Hanareum flours had significantly lower hardness than the wheat flour muffin after 30 hours. All rice varieties except Gaomi 2 showed no significant difference compared to the wheat flour muffin in color, taste and texture (p<0.05). Furthermore, flavor of muffins produced from the Seolgaeng, Haiami and Hanareum flours tested higher than the wheat flour muffin. It was concluded that the rice varieties of Seolgaeng, Goami, Haiami and Hanareum were considered to be the most suitable rice cultivars for the rice muffins.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-89
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• 1981

Breadmaking is a complex system in which many variables govern the production of acceptable bread. Lipids, a minor component of wheat flour, function importantly in bread-making. Shortening, or fat, is one of the essential ingredients in commercial baking. Beneficial shortening effect depends on type and quantity of lipids present in wheat flour and also on wheat flour quality. Surfactants have been used in baking industry during last decade because certrain surfactants can replace shortening and/or natural flour lipids. A proper combination of lipidshortening-surfactant is more useful in the production of specialty breads such as whole wheat breads, high protein breads, high fiber breads or even non-wheat composite breads rather than in the production of regular white breads. This presentation is a review of recent studies on the contribution of flour lipids, shortening, and surfactants, alone or in combination in the production of breads; illustrations are mainly from data obtained in the author's laboratory.